Nepalmatoiulus, Mauries, 1983

Mikhaljova, Elena V., 2020, New data on the fauna of China, part II: the millipede genus Nepalmatoiulus Mauriès, 1983 (Diplopoda, Julidae) in continental China and Taiwan, with descriptions of seven new species, Zootaxa 4852 (1), pp. 101-124 : 122-123

Key to species of Nepalmatoiulus reported from mainland China and Taiwan Island (based only on males)

1(6) Gonopod solenomere with accessory branch, appendage or deeply bifid.......................................... 2 2(3) Gonopod solenomere deeply bifid, both branches broad and spinose................................. N. coxahaerens

3(2) Gonopod solenomere different........................................................................... 4 4(5) Gonopod solenomere with subapical slender branch.................................................. N. pallidus

5(4) Gonopod solenomere with a stellate appendage carrying several long spines........................... N. yunnanensis 6(1) Gonopod solenomere without accessory branch, appendage or not deeply bifid.................................... 7

7(24) Gonopod solenomere short, not reaching or almost reaching the middle of the velum................................ 8 8(19) Gonopod mesomeral process without well-defined subapical outgrowth.......................................... 9

9(18) Gonopod mesomeral process without apical excavation...................................................... 10 10(11) Gonopod solenomere smooth without setae or spines............................................. N. sichuanensis

11(10) Gonopod solenomere setose or covered with pointed spines................................................... 12 12(13) Gonopod solenomere apically expanded, with a small anterior spinose lobe.......................... N. brachymeritus

13(12) Gonopod solenomere apically not expanded, without a small anterior spinose lobe................................. 14 14(15) Gonopod solenomere posteriorly with particularly long spines.......................................... N. malaisei

15(14) Gonopod solenomere posteriorly without particularly long spines.............................................. 16 16(17) Gonopod mesomeral process clearly demarcated from velum............................................. N. weixi

17(16) Gonopod mesomeral process practically not demarcated from velum................................... N. chinensis 18(9) Gonopod mesomeral process with apical excavation ( Fig. 48 )................................... N. parvulus sp. nov.

19(8) Gonopod mesomeral process with well-defined subapical outgrowth............................................ 20 20(21) Subapical outgrowth of the gonopod mesomeral process digitiform ( Figs 68, 69 ).................... N. hexiensis sp. nov.

21(20) Subapical outgrowth of the gonopod mesomeral process different.............................................. 22 22(23) Anterior gonopod distally expanded ( Figs 54, 55 ). Apex of the gonopod mesomeral process straight, very pointed ( Figs 58, 60).............................................................................. N. acutidentatus sp. nov.

23(22) Anterior gonopod distally not expanded ( Figs 39, 40 ). Apex of the gonopod mesomeral process hook-shaped, not very pointed ( Figs 44, 46 )........................................................................ N. deqenensis sp. nov. 24(7) Gonopod solenomere long, exceeding the middle of the velum................................................ 25

25(26) Gonopod solenomere basally stout, then tapering into almost flagelloid apical part..................... N. fraterdraconis 26(25) Gonopod solenomere different.......................................................................... 27

27(34) Gonopod solenomere stout............................................................................. 28 28(29) Posterior lobe of gonopod solenomere with pointed processes.......................................... N. polyakis

29(28) Posterior lobe of gonopod solenomere different............................................................ 30 30(31) Male mandibular stipital lobes small, acute......................................................... N. eulobos

31(30) Male mandibular stipital lobes different................................................................... 32 32(33) Male coxa 2 elongated (twice as long as wide)..................................................... N. formosae

33(32) Male coxa 2 shorter........................................................................ N. taiwanensis 34(27) Gonopod solenomere different.......................................................................... 35

35(38) Gonopod solenomere with subapical slender branch......................................................... 36 36(37) Gonopod mesomeral process slender, stick-shaped...................................................... N. muli

37(36) Gonopod mesomeral process moderately large.................................................... N. immaturus 38(35) Gonopod solenomere long and slender, without subapical slender branch........................................ 39 39(40) Gonopod velum with a large slender outgrowth immediately in front of solenomere.................... N. rhaphimeritus 40(39) Gonopod velum without a large slender outgrowth immediately in front of solenomere............................. 41

41(42) Anterior gonopods very stout, apically broadly rounded. Solenomere with long spines posteriorly............ N. tibetanus 42(41) Anterior gonopods different. Solenomere without long spines posteriorly........................................ 43

43(44) Gonopod mesomeral process without excavation and subapical outgrowth......................... N. tianbaoshanensis 44(43) Gonopod mesomeral process with excavation or subapical outgrowth........................................... 45

45(46) Gonopod mesomeral process without subapical protrusions located on its mesal side ( Figs 1 , 10 ).... N. lanpingensis sp. nov. 46(45) Gonopod mesomeral process with subapical protrusions located on its mesal side................................. 47

47(48) Gonopod mesomeral process with subcentral digitiform outgrowth ( Fig. 20 )...................... N. uncinatus sp. nov. 48(47) Gonopod mesomeral process without subcentral digitiform outgrowth ( Fig. 34 )................. N. emarginatus sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURES 47–51. Nepalmatoiulus parvulus sp. nov., male paratype. 47, promere, caudal view; 48, opisthomere, mesal view; 49, distal part of promere; 50, leg pair 1; 51, basal part of flagellum. Scales: 10 μm (Figs 49, 51), 20 μm (Fig. 50), 100 μm (Figs 47–48).

FIGURES 68–70. Nepalmatoiulus hexiensis sp. nov., male holotype. 68, opisthomere, mesal view; 69, distal part of mesomeral process; 70, solenomere. Scales: 10 μm (Figs 69–70), 100 μm (Fig. 68).

FIGURES 52–57. Nepalmatoiulus acutidentatus sp. nov., male holotype, female paratype. 52, leg 1; 53, coxae 2, front view; 54, promere, caudal view; 55, distal part of promere; 56, penis; 57, vulva, caudal view; a, protrusion. Scales: 20 μm (Figs 52, 55–56), 100 μm (Figs 53–54, 57).

FIGURES 58–61. Nepalmatoiulus acutidentatus sp. nov., male holotype. 58, opisthomere, mesal view; 59, solenomere; 60, distal part of mesomeral process; 61, apex of mesomeral process; f, process of a flap arising from posterior margin of the solenomeral furrow. Scales: 10 μm (Figs 59, 61), 20 μm (Fig. 60), 100 μm (Fig. 58).

FIGURES 37–43. Nepalmatoiulus deqenensis sp. nov., male paratype. 37, leg pair 1; 38, leg pair 2, front view; 39, promere, caudal view; 40, distal part of promere; 41, coxae 2, front view; 42, distal part of flagellum; 43, penis. Scales: 10 μm (Fig. 42), 20 μm (Figs 37, 40), 30 μm (Fig. 43), 100 μm (Figs 38–39, 41).

FIGURES 44–46. Nepalmatoiulus deqenensis sp. nov., male paratype. 44, opisthomere, mesal view; 45, solenomere; 46, apex of mesomeral process; d, outgrowth of opisthomere mesomeral process. Scales: 10 μm (Figs 45–46), 100 μm (Fig. 44).

FIGURES 1–8. Nepalmatoiulus lanpingensis sp. nov., male and female paratypes. 1, leg pair 1; 2, opisthomere, mesal view; 3, leg pair 2, front view; 4, penis; 5, promere, sublateral view; 6, vulva, caudal view; 7, coxae 2, front view; 8, distal part of promere; v, velum; d, outgrowth of opisthomere mesomeral process. Scales: 10 μm (Fig. 8), 20 μm (Fig. 1), 100 μm (Figs 2–3, 5–6), 30 μm (Fig. 4), without scale (Fig. 7).

FIGURES 9–11. Nepalmatoiulus lanpingensis sp. nov., male paratype. 9, promere, caudal view; 10, gonopods, mesal view; 11, distal part of flagellum; v, velum; d, outgrowth of opisthomere mesomeral process. Scales in mm.

FIGURES 19–26. Nepalmatoiulus uncinatus sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype. 19, promere, caudal view; 20, gonopods, mesal view; 21, distal part of mesomeral process; 22, distal part of promere; 23, vulva, front view; 24, solenomere and accessory membrane (distal part of the solenomere broken); 25, vulva, caudal view; 26, distal part of flagellum; d, outgrowth of opisthomere mesomeral process; p, protrusions. Scales: 10 μm (Figs 21–22), 20 μm (Figs 24, 26), 100 μm (Figs 19–20, 23, 25).

FIGURES 34–36. Nepalmatoiulus emarginatus sp. nov., male and female paratypes. 34, opisthomere, mesal view; 35, distal part of mesomeral process; 36, vulva, caudal view. Scales: 20 μm (Fig. 35), 100 μm (Figs 34, 36).