Crotalaria verrucosa Linnaeus (1753: 715)

Ninkaew, Sakuntala, Balslev, Henrik, Pornpongrungrueng, Pimwadee & Chantaranothai, Pranom, 2017, Crotalaria L. (Fabaceae: Faboideae) in continental Southeast Asia, Phytotaxa 320 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

45. Crotalaria verrucosa Linnaeus (1753: 715) . Type :— SRI LANKA. Hermann Folio 3:4 (holotype searched for, but not located at BM). ( Figure 30O ).

Herb, erect, 0.5–1 m high; young branches angular, silvery puberulous. Leaves simple. Stipules falcate, 5–15 × 2–10 mm long, silvery puberulous, persistent. Petioles 2–8 mm long, silvery pubescent. Lamina ovate, 4.5–11.5 × 2.5–7 cm, base cuneate, apex acute or obtuse, margin entire, silvery puberulous upper, silvery pubescent lower; lateral veins 4–7 pairs. Inflorescences leaf-opposed or axillary, open racemes, 6–23 cm long; peduncle 2.3–8 cm long, silvery pubescent. Bracts narrowly linear, 2–3 mm long, persistent. Pedicels 3–4 mm long, silvery pubescent. Bracteoles inserted on the pedicel, narrowly linear, 0.5–1 mm long, caducous. Calyx 6–8 mm long, campanulate, bilabiate; tube 2–3 mm long; lobes triangular, 4–5 mm long, glabrous inside, silvery puberulous outside. Corolla purple. Standard: claw 2–2.5 mm long, white tomentose above and along the margin, glabrous below; blade orbicular, 11–12 × 13–14 mm, base obtuse, apex rounded, margin glabrous. Wings: claw 3–4 mm long, glabrous; blade oblong, 9–10 × 4–4.5 mm, base oblique, white pubescent, apex rounded or obtuse, margin glabrous. Keel: claw 2.5–3 mm long, glabrous; blade ovate, 9–10 × 6–6.5 mm, beak spirally twisted, base rounded, white tomentose, apex attenuate, margin white puberulous. Stamens: filaments fused for proximal 4–6 mm, free for distal 4–8 mm; anthers either narrowly linear, 2.2–2.5 mm long or oblong, 0.7–0.9 mm long. Ovary with ca. 1 mm long stipe, oblong, 7–10 mm long, brown pubescent; style 7–8 mm long, adaxially white pubescent in a single line along the distal edge, abaxially glabrous. Pods with 1–2 mm long stipe, elliptic, 3–4.5 × 0.6–0.7 cm, brown-black with brown pubescence. Seeds reniform, 3.5 − 4.3 × 3 − 3.5 mm, brown.

