Pouteria durlandii ( Standley 1925: 5 ) Baehni (1942: 422)

Völtz, Rafael R., Alves-Araújo, Anderson & Goldenberg, Renato, 2020, Native Species of Sapotaceae Juss. in Paraná, Brazil, Phytotaxa 430 (4), pp. 224-276 : 253-255

5.4 Pouteria durlandii ( Standley 1925: 5) Baehni (1942: 422) . Figure 16

Canopy tree. Trunk section cylindrical or irregular in the lower third of the trunk, slightly buttressed or not; bark reddish-brown or brown, scaly, scale papyraceous or seldom woody, retangular or irregular; slash light yellow-orange, light reddish-brown or pinkish, tangential section with ripple marks, not discoloured, with abundant or seldom scanty latex. Stems with apical bud and young shoots reddish-brown, soon grayish-bronw or grayish, without or seldom scarce lenticels, rough or sometimes poorly scaly, angle at first, becoming rounded when older, young shoots sericeous-tomentose, pubescent or glabrous, soon glabrous. Leaves spaced or loosely clustered at the stem apex. Petiole 7.5–20.9 mm long, flat, glabrous or with sparse hairs, seldom tomentose. Leaf blade chartaceous, (5.5–)7.5– 15.5(19.0) × 2.0– 6.6 cm, oblanceolate, apex acuminate or shortly acuminate, base cuneate or acute, glabrous on both sides or with sparse hairs on midrib and secondaries on the abaxial surface, venation eucampto-brochidodromous, midrib slightly raised on the adaxial surface, raised on the abaxial surface, secondaries 5–11 pairs, convergent, arcuate, slightly raised on the adaxial surface, raised on the abaxial surface, thin intramarginal vein present, intersecondaries absent or poorly developed, tertiary veins loosely reticulate, slightly raised on both sides, quaternary veins reticulate. Inflorescences axillary and ramiflorous, 1–4-flowered. Pedicel 1.0– 2.5 mm long, tomentose or pubescent. Flower unisexual (dioecious), whitish in vivo; calyx in a single whorls of (4–)5-sepals, 2.0– 3.6 mm long, lanceolate or oblong, apex acute or obtuse, margin entire, abaxial surface tomentose, adaxial surface glabrous, without a broad glabrous marginal stripe; corolla cyathiform, glabrous, flower staminate 4.0– 4.7 mm long, tube shorter than the lobes, 1.3–2.1 mm long, lobes 5, ca. 2.5 mm long; flower pistillate ca. 3.5 mm long, tube shorter than the lobes, ca. 1.0 mm long, lobes 5, ca. 2.5 mm long, ovate, apex acute or rounded, sometimes auriculate at the base, margin entire; stamens 5, fixed at the top of the corolla tube, filaments 1.2 mm long, glabrous, anthers 1.0– 1.8 mm long, glabrous; stamens absent in pistillate flower; staminodes 5, 0.6–1.3 mm long, lanceolate, margin entire; staminodes reduced in pistillate flower; ovary 2–3-locular, ca. 0.5 mm long, ovoid, style 1.7–2.7 mm long, glabrous, stigma slightly lobed. Fruit ripening greenish-yellow, yellow or reddish-yellow, ca. 2.5 × 2.6 cm, globose to subglobose, glabrous, exocarp coriaceus, mesocarp fleshy, endocarp gelatinous, calyx persistent, 1–3-seeded. Seed ca. 2.1 × 1.7 cm, ellipsoid; testa smooth, matt; scar 16–20 mm long, broad, covering most of the seed length, elliptic.

Selected material: — BRAZIL. Paraná: Antonina, 12 January 1968, G.G. Hatschbach 18282 ( MBM, NY, UPCB). Antonina, 22 September 1982, G.G. Hatschbach 45419 ( INPA, MBM). Guaraqueçaba, 29 January 1968, G.G. Hatschbach 18498 ( MBM, NY). Guaraqueçaba, 4 March 2017, R.R. Völtz 1170 ( UPCB). Guaraqueçaba, 10 January 2018, R.R. Völtz 1467 ( EFC, MBM, NY, RB, UPCB, VIES).

Additional selected material: — BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: São Francisco do Sul, 4 January 2017, R.R. Völtz 1209 ( MBM, RB, UPCB, VIES). São Francisco do Sul, 1 March 2017, R.R. Völtz 1187 ( MBM, NY, RB, UPCB, VIES).

In Paraná Pouteria durlandii occurs in the Atlantic coast mountainous region and Serra do Mar on hill slopes between 50 and 400 m elev., in Submontane Atlantic Rain Forest. Collected with flower buds in December, with flowers in January and one single record in September (Hatschbach 45419), with fruits in March, May and August. The trees usually have trunks sprouting at the base, the leaves are bicolored, dark green on the adaxial surface and light green on the abaxial surface (in vivo), and the leaves usually show orange spots probably caused by fungi. It can be recognized by the scaly bark, the tangential slash section with ripple marks, the venation eucampto-brochidodromous with secondary veins convergent and arcuate, and tertiary veins loosely reticulate. The collections from Paraná belong to P. durlandii subsp. durlandii (as defined by Pennignton 1990), which differs from P. durlandii subsp. pubicarpa T.D. Pennington (1990: 325) by the leaves 7.5–20 cm long (vs. 15–30 cm long), secondary veins 7–14 pairs (vs. 13–20 pairs), fruits 2.0– 2.5 cm long, glabrous (vs. fruits 3.0– 3.5 cm long, velutinous).

Conservation Status: —This species was listed as “Not evaluated” ( NE) by CNCFlora (2018). In Paraná P. durlandii is irregularly distributed on hill slopes, and most populations are in protected areas. The loss of habitat to agriculture/pastures is the main problem to its conservation.

Figures

FIGURE 16. Pouteria durlandii. A. Habit. B. Bark. C. Slash. D. Abaxial surface of the leaf. E. Staminate flower, longitudinal section. F. Adaxial surface of the staminate corolla. G. Pistillate flower, longitudinal section. H. Adaxial surface of the pistillate corolla. I. Lateral and frontal view of the seed. J. Fruit. K. Stem with flower. L. Detail of the venation. M. Flower in vivo. (A–F, L–M from R.R. Völtz 1467; G–H, K from G.G. Hatschbach 45419; I–J from R.R. Völtz 213) (ov: ovary; sc: seed scar; st: stamen; stm: staminode).