Hemicrepidius carbonatus (LeConte, 1860)

Etzler, Frank E., 2020, A Revision of the Genus Hemicrepidius Germar, 1839 (Coleoptera: Elateridae) of the New World, with Comments on Global Classification, The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 18) 74, pp. 1-126 : 34-35

Hemicrepidius carbonatus (LeConte, 1860)

( Figs. 15a–e , 17a )

Asaphes carbonatus LeConte 1860: 320 ; Candèze 1863: 214; Horn 1880: 71.

Hemicrepidius carbonatus (LeConte) ; Champion 1896: 479; Leng 1920: 170; Glen 1950: 180; Brooks 1960: 32; Bousquet 1991: 183; Bousquet et al. 2013: 184.

Diagnosis. Hemicrepidius carbonatus can be distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of features: Dense, nearly cribrate punctures on the pronotal disc, a curved prosternal process, and aedeagus subparallel on basal twothirds and slightly sinuate basal to sharply acute (<45°) or hooked pre-apical expansion, and apex of parameres acute.

Hemicrepidius carbonatus could be confused with H. brooksi , H. obscurus , and H. soccifer . Characters that can distinguish H. carbonatus from H. brooksi are those discussed above. From H. obscurus , H. carbonatus can be distinguished by the curved prosternal process and pre-apical expansion of the aedeagal parameres larger and pointed laterobasally. From H. soccifer , H. carbonatus can be distinguished by the following: Pronotal hind angle more projecting over the hypomeron, with an emargination mesal to hind angle in ventral view; frons more concave when viewed dorsally; and antennomeres longer (3× longer than wide).

Redescription. Length 13.0–21.0 mm, width 3.0–6.0 mm; color dark red-brown to black, elytra not contrasting with pronotum, legs and ventral side often paler than dorsal side; integument dull to shining. Setae moderately long, depressed, brownblack. Head: Punctures subumbilicate, nearly contiguous; integument shining; frons concave anteromedially when viewed dorsally; frontal carina broadly rounded, complete, not confluent with medial posterior margin of labrum when viewed from front, at most weakly projecting in lateral view; eyes moderate, rounded, bulging, ocular index 66–68 (n = 3); antenna serrate, antennomere 2 spherical, antennomere 3 subtriangular, 2× length of 2, and with intermediate setation between 2 and 4, antennomere 3 subequal in length to 4, antennomeres 4–11 about 3× longer than wide, or with basal segments a bit wider, about 2.5× longer than wide, usually densely setose throughout, in some specimens medial area with subtly less setation, antennomere 11 with tip constricted, antenna extending beyond pronotal posterior edge by 1–2 antennomeres. Prothorax: Pronotum as wide as long to 1.3× wider than long, widest at hind angles or just anterior of midlength; sides weakly arcuate; hind angles slightly divergent, lateral edge sinuate anterior of hind angle, dorsal carina present, directed antero-medially; punctures on disc same size as punctures on head, subumbilicate, nearly contiguous, separated by <0.5× puncture diameter, punctures shallower laterally; posterior edge with sublateral notches. Hypomeron with subumbilicate punctures, nearly contiguous anteriorly and becoming slightly less dense posteriorly; posterior margin sinuate with hind angle visible ventrally and truncate at tip ( Fig. 15c ), hind angle about as long as wide in ventral view. Prosternum with punctation smaller than that of hypomeron, simple, punctures nearly touching laterally, less dense medially; anterior lobe straight to weakly deflexed, short, broadly rounded, not covering to partially covering ventral mouthparts; prosternal process curved dorsad between procoxae, narrow and straight past procoxae. Pterothorax: Mesoventral cavity with lateral edges sinuate, not visible anteriad mesocoxae in lateral view; posterior edge of cavity truncate. Metaventrite with punctures simple, smaller than punctures on hypomeron, separated by one puncture diameter throughout. Scutellar shield elongate, about twice as long as wide, broadly rounded posteriorly, sides sinuate, dorsal surface flat, anterior margin nearly straight, setae radiating from midline, similar in length and color to setae on pronotum and elytra. Elytral striae moderately impressed basally; interstriae flat to slightly convex, punctures small, scattered, giving wrinkled appearance; basal carina crenulate. Legs with lobes on tarsomeres 2 and 3 largest, subequal, narrow, not visible dorsally, lobe on tarsomere 4 minute, visible only ventrally, lobe on tarsomere 1 smallest, visible ventrally. Abdominal ventrites: Punctures simple, smaller than punctures on metaventrite, separated by a puncture diameter throughout; fifth ventrite narrowly rounded; sides of each ventrite with microserrations. Male genitalia ( Figs. 15d, e ): Parameres subparallel on basal two-thirds, sinuate basal to pre-apical expansion, pre-apical expansion sharply acute (<45°), pointed latero-basally; apex of paramere broadly pointed, weakly membranous, setose ventral patch near pre-apical expansion and 5–7 apical dorsal setae. Median lobe narrow, weakly constricted apically, basal struts curved laterobasally. Basal piece with membranous area broadly pointed medially in ventral view.

