Henricia sanguinolenta (O.F. Müller, 1776)

Shin, Michael Dadole Ubagan and Sook, 2019, A newly recorded sea star of genus Henricia (Asteroidea: Spinulosida: Echinasteridae) from the East Sea, Korea, Journal of Species Research 8 (1), pp. 109-112 : 109-111

Henricia sanguinolenta (O.F. Müller, 1776)

ḁŭjnjặṻṷƞ (flḡ) ( Fig. 1 A-K)

Asterias sanguinolenta O.F. Müller, 1776: p. 235 .

Henricia sanguinolenta : Fisher, 1911: p. 271, pl. 65, figs. 1, 2; pl. 66, figs. 1-5; pl. 68, fig. 3; Verrill, 1914: p. 226, pl. 49, fig. 2; pl. 88, figs. 3, 3a; D’yakonov, 1950: p. 78, figs. 38, 39; Clark and Downey, 1992: p. 396, pls. 93F, 95H-I, figs. 60o-p; Jewett et al., 2012: p. 149, fig. 9E; Mah, 2018: 123974.

Henricia sanguinolenta miliaris Verrill, 1914: p. 234 , pl. 88, figs. 4, 4a.

Henricia sanguinolenta var. rudis Verrill, 1914: p. 233 , pl. 86, figs. 5, 5a.

Material examined. Three specimens, Geojin, 14 Nov. 2012; one specimen, Gangneung, 25 May 2013; three specimens, Jumunjin, 26 May 2013; two specimens, Daejin, 12 June 2013; two specimens, Geojin, 16 June 2013; one specimen, Gisamun, 2 March 2014; two specimens, Daejin, 3 March 2014; one specimen, Daejin, 26 May 2014; two specimens, Geojin, 27 May 2014; six specimens, Jukbyeon, 27 May 2014; four specimens, Gonghyeonjin, 29 Aug. 2014; one specimen, Imwon, 23 Dec. 2014; one specimen, Gonghyeonjin, 27 Dec. 2014; three specimens, Jukbyeon, 2 March 2017; four specimens, Sacheon, 2 March 2017; one specimen, Gonghyeonjin, 11 March 2018; and one specimen, Geojin, 8 June 2018.

Description. Arms five, long, usually thick arm base, gradually tapering to narrow tip of arm ( Fig. 1A, B ). Abactinal paxillae forming in groups with coarser stubby spinules, bearing 7-16 spinelets ( Fig. 1C ). After denuding, abactinal spinelets revealed more than 10 sharp apical points ( Fig. 1J ). Abactinal skeleton reticulated, irregular form and size ( Fig. 1H ). Papular area with 1-5 papulae, slightly bigger than abactinal plates, usually divided with small ossicles. Madreporite small, circular, slightly elevated, covered with spinules similar to abactinal spines ( Fig. 1F, G ). Superomarginal, inferomarginal, and ventrolateral plates forming in three longitudinal series to tip of arm ( Fig. 1I ). Superomarginal plates bearing 22-30 spines. Inferomarginal plates transversely elongated, bearing numerous 33-40 spines. Intermarginal plates forming longitudinally between inferomarginal and superomarginal plates, reaching one half length of arm. Ventrolateral plate convex form, bearing 14-22 stubby spines. Adambulacral armature composed of 11-17 spinelets, inner three or four being coarser than outer one, arranged in two or three rows of spines ( Fig. 1D ). Furrow spine usually single, but double near tip of arm. Oral plate bearing three to four blunt spines ( Fig. 1E ).

Size. R = 90-130 mm, r = 15-19 mm, R /r = 6-6.8.

Habitat. Hard substrates (rocks).

Distribution. Korea (East Sea); Russia (Kola Bay, Motovski Bay, North of Kildin Island); Artic to Cape Hatteras; North Atlantic (Faeroe Islands, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, United Kingdom).

Deposition. The collected specimens were deposited in the Marine Echinoderm Resource Bank of Korea ( MERBK), Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea.

Remarks. Henricia sanguinolenta is known for its wide distribution throughout the world. This species is relatively large compared to other Henricia species, with a ratio of R /r = 6.0-6.8. It has a visible longitudinal series of actinal ossicles, as pointed out by Madsen (1987). Henricia sanguinolenta differs from other previously reported Henricia species in Korea by having more than 10 uneven apical thorns that are revealed after removing the covered integument of the abactinal spines ( Fig. 1J ).

Figures

Fig. 1. Henricia sanguinolenta. A. abactinal side; B. actinal side; C. abactinal paxillae; D. actinal spines: inferomarginal spines (Is), ventrolateral spines (Vs), adambulacral spines (As); E. oral part; F. madreporite with spines; G. madreporite without spines; H. abactinal skeleton; I. actinal skeleton: superomarginal plates (S), intermarginal plates (In), inferomarginal plates (I), ventrolateral plates (V), adambulacral plates (A); J. abactinal spines; K. adambulacral spines. Scale bars:A, B=2 cm, C-I =1 mm, J=100 μm, K=50μm.