Representative specimens: — CAMBODIA. Phnom Penh : 11 December 1911, Lecomte & Finet 1782 ( P) . Pursat: Phnom Kravanh , 29 November 1999, Hul 814 ( P) . LAOS. Champasak: Khong , 13 October 1997, Maxwell 97- 1157 ( CMUB) . Khammouan: Houay Wang Jang , 22 October 2005, Newman et al. LAO454 ( BKF, FOF, L, P) . Luang Prabang: 18 February 1932, Poilane 20150 ( AAU) . Salavan: 21 October 1928, Poilane 16068 ( P) . Vientiane: Nong Bua , 10 October 1948, Vidal 651B ( P) . MYANMAR. No locality, September 1902, Mokim 233 ( SING) . THAILAND: Chanthaburi: Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary , 24 October 2007, Phonsena et al. 5577 ( BKF) . Chiang Mai: Mae Rim , 17 November 1998, Nanakorn et al. 12627 ( QBG) . Chon Buri: Sriracha , 8 November 1992, Maxwell 92-705 ( CMUB) . Kalasin: near border of Sakon Nakhon, along route 213, Murata T-51397 ( AAU, BKF) . Kamphaeng Phet: Mae Wong National Park , 26 October 2001, Watthana 1532 ( QBG) . Kanchanaburi: Sri Sawat , 2 November 1979, Shimizu T-21494 ( AAU, BKF) . Khon Kaen: Phu Pha Man National Park , 22 November 2007, Norsaengsri & Lakoet 3065 ( QBG) . Lampang: Chae Son, 4 November 1996, Maxwell 96-1492 ( BKF) . Lamphun: Doi Khun Tan National Park , 27 October 1994, Maxwell 94-1120 ( BKF) . Loei: Phu Kradueng National Park , 30 November 2013, Ninkaew 298 ( KKU) . Mae Hong Son: Khun Yuam , 7 April 1977, Nimanong & Phusomsaeng 1801 ( BKF) . Mahasarakham: Borabue , 20 October 1965, Sachisorn 700 ( BK) . Nan: Bo Kluea , 20 February 2014, Ninkaew 255 ( KKU) . Nakhon Ratchasima: Pak Thong Chai , 9 November 1957, Praphat 359 ( BKF) . Nakhon Sawan: Khao Tham Phet, 20 September 2003, Phonsena et al. 3978 ( BKF) . Phayao: Doi Pha Dam , 14 December 2012, La-ongsri et al. 2601 ( QBG) . Phetchabun: 13 January 1969, Vacharapong 292 ( BK) . Phetchaburi: Cha-Am, Huai Sai , 22 November 2000, Puudjaa 762 ( BKF) . Phitsanulok: Phumiang-Phuthong Wildlife Sanctuary , 18 February 2010, Romklao Botanical Garden ( QBG) . Phuket: Khao Phra Thaeo National Park , 14 December 1979, Shimizu et al. T-27220 ( BKF) . Prachin Buri: Khao Yai National Park , July-August 1966, Larsen et al. 67 ( AAU, BKF) . Prachuap Khiri Khan: 20 October 1997, Jonganurak 133 ( BCU) . Ratchaburi: Chaleam Phrakiat Thai Prachan National Park , 24 October 2014, Ninkaew 322 ( KKU) . Sa Kaeo: Aranyaprathet , 19 October 1928, Put 2054 ( BK) . Sakon Nakhon: Phu Phan National Park , 16 October 1990, Chantaranothai & Parnell 90/758 ( AAU) . Saraburi: Ban Nong Bua , October 1927, Put 1109 ( BK) . Suphan Buri: Krasiao Dam , 9 November 1992, Somprasong et al. 81 ( BK) . Tak: Bhumibol Dam , December 1995, Sanchai 613 ( BK) . Uttaradit: Mueang , 19 December 2015, Muangyen et al. 585 ( QBG) . Yala: Bannang Sata , 3 December 1966, Sangkhachand 1380 ( BKF) . VIETNAM. Dak Lak: Ban Me Thuot, Schmid 777 ( P) . Ninh Thuan: Phan Rang-Thap Cham, Cana , 28 October 1925, Poilane 12519 ( P) . Thanh Hoa: Bai Bien , 19 November 1962, Khoi 932 ( HNU) . Vinh Phuc: 27 January 1932, Poilane 19955 ( K, P) .

`Distribution: —North America, Africa, Asia ( India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam), Australia. ( Figure 28 ).

Ecology: —Field edges and open places in dry evergreen and deciduous forests with bamboo, elevation 40–1300 m.

Notes: —The diagnostic characters for C. verrucosa are its purple corolla, pubescent ovary, white tomentum at the base of the wings and brown pubescent and stipitate pods. In addition, we found that falcate stipules are a good field character for distinguishing this species.

Figures

FIGURE 28. Distribution map of Crotalaria verrucosa in continental Southeast Asia

FIGURE 30. Crotalaria in continental Southeast Asia: A & B) C. alata; C) C. albida; D) C. assamica; E) C. bracteata; F) C. chinensis; G) C. goreensis; H & I) C. incana; J & K) C. juncea; L) C. medicaginea; M) C. pallida N) C. sessiliflora and O) C. verrucosa.