Aspidosperma macrocarpon Mart. & Zucc., 1824

Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos & Koch, Ingrid, 2022, Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae), Phytotaxa 571 (3), pp. 239-277 : 254-255

Aspidosperma macrocarpon Mart. & Zucc. in Flora 7(1, Beil. 4): 136. 1824.

≡ Aspidosperma macrocarpon var. macrocarpon . ≡ Macaglia macrocarpa (Mart.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 416. 1891.

Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Inter Tejuco et Serra do Gram Mogol , s.d., C.F.P. von Martius s.n. ( M [barcode M-0183523 image!]; isolectotypes: M [barcode M-0183523 image!, barcode M-0183524 image!, barcode M-0183525 image!]) .

= Aspidosperma gardneri Müll.Arg. in Mart. & auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 47. 1860. ≡ Aspidosperma gardneri var. gardneri . ≡ Macaglia gardneri (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Piauí, Aug 1939, G. Gardner 2666 (K [barcode K000587640 image!]; isolectotypes: G [barcode G00169263 image!, barcode G00169264 image!], K [barcode K000979027 image!, barcode K000979028 image!], MO [fragment] [barcode MO-2958632 image!], NY [barcode 00023372 image!], P, US [barcode 00111795 image!], W [No. W 0048498 image!, No. 1889-0111547 image!]).

= Aspidosperma gardneri var. ellipticum Müll.Arg. in Mart. & auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 48. 1860. Lectotype (designated here):— BRAZIL. Tocantins: Rio Tocantins, Aug–Sep 1844, H.A. Weddell 2470 (P [barcode P04205678 image!]; isolectotype: F [fragment] [barcode V0092459 F image!]). Excluded: P [barcode P06595344 image!].

= Aspidosperma macrocarpon var. glabratum Müll.Arg. in Mart. & auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 47. 1860. Syntype [perhaps holotype]:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Ad Rio Pardo, s.d., L. Riedel 540 (LE image!).

= Aspidosperma macrocarpon var. lanatum Müll.Arg. in Mart. & auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 47. 1860. Syntype [perhaps holotype]:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: s.d., L. Riedel 475 (LE image!).

“ Aspidosperma gardneri var. ovatum ” Müll.Arg. in Mart. & auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 48. 1860, a designation not validly published.

“ Aspidosperma lecointei ” Record ex Milanez in Physis (Buenos Aires) 15(47): 479. 1939, nom. nud.

“ Aspidosperma macrocarpon var. normale ” Müll.Arg. in Mart. & auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 47. 1860, a designation not validly published.

Notes —The diagnosis of A. macrocarpon presented in “ Flora ” by Martius & Zuccarini (1824) was based on a single collection made by Martius himself, though the indication of the original material (Martius s.n.) was only made later by Martius (1824) in “ Nova Genera et Species Plantarum ”. Since there are two sheets in the herbarium M from the single collection made by Martius (1824) for A. macrocarpon that resemble the illustration first mentioned in “ Flora ”, but only published in “ Nova Genera et Species Plantarum ” (plate 35 (M barcode M-0183523) and plate 36 (M barcode M-0183522)), we elected the sheet with leaves and flowers as the lectotype (M barcode M-0183523) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).

Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) published the name A. gardneri with two varieties, “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” (as “α”) and A. gardneri var. ellipticum (as “β”). Since the leaves of A. gardneri and “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” were characterized as ovate and those of A. gardneri var. ellipticum as ovate-elliptic, we assumed that “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” included the type of A. gardneri . Also, throughout the publication, Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) used the α only for “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” and A. macrocarpon var. normale to indicate the name including the type, thus we assume that “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” included the type of A. gardineri . Therefore, we consider “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” as a not validly published designation (ICN article 26.2; Turland et al. 2018). Furthermore, from the two gatherings cited for “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” by Müller-Argoviensis (1860a), we elected the best-preserved specimen of Gardner 2666 as the lectotype of A. gardneri (K barcode K000587640) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Additionally, Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) mentioned the single gathering Weddel 2470 in the prologue of A. gardneri var. ellipticum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected the most complete material from this collection as the lectotype of A. gardneri var. ellipticum (P barcode P04205678) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Finally, after analyzing the specimens of A. gardneri var. ellipticum , we observed that one sheet belongs to Malvaceae (P barcode P06595344), so, we are excluding it from the collection.

Lastly, according to the ICN article 24.3 ( Turland et al. 2018), designations of infraspecific taxa that were intended to include the type of the species to which they were assigned were not validly published whenever they had infraspecific epithets like “ normale ” (e.g., “ A. macrocarpon var. normale ”).