Distribution. Specimens have been examined from the following states and provinces: CANADA: BC; UNITED STATES: CA, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, UT, OR, WA ( Fig. 17a ).

Notes. Considerable confusion exists in the literature about this species. All specimens of Mexican H. carbonatus examined by Champion (1896) have turned out to be the dark form of H. soccifer . The vast majority of historical identifications belong to other species of Hemicrepidius , so older records should be interpreted with caution. A good example is Brooks’ (1960) record of H. carbonatus in the Canadian Prairie Provinces. These records represent H. soccifer , as H. carbonatus never have yellow setae. The dense pronotal punctation in both species and the lack of clarity in Horn’ s (1880) key likely led to these misidentifications.

Larvae have been tentatively associated with this species ( Glen 1950).

Types Examined. Of Asaphes carbonatus : Holotype: [dark blue disc]/ A. carbonatus Lec. / Type #2609; female [not male as in original description]; type locality Oregon or Rocky Mountains; in MCZC.

LeConte Collection, Non-type Material (4, MCZC). Utah / carbonatus#6; [silver disc]/ this sp.= Asaphes carbonatus / carbonatus #7; [pale green disc]/ A. coracinus Cand. / carbonatus #8; Col./ carbonatus #9.

Horn Collection (6, MCZC). In H. carbonatus tray: Cal., #1; #2; #6; #7; #9. In unidentified Hemicrepidius tray: W.T.

Specimens Examined (46). CANADA: British Columbia: Lillock , July-24-1917, R. C. Treherne (1, CASC) ; Vernon , Aug-1-1921, Ralph Hopping (1, CASC) . UNITED STATES: California: Ex Mus Murray / Fry Coll. 1905–100 (1, BMNH) ; [no data]/ Liebeck collection (1, MCZC, MCZ- ENT00641960) ; Modoc Co., Goose Lake , VII- 23-[19]22, VII-24-[19]22/ C. L. Fox collector (2, CASC [ Figs. 15d, e ]) ; Trinity Co., Carrville , VII-6- [19]50/ W. A. Russell collector (1, CASC) . Colorado: Wet Mountains , 10-VII-1963, Benj. H. Banta / Fremont Co, Station No. 40, el. 7600ft (1, CASC) ; [Larimer Co.], 21 mi East of Estes Park , 8- 11-[19]32/ collector K. Maehler (1, CASC) . Idaho: [Twin Falls Co.], Twin Falls , July-4-1927, V. E. Romney col (1, MTEC) . Montana: Lincoln Co., 899 Florence Rd, Libby , 48.41645°N, 115.52374°W, 31-July-2014; 2368ft, Bares, Dolan, blacklight (1, MTEC) . Nevada: [Humboldt Co.], Sheldon Refuge, 6500ft, Schawatz (1, OSAC0000541755 ) ; Lander Co., 5mi ESE Austin, Hwy 50 at Hwy 21, alt. 6750ft / 15-VII-1964, H. B. Leech (1, CASC) ; VI-13-[19]55, E. R. Leach / Battle MT (1, CASC) . New Mexico: [McKinley Co.], Ft. Wingate / Frederick Blanchard collection (1, MCZC, MCZ- ENT00641973) . Oregon: [no data] (1, SEMC) ; [no data]/ Collection of Frederick Allen Eddy (2, MCZC, MCZ-ENT00641963 [ Fig. 15b ], MCZ- ENT00641964) ; [no data]/ Coll. Janson, Ex Candèze / Asaphes carbonatus LeC. (1, BMNH); Deschutes Co., 7 miles S Bend , T19S, R12E, S11, June-25- 1958, Gerald F. Kraft (1, OSAC0000566843 [ Fig. 15a ]) ; Juniper Lake , June-18-1951, Borys Malkin (1, OSAC0000551188 ) ; Harney Co., “P” Ranch , VI-20-[19]22/ W. J. Chamberlain collector (1, OSAC0000567995 ) ; Donner und Blitzen Val. , VI- 21-1922 / Van Dyke collection (1, CASC) ; [Jackson Co.], Medford , July-1-1950 / L. G. Gentner collector (1, OSAC0000836971 ) ; [Klamath Co.], Klamah Falls , 7-8-[19]14/ H. F. Wilson collector (1, OSAC0000567993 ) ; [Lane Co.], Oakridge , 7-11- 1964, Scott McCleve (1, ERFC) ; Lake Co., Hart Mt., Antelope Range Hot Spr. Campground , springs, VIII-26-1983, R. S. Zack collector (1, WSUC) ; 15mi NW Silver Lake , VII-1-[19]56/ H. B. Leech collector (1, CASC) ; [Wasco Co.], Antelope , 7-31 [?]-[19]22 (1, CASC) ; [County?], Ochoco Nat. For, Snow Mt. Distr. , July-1947, Paul Hatch (1, OSAC0000551189 ) . Utah: Garfield Co., Calf Crk. Cpgd , 4-Aug-1983, R. W. Baumann (2, BYUC [ Fig. 15c ]) ; Spring off Hwy 12, 7.5mi E of Henrieville, 37°36’42N, 111°53’42W, 17-July-2000, E. C. Green, W. N. Mendel #86/ blacklight (1, BYUC) ; Millard Co., 15mi S Delta , 28-July-1969, J. L. Perry (1, BYUC) ; Tooele Co., Clover Creek , VII-20- 1954 / at light/ J. L. Eastin collector (1, BYUC) ; W Hickman Canyon , VI-23-1954 / Chrysothamnus nauseosus / H. J. Egoscue collector (2, BYUC) . Washington: Benton Co., Hanford Site ALE, Lower Snively Spring , 46°27.583’N, 119°43.249’W, 12- July-1995, R. S. Zack / collected at mercury vapor lamp (1, WSUC, DNA— MTEC023701 ) ; Hanford Site ALE, Rattlesnake ridge, spring, N 46°24.391’ W 119°36.312’, 31-July-1995, R. S. Zack collr/ collected at mercury vapor lamp (2, WSUC) ; [Kittitas Co.], Easton / Koebele collection (1, CASC) ; Ellensburg (1, WSUC) ; Ellensburg , VI-14- [19]30, W. [and?] W. Baker (1, OSAC0000551178 ) ; [Thurston Co.], Olympia / 6-25-[18]97/ Van Dyke Collection (1, CASC) ; [Walla Walla Co.], Walla Walla , 6-7-1926, M. W. Stone col (1, CASC) ; [Yakima Co.], Tieton , VI-20-1936 / S. E. Crumb [Jr] collector (1, OSAC0000566844 ) . Washington Territory: [no data] (1, INHS 830311 ) .

Figures

Fig. 15. Hemicrepidius carbonatus. Dorsal habitus: a) Male, b) Female. c) Pronotum, lateral view. Male genitalia:

Fig. 17. Distribution maps of examined Hemicrepidius specimens (blue/gray dots). a) H. carbonatus, b) H. decoloratus.