Gardnerycteris crenulatum (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803)

Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Phyllostomidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 444-583 : 502

26.

Striped Hairy-nosed Bat

Gardnerycteris crenulatum

French: Gardneryctére crénelé / German: Streifen-Haarblattnase / Spanish: Gardnericterio de nariz peluda

Other common names: Striped Spearnosed Bat

Taxonomy. Phyllostoma crenulata [sic] E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803 ,

type locality not given. Restricted by A. Cabrera in 1958 to Bahia, Brazil.

After some taxonomic changes, Cabrera in 1958 assigned crenulatum to the genus Mimon , in the subgenus Anthorhina . Several taxa have been associated with crenulatum , obscuring its relationships. Based on phylogenetic analysis, N. Hurtado and V. Pacheco in 2014 reassigned crenulatum to the new genus Gardnerycteris . Three subspecies recognized.

Subspecies and Distribution.

G.c.crenulatumE.GeoffroySaint-Hilaire,1803—EVenezuela,theGuianas,andE&SBrazil;alsoonTrinidadI.

G.c.longifoliumWagner,1843—W&CBrazil,SPeru,andNBolivia.

G. c. peruanum Thomas, 1923 — upper Amazon Basin in E & S Colombia, S Venezuela, E Ecuador, and E Peru.

Descriptive notes. Head-body 80-91 mm, tail 21-27 mm, ear 24-28 mm, hindfoot 10-14 mm, forearm 48-52 mm; weight 12-16 g. The Striped Hairy-nosed Bat is very distinctive and unlikely to be confused with any other species except Keenan's Hairynosed Bat (G. keenani). It is intermediate in size, with slender body. Basic pelage color is black or deep rich brown, with narrow, inconspicuous, yellowish cream dorsal stripe; venter is much paler, almost whitish, with orange tinges that vary geographically. Hairs on neck and bases of ears can also be orange-tinged, with pale or yellowish auricular patches. Ears are very long and pointed, sparsely covered with hairs. Noseleaf is very tall, with very strong rib;its edges are distinctly serrated or crenulated and evidently haired all along edges; however, crenulated border varies regionally and can be present only at base of lancet or all along its border. Fur is very long,soft, and silky. Face is hairy, and eyes are relatively small and black. Uropatagium is very broad. Wing membranes tend to be black. Tail is long and does not reach edge of uropatagium,instead emerging near its center. Wing is attached to foot, not the angle. Noseleaves of males and females are subtly dimorphic; females have longer noseleaves. One albino adult male was described from Tocantins, central Brazil. Dental formula for species of Gardnerycterisis12/1,C 1/1, P2/2,P 3/3 (x2) = 30. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60. Chromosomal polymorphism has been reported from the fifth largest pair of autosomes.

Habitat. Tropical lowland rainforests to tropical subhumid forests, tropical subdeciduous forests, Atlantic forests of south-eastern Brazil, and agricultural areas at low elevations.

Food and Feeding. The Striped Hairy-nosed Bat is predominantly insectivorous. Its diet includes insects such as moths, flies, and hemipterans; some small vertebrates; fruit; and pollen.

Breeding. Female Striped Hairy-nosed Bats have one young, and births are timed with onset of rainy season. Pregnant females with larges fetus have been recorded in September—October in Brazil, suggesting births occur at beginning of rainy season.

Activity patterns. Striped Hairy-nosed Bats roost in hollow trees and abandoned buildings.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. Striped Hairy-nosed Bats roost in groups of up to ten individuals.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (as Mimon crenulatum ). The Striped Hairy-nosed Bat tends to be rare throughoutits distribution and sensible to human disturbance of their habitat.

Bibliography. Cabrera (1958), Hurtado & D’Elia (2018), Hurtado & Pacheco (2014), Hurtado et al. (2015), Williams & Genoways (2008), Zortéa & Silva (2017).

Figures

24. Long-legged Bat (Macrophyllum macrophyllum), 25. Fringe-lipped Bat (Trachops cirrhosus), 26. Striped Hairy-nosed Bat (Gardnerycteris crenulatum), 27. Keenan's Hairy-nosed Bat (Gardnerycteris keenani), 28. Koepcke’s Hairy-nosed Bat (Gardnerycteris koepckeae), 29. Kalko’s Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma kalkoae), 30. Pygmy Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma brasiliense), 31. Carriker’s Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma carrikeri), 32. Schulz’s Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma schulzi), 33. Western Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma occidentale), 34. Davis's Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma evotis), 35. White-throated Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma silvicola), 36. Greater Round-eared Bat (Tonatia bidens), 37. Stripe-headed Round-eared Bat (Tonatia saurophila), 38. Pale-faced Bat (Phylloderma stenops), 39. Pale Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus discolor), 40. Lesser Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus elongatus), 41. Greater Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus hastatus), 42. Guianan Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus latifolius), 43. Woolly False Vampire Bat (Chrotopterus auritus), 44. Southern Golden Bat (Mimon bennettii), 45. Cozumelan Golden Bat (Mimon cozumelae), 46. Spectral Bat (Vampyrum spectrum)

Subspecies and Distribution. G.c.crenulatumE.GeoffroySaint-Hilaire,1803—EVenezuela,theGuianas,andE&SBrazil;alsoonTrinidadI. G.c.longifoliumWagner,1843—W&CBrazil,SPeru,andNBolivia. G. c. peruanum Thomas, 1923 — upper Amazon Basin in E & S Colombia , S Venezuela , E Ecuador , and E Peru .