Tephromela, M. CHOISY

Santos, Lidiane Alves dos, Aptroot, André, Souza, Maria Fernanda de, Lücking, Robert, Guzmán-Guillermo, Jorge & Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva, 2023, Four new species of Tephromela M. Choisy (Ascomycota, Tephromelataceae), three containing lichexanthone, from Brazil and Mexico, Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (2), pp. 11-25 : 23

KEY TO SPECIES OF TEPHROMELA M.CHOISY IN BRAZIL

The Brazilian material keying out here possibly does not represent T. alectoronica s.str. but perhaps T. aff. vinacea in our phylogenetic tree.

1. Saxicolous or muscicolous on rock or soil or lichenicolous on saxicolous Lecanora ...................................... 2

— Corticolous or on Vellozia stems or lichenicolous on corticolous Dirinaria ................................................ 10

2. Lichenicolous on saxicolous Lecanora ........................................... T. campestricola (Nyl.) Rambold & Triebel

— Saxicolous or muscicolous on rock or on soil ............................................................................................... 3

3. Apothecia with constricted base; medulla UV+ greenish-white (alectoronic and α- collatolic acids) or medulla UV+ yellow (lichexanthone) ........................................................................................................................ 4

— Apothecia margin not distinguishable from raised thallus parts (apothecia seemingly emarginate or immersed) ................................................................................................................................................... 7

4. Medulla UV+ greenish-white (alectoronic and α- collatolic acid) .............................. T. atra (Huds.) Hafellner

— Medulla UV-negative; thallus and apothecium margin UV+ yellow (lichexanthone) ................................... 5

5. Hymenium, epihymenium and subhymenium all equally reddish purple ....................................................... ..................................................................................................... T. xanthonica Guzmán-Guillermo , sp. nov.

— Subhymenium reddish; epiphymenium bluish; hymenium hyaline or mottled bluish and brownish ........... 6

6. Subhymenium reddish brown; epiphymenium and hymenium mottled bluish and brownish ......................... ...................................................................................... T. carassensis (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking , comb. nov.

— Subhymenium dark orangish brown; epiphymenium dark blue to black; hymenium hyaline ......................... .................................................................................... T. epichlorina (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking , comb. nov.

7. Apothecia (sub)convex, almost without thalline margin; thallus with black hypothallus visible between the areoles ......................................................................................................................................................... 9

— Apothecia more or less flat, in raised thallus warts; thallus continuous to rimose ......................................... 7

8. Ascospores 10-14 × 6-8 µm; medulla UV+ bluish-green (α- collatolic acid) ...................................................... ........................................................................................................................ T. buelliana (Müll. Arg.) Kalb

— Ascospores 10-11 × 6-7 µm; medulla UV- (colensoic acid) .............................................................................. ..................................................................................................................... T. colensoica Rambold & Knoph

9. Ascospores 7-10 × 3.5-4.5 µm; medulla UV+ white (loxodellonic and glomelliferic acids) .............................. .......................................................................................................................... T. matogrossensis Kalb & Elix

— Ascospores 10-12 × 8-9 µm; medulla UV+ greenish-white (alectoronic and physodic acids) ............................ .................................................................................................................................. T. immersa Kalb & Elix

10. Lichenicolous on corticolous Dirinaria ...................................... T. cerasina (Müll. Arg.) Rambold & Triebel

— Corticolous ............................................................................................................................................... 11

11. Thallus UV-, but apothecial margins may be UV+ yellow; medulla UV- or UV+ greenish-white or UV+ bluishgreen ......................................................................................................................................................... 12

— Thallus UV+ yellow (lichexanthone); ascospores 9-16 × 5-7.5 µm .............................................................. 16

12. Medulla UV- (no substances in medulla); ascospores long ellipsoid, 10-12 × 3-4 µm ...................................... .................................................................................................................................. T. americana (Fée) Kalb

— Medulla UV+ greenish-white or UV+ bluish-green; ascospores ellipsoid, at least 5 µm wide ...................... 13

13. Apothecial margin UV+ yellow (lichexanthone), medulla UV+ bluish green (α- collatolic acid); fatty acids absend; ascospores 14-16 × 5-6.5 µm .................................................... T. multireflexa Aptroot & M.F.Souza , sp. nov.

— Apothecial margin UV- or (medulla) UV+ greenish-white (alectoronic and/or physodic acids); fatty acids (TLC) present or absent ....................................................................................................................................... 14

14. Ascospores 8-10 × 5-6 µm; in mangroves .......................................................................... T. rhizophorae Kalb

— Ascospores 10-17 × 5-9 µm; in inland ecosystems ...................................................................................... 15

15. Fatty acids present (TLC); ascospores 10-13 × 5-8 µm .................................................................................... ..................................................................... T. vinacea L.A.Santos, Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres , sp. nov.

— Fatty acids absent (TLC); ascospores 12-17 × 6-9 µm .............................................. T. alectoronica Kalb s.lat.

16. On Vellozia stems; ascospores 9-12 × 5-7 µm ........................................................................ T. velloziae Kalb

— On tree bark; ascospores 14-16 × 6.5-7.5 µm .................................................................................................. ......................................................................... T. obesimarginata L.A.Santos, Aptroot & M.Cáceres , sp. nov.