Artibeus concolor, Peters, 1865

Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Phyllostomidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 444-583 : 571

187.

Brown Fruit-eating Bat

Artibeus concolor

French: Artibée unicolore / German: Brauner Fruchtvampir / Spanish: Artibeo unicolor

Taxonomy. Artibeus concolor Peters, 1865 ,

“ Paramaribo ( Surinam [= Suriname]).”

Artibeus concolor has been included in genus (or subgenus) Dermanura and later in its own genus Koopmania by R. D. Owen in 1991. Molecular analyses have shown that it is actually closer to subgenus Arti beus and is included in it here. A. Brosset and P. Charles-Dominique in 1991 found enough variation in size among specimens from French Guiana to suggest it could represent two or more sibling species. Monotypic.

Distribution. E Colombia, S & E Venezuela, the Guianas, Brazil, E Ecuador, E Peru, and N Bolivia.

Descriptive notes. Head-body 59-64 mm (tailless), ear 15-19 mm, hindfoot 10-1-12: 5 mm, forearm 44-2-47 mm; average weight 18-3 g (males) and 20 g (females). In Brazilian specimens, there is statistical sexual dimorphism in external and cranial characteristics, with females larger than males. The Brown Fruit-eating Bat is medium-sized, with brownish to pale brown dorsal fur; head and neck are paler; and hairs are long (8-10 mm) and tricolored. Ventralfur is lighter than dorsum and somewhat shorter. Facial stripes are absent, no white anterior margin occurs in ear, tragusis white, and noseleaf is comparatively large and broad. Dactylopatagium between second and third digits is translucent, with no pigmentation. Plagiopatagium is attached to metatarsal-phalangeal joint. Proximal area of uropatagium is sparsely covered with long hair. I' are conspicuously bilobated, M,is tiny, M' has strongly developed hypocone, and lowerincisors form a solid arcade. Dental formulais12/2,C1/1,P 2/2,M 3/3 (x2) = 32. Braincase is highly developed, rostrum is short and broad, rostral shield is well developed, and mesopterygoid fossa is broadly Ushaped. Paroccipital processis indistinct or absent. Conditions of plagiopatagium and paroccipital process serve as synapomorphies that distinguish the Brown Fruit-eating Bat from closely related taxa. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30-31 and FN = 56, with ten pairs of submetacentric or metacentric and four pairs of subtelocentric autosomal elements. Multiple sex chromosome system XY|Y, has been reported, with subtelocentric X-chromosome and two acrocentric Y-chromosomes.

Habitat. A variety of humid lowland forests, cerrado, and secondary habitats such as pastures, orchards, and clearing at elevations of 100-1000 m (mostly below 500 m in Venezuela).

Food and Feeding. The Brown Fruit-eating Bat is frugivorous but also eats pollen, nectar, and other flower parts. It has been reported to eat leaves (unidentified) in central Brazil.

Breeding. Pregnant Brown Fruit-eating Bats were caught in February in Colombia, January-July in Venezuela, and September—-Novemberin Brazil. A lactating female was caught in November in Bolivia. These data suggest bimodal polyestry.

Activity patterns. The Brown Fruit-eating Bat seems to be a canopy specialist, flying high aboveground, and is uniformly active through the night.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. A couple of spinturnicid mite species were collected from Brown Fruit-eating Bats, including Periglischrus acutisternus and P. iheringi, and the streblid batfly Paratrichobius longicrus.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last.

Bibliography. Acosta & Owen (1993), Bernard (1997), Brosset & Charles-Dominique (1991), Charles-Dominique et al. (2001), Guerrero (1997), Hoofer et al. (2008), Marques-Aguiar (2008a), Owen (1991), Pinto et al. (2012), Redondo etal. (2008), Reis et al. (2017), Sampaio et al. (2016d), Willig (1983).

Figures

187. Brown Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus concolor), 188. Honduran Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus inopinatus), 189. Fraternal Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus fraterculus), 190. Hairy Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus hirsutus), 192. Ecuadorian Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus aequatorialis), 193. Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus jamaicenss), 194. Dark Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus obscurus), 195. Schwartz’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus schwartzi), 196. Great Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus lLituratus), 197. Large Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus amplus), 198. Flat-faced Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus planirostris), 199. Rosenberg’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus rosenberg), 200. Thomas's Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus watsoni), 201. Toltec Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus toltecus), 202. Pygmy Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus phaeotis), 203. Gervais’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus cinereus), 204. Andersen’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus anderseni), 205. Little Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus ravus), 206. Aztec Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus aztecus), 207. Bogota Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus bogotensis), 208. Silvery Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus glaucus), 209. Dwarf Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus gnomus), 210. Jamaican Fig-eating Bat (Ariteus flavescens), 211. Tree Bat (Ardops nichollsi), 212. Red Fruit Bat (Stenoderma rufum), 213. Wrinkle-faced Bat (Centurio senex), 214. Ipanema Broad-nosed Bat (Pygoderma bilabiatum), 215. Visored Bat (Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum), 216. Little White-shouldered Bat (Ametrida centurio), 217. Cuban Fig-eating Bat (Phyllops falcatus)

Distribution. E Colombia , S & E Venezuela , the Guianas, Brazil , E Ecuador , E Peru , and N Bolivia .