Sturnira bakeri, Velazco & Patterson, 2014

Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Phyllostomidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 444-583 : 549

137.

Baker's Yellow-shouldered Bat

Sturnira bakeri

French: Sturnire de Baker / German: Baker-Gelbschulterfledermaus / Spanish: Sturniro de Baker

Taxonomy. Sturnira baker: Velazco & Patterson, 2014 ,

“Palmales, Reserva Militar Arenillas, El Oro, Ecuador, approximately 3°40'27.4”S, 80°06’20"W, 49 m.”

Sturnira bakeri was previously confused with S. parvidens and S. luisi . Molecular and morphological analyses clarified its distinction from other similar taxa. Monotypic.

Distribution. Known from two localities in SW Ecuador (El Oro Province); more recently, it has been recorded in the Pacific coast of Colombia (Choco and Valle del Cauca departments), and NW Peru (Tumbes Department). Known distribution is changing as existing specimens from NW South America (listed as S. Lilium parvidens ) are reidentified as this species; new geographic and ecological information is being gathered in the process, and it could be locally common at some specific habitats.

Descriptive notes. Head-body 64-77 mm (tailless), ear 15-20 mm, hindfoot 12-20 mm, forearm 41-47-6 mm; weight 18.7-26 g. Baker's Yellow-shouldered Batis small and most similar to the Little Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. Lilium ). Dorsal fur is short (4-6 mm between shoulders), woolly, and pale brown. Dorsal hairs have four bands, with short whitish bases (c.10% of length), long pale brown bands (c.40%), long pale gray bands (c.40%), and short dark brown terminal bands (c.10%). Ventralfuris pale gray. Ventral hairs are tricolored, with short pale gray bases (c.10%), long pale brown subterminal bands (c.45%), and long pale gray terminal bands (c.45%). Hairs are c. 5 mm long between shoulders and on chest. Proximal part of forearm (c.50% of shaftjust distal to elbow)is sparsely furred with short hairs. Wing membranes are dark brown. Dorsal surfaces of femur, tibia, and feet are densely covered with long hairs. Tail membrane is very short and well-furred with long hairs. Skull has globular braincase with slender rostrum and well-developed sagittal crest. I' are bicuspidate, procumbent, and at least twice the height of I?, and I; and I, are tricuspidate and subequal in height. Lingual cusps (metaconid and entoconid) of M, and M, are well defined and separated by deep notch.

Habitat. Tropical dry forests, Pacific Tropical rainforests, pre-montane rainforests, and lower montane forest at elevations of 400-2000 m. Secondary forests and plantations of banana and crops surrounded the type locality of Baker's Yellow-shouldered Bat in south-western Ecuador.

Food and Feeding. Baker's Yellow-shouldered Bat is expected to be predominantly frugivorous, eating mostly fruits of Solanum (Solanaceae) and Piper (Piperaceae) . It might also eat some pollen, nectar, and insects.

Breeding. No information.

Activity patterns. Baker's Yellow-shouldered Bat is nocturnal.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information.

Status and Conservation. Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. Although Baker's Yellowshouldered Bat was described as a geographically restricted, new data shows that it could have a much broader distribution. Although it has not been recorded at any protected areas, it probably occurs in at least some local reserves.

Bibliography. Montoya-Bustamante et al. (2017), Sdnchez & Pacheco (2016), Velazco & Patterson (2013, 2014).

Figures

119. Bidentate Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bidens), 120. Lesser Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira nana), 121. Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira aratathomasi), 122. Honduran Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira hondurensis), 123. Burton's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Stwrnira burtonlimi), 124. Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira ludovici), 125. Adriana’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira adrianae), 126. Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira oporaphilum), 127. Mistratoan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mistratensis), 128. Soriano’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira sorianoi), 129. Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira koopmanhilli), 130. Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mordax), 131. Perla Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira perla), 132. Tilda’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira tildae), 133. Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira erythromos), 134. Bogota Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bogotensis), 135. Greater Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira magna), 136. Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira parvidens), 137. Baker's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bakeri), 138. Little Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira Lilium), 139. Gianna’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira giannae), 140. Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira angeli), 141. Paulson’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira paulsoni), 142. Luis’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira luisi)

Distribution. Known from two localities in SW Ecuador (El Oro Province); more recently, it has been recorded in the Pacific coast of Colombia (Choco and Valle del Cauca departments), and NW Peru (Tumbes Department). Known distribution is changing as existing specimens from NW South America (listed as S. Lilium parvidens ) are reidentified as this species; new geographic and ecological information is being gathered in the process, and it could be locally common at some specific habitats.