Pouteria venosa ( Martius 1839: 4 ) Baehni (1942: 393)

Völtz, Rafael R., Alves-Araújo, Anderson & Goldenberg, Renato, 2020, Native Species of Sapotaceae Juss. in Paraná, Brazil, Phytotaxa 430 (4), pp. 224-276 : 264-265

5.11 Pouteria venosa ( Martius 1839: 4) Baehni (1942: 393) . Figure 23

Canopy tree. Trunk section cylindrical or irregular in the lower third of the trunk, buttressed; bark brown, scaly, scales papyraceous or woody, rectangular; slash pinkish, tangential section with longitudinal streaks, not discoloured, with abundant latex. Stems with apical buds and young shoots ferrugineous, soon light yellowish-brown or grayish-brown, not lenticellate, slightly fissured or seldom scaly, rounded, sericeous-tomentose or pubescent at first, becoming glabrous when older. Leaves clustered at the stem apex. Petiole 7.0–28.0 mm long, rounded or flat, sericeous-tomentose, pubescent or glabrous, sometimes sparse hairs at the base. Leaf blade chartaceous, (5.5–)7.0–17.5 × 2.0– 6.5 cm, oblanceolate, narrow-elliptic or elliptic, seldom narrow-obovate, apex acute, obtuse or shortly acuminate, seldom acuminate or rounded, base acute or cuneate, weakly decurrent, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface glabrescent or glabrous, but sometimes with sparse hairs on midrib, venation eucampto-brochidodromous, midrib slightly raised or flat on the adaxial surface, raised on the abaxial surface, secondaries 7–15 pairs, straight or slightly convergent and arcuate near the margin, parallel, slightly raised or flat on the adaxial surface, raised on the abaxial surface, thin intramarginal vein present, intersecondaries absent or poorly developed, tertiary veins percurrent, branches oblique, or loosely reticulate, slightly raised or flat on the adaxial surface, slightly raised on the abaxial surface, quaternary veins reticulate. Inflorescences axillary, 1–6-flowered. Pedicel 5.5–9.5 mm long, hispid-tomentose. Flowers androgynous, greenish or greenish-cream in vivo; calyx in 2 whorls of 2 sepals, 4.0– 6.8 mm long, the inner ones frequently longer than the outer ones, suborbiculate or wide-elliptic, apex obtuse or rounded, margin entire or sometimes ciliate, abaxial surface tomentose or seldom pubescent, adaxial surface glabrous or the outer ones with some hairs on margin, the inner ones with a broad glabrous marginal stripe; corolla tubulose, glabrous, 8.4–10.0 mm long, tube shorter or seldom longer than the lobes, 3.2–5.4 mm long, lobes 6(–7)-merous, 4.4–5.3 mm long, oblong or wide-elliptic, apex obtuse or rounded, margin papillose; stamens 6–(7), fixed at the top of the corolla tube, filaments 1.8–2.5 mm long, glabrous, anthers 1.6–2.2 mm long, glabrous; staminodes 6–(7), 2.5–3.0 mm long, subulate, margin papillose; ovary 6-locular, 2.3–3.8 mm long, globose, style 5.0– 9.6 mm long, glabrous or lanate at the base, stigma slightly lobed. Fruit ripening greenish-yellow or yellowish, ca. 2.5 × 2.6 cm, globose, glabrous, exocarp coriaceous, mesocarp and endocarp farinaceous, calyx persistent, 1-seeded. Seed ca. 2.0 × 2.2 cm, globose; testa smooth, shining; scar ca. 20 mm long, broad, covering the whole seed length, wide-elliptic.

Selected material: — BRAZIL. Paraná: Guaratuba, 8 January 1993, G.G. Hatschbach 58514 ( MBM, RB, NY). Guaratuba, 25 June 1968, G.G. Hatschbach 19431 ( MBM). Matinhos, 16 August 1959, G.G. Hatschbach 6204 ( MBM). Morretes, 22 July 2007, R.R. Völtz 1309 ( EFC, HCF, MBM, NY, RB, UPCB, VIES). Paranaguá, 10 August 1985, R.M. Britez s.n. ( HFC, MBM, UPCB 13179).

Additional selected material: — BRAZIL. São Paulo: Cananéia, 5 July 1989, F. de Barros 1684 ( SP, UPCB). Santa Catarina: São Francisco do Sul, 4 January 2018, R.R. Völtz 1451 ( EFC, FUEL, FURB, HCF, INPA, JOI, MBM, NY, RB, SP, UPCB, VIES).

In Paraná Pouteria venosa occurs in the Atlantic coast mountainous region and Serra do Mar on hill slopes up to 970 m elev., in Submontane and Montane Atlantic Rain Forest. Only one specimen (Jönsson 512a) was collected in Araucaria Forest in the Second Plateau. Collected with flowers in June, July and August and with fruits in January. It can be recognized by the slash with the yellowish outer bark, contrasting with the pinkish inner bark, the glabrous leaves that are densely clustered at the stem apex, and the corolla with 6(–7) lobes and papillose margin. The collections from Paraná belong to P. venosa subsp. venosa (according to Pennignton 1990), which differs from P. venosa subsp. amazonica T.D. Pennington (1990: 399) by the young shoots and inflorescences shortly crisped-pubescent (vs. densely appressed-puberulous), the adaxial surface of the sepals glabrous or with some hairs on the margin (vs. uniformly appressed-puberulous in P. venosa subsp. amazonica ), the anthers 1.0– 1.3 mm long (vs. 1.7–2.0 mm long), the fruits 1.8–2.5 cm long (vs. 4.0–8.0 cm long), and the seed scar covering about one-third of seed surface (vs. often covering up two-thirds of seed surface). However, the specimens studied here have young shoots with an appressed indumentum and anthers longer than described from P. venosa subsp. venosa by Pennington (1990).

Conservation Status: —This species was listed as “Not evaluated” ( NE) by CNCFlora (2018). In Paraná P. venosa is irregularly distributed on hill slopes in the Atlantic Rain Forest, and most individuals are in protected areas. The main problem to its conservation is the loss of habitat to agriculture or pastures.

Figures

FIGURE 23. Pouteria venosa. A. Habit. B. Bark. C. Slash. D. Abaxial surface of the leaf. E. Flower, longitudinal section. F. Adaxial surface of the corolla and detail of the papillose margin. G. Lateral and frontal view of the seed. H. Fruit. I. Stem with flower. J. Detail of the venation. K. Flower in vivo. (A–F, K from R.R. Völtz 1309; G–H from R.R. Völtz 1451; I from G.G. Hatschbach 19431; J from G.G. Hatschbach 19616) (ov: ovary; sc: seed scar; st: stamen; stm: staminode).