Procloeon (Securiops) macafertiorum Lugo-Ortiz

Kluge, Nikita J., 2023, Redescription of the subgenus Securiops Jacobus, McCafferty & Gattolliat 2006 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae, Procloeon Bengtsson 1915), Zootaxa 5343 (3), pp. 243-272 : 255-262

Procloeon (Securiops) macafertiorum Lugo-Ortiz (in Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty) 1996

( Figs 8–17 , 66–97 )

Potamocloeon macafertiorum Lugo-Ortiz : Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1996: 178 (larva); Jacobus & McCafferty 2005: 474 (larva, partim—see falcatum ).

Securiops macafertiorum: Jacobus, McCafferty & Gattolliat 2006: 133 (larva).

Procloeon (Securiops) macafertiorum: Kluge 2022a: 161 (subimago).

Material examined. ZAMBIA: Luangwa river near Luangwa Bridge, 15°00′S, 30°13′E, 2–8.VIII.2014, coll. N. Kluge & L. Sheyko: 1 L-S-IJ, 2 L/SJ, 4 L/S ♀, 1 S-IJ, 1 IJ, 1 I ♀; Solwezi District , Mutanda Falls , 10–12.VIII.2014, coll. N. Kluge & L. Sheyko: 1 L ♀ . TANZANIA: border of Mbeya Region and Njombe Region, Great Ruaha river upstream Mfumbi (8 km E Chimala), 8°52′S, 34°05′E, 26.VII–3.VIII.2016, coll. N. Kluge & L. Sheyko: 1 LJ .

Descriptions

Larva. Briefly described by Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty (1996).

CUTICULAR COLORATION. Cuticle of anterior part of head mostly colorless. Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum with composite pattern of colorless, light brown and dark brown areas ( Fig. 68 ). Fore protopteron with colorless base and dark brown striation on convex veins iRSa, iRSa 2, iRS and on distal portions of convex veins MA 2 and iMP ( Fig. 68 ; as in Fig. 30 ). Hind protopteron brown basally, colorless at most part ( Fig. 67 ; as in Fig. 29 ). Metathoracic pleura brown, prothoracic pleura and all thoracic sterna colorless ( Fig. 67 ). Legs colorless ( Fig. 67 ). Abdominal terga with composite pattern of colorless, light brown and dark brown areas, with brown coloration most expressed on tergum VI; terga IV–V and VII–IX mostly light, with contrasting medial longitudinal stripe on anterior part ( Fig. 66 ). Abdominal sterna either nearly entirely colorless, or with contrasting brown longitudinal sublateral stripes ( Fig. 66 ). Caudalii nearly colorless, with brown bands on each 4th segment ( Fig. 66 ).

HYPODERMAL COLORATION. Not expressed; shortly before molt to subimago, subimaginal coloration becomes visible through larval cuticle (as in Figs 77–82, 86 ).

SHAPE AND SETATION. Mouthparts characteristic for Securiops (see above) (as in Figs 31–46 ). Paraglossae nearly oval, with inner margin evenly convex (as in Figs 42–43 ). Cuticle of glossae entirely colorless, as well as remainder cuticle of labium [in contrast to P. (S.) falcatum ]. Distal segment of labial palp without row of stout setae, with several stout setae near outer-distal and inner-distal corners (as in Fig. 44 ).

Legs: Femur and tibia with few, occasional, small spine-like setae. Tarsus with slender, spine-like setae on inner side ( Fig. 73 ). Claws characteristic for Securiops (see above) ( Fig. 67 ; as in Fig. 50 ).

Lateral spines present on abdominal segments V–IX, varying from 2 to 8 spines on one side ( Figs 17 , 66 ). Small posterolateral spines present on segments II–VII.

Posterior margin of abdominal tergum I smooth, without denticles; posterior margins of terga II–X with heavily sclerotized, brown, conic, sharply pointed, spine-like denticles separated by spaces wider than denticle width ( Figs 74 ); on tergum IX row of denticles interrupted medially, behind pair of submedian setae ( Fig. 76 ); projected portion of tergum X row with few larger denticles by sides, either without denticles between them, or with few smaller denticles between them ( Fig. 76 ).

Posterior margins of abdominal sterna I–IV smooth, without denticles; posterior margins of sterna VI–IX with colorless, conic, sharply pointed, spine-like denticles, smaller and denser than denticles on terga ( Fig. 75 ). Paraproct with spine-like denticles larger than denticles on sterna ( Fig. 76 ).

Scales entirely absent; all abdominal terga with numerous small, pointed, brown denticles ( Fig. 74 ); all abdominal sterna with numerous smaller, colorless denticles ( Fig. 75 ).

Besides denticles, abdominal terga and sterna with ring-like sensilla and fine setae. Fine setae vary from simple to bifid, from small to long, located sparsely and irregularly, not forming regular rows or constant pairs.

Tergalii without denticles on costal ribs; dorsal lamella present on tergalii I–VI and absent on tergalius VII, either roundish ( Figs 8–11 ), or elongate ( Figs 12–16 ). Tergalii I–VI with costal margin slightly convex, tergalius VII with costal margin sharply convex ( Fig. 17 ).

Caudalii characteristic for Procloeon /g1 and Cloeon /fg1 (see above). Spines on lateral side of cercus gradually change from shorter in proximal part of cercus to longer in its distal part ( Fig. 71 ); in distal part of cercus, spine on lateral side of each segment twice longer than next segment ( Fig. 72 ).

Subimago. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Head nearly colorless, antennal flagellum brownish on median side. Pronotum light ochre. Mesonotum mostly colorless, with contrasting brown grooves bordering anterolateral scutal costa, contrasting brown spot on prealar bridge and contrasting brown lateral sclerite of parascutellum ( Fig. 85 ). Thoracic pleura and sterna mostly colorless, with contrasting brown postsubalar sclerite with lateropostnotal crest and contrasting brown pleural suture; pleura of metathorax entirely colorless ( Fig. 84 ). Wing cuticle colorless, microtrichia ochre. Legs: femur nearly colorless, tibia and tarsus tinged with ochre. Abdominal terga medially light ochre, laterally colorless; sterna colorless. Gonostyli light ochre ( Fig. 89 ). Cerci light ochre.

TEXTURE. On legs of all pairs, all tarsal segments covered with pointed microlepides ( Fig. 70 ).

Imago, male ( Figs 77–78, 80–82 ). Head ochre. Turbinate eyes orange or yellowish. Thorax ochre with brown. Wings colorless. Pterostigma of fore wing with 5–10 complete, non-branched, oblique crossveins (as in Fig. 126 ). Hind wing narrow, with two longitudinal veins and hooked costal process ( Fig. 83 ). Legs light ochre; either all legs without maculae ( Figs 77–78 ), or fore femur with diffusive macula on outer side near base ( Fig. 86 ). Middle and hind legs with tarsus longer than tibia, with two apical spines, on initial 2nd and 3rd tarsomeres (actual 1st and 2nd tarsomeres) ( Fig. 87 ). Abdominal terga ochre with diffusive brown maculae, sterna ochre. Cerci ochre. Gonostyli and penis ochre. Penial bridge forming semicircular projection ( Figs 88, 90–91 ).

Imago, female ( Fig. 79 ). Head and thorax ochre with brown and gray. Fore tarsus 5-segmented, with two apical spines, on 2nd and 3rd tarsomeres; middle and hind tarsi 4-segmented, with two apical spines, on initial 2nd and 3rd tarsomeres (actual 1st and 2nd tarsomeres) (as in Fig. 87 ). Coloration of wings, legs, abdomen and cerci as in male.

Egg. Oval; chorion with even convex relief in form of net with isohedric cells ( Figs 92–97 ).

Dimension. Fore wing length 5 mm.

Notes. Larva of P. (S.) macafertiorum is similar to the larva determined here as P. (S.) falcatum , but well differs from it by absence of scales on all abdominal terga and sterna ( Figs 74–75 . It can be also recognized by some difference in cuticular coloration of abdominal terga. According to the original description of macafertiorum [ Potamocloeon ], its ́terga 4, 5, and 7–9 pale yellow-brown, with median brown speck anteriorly» ( Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1996: 178); this feature of cuticular coloration ( Figs 66, 69 ) allows to distinguish this species from P. (S.) falcatum , in which at least terga IV and VII have no such median brown speck ( Figs. 26 ).

Original description of P. (S.) macafertiorum was based on a single larva. The holotype is deposited in Purdue Entomological Research Collection, West Lafayette, Indiana. Luke Jacobus kindly examined the holotype and revealed that all its abdominal terga lack scales and are densely covered with small denticles (as in Fig. 74 ).

In the original description (which was based on a single larva) Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty (1996) wrote that ́Maxillae ( Fig. 6 ) with four to five elongate sharp denticles on galealaciniae». Actually, maxilla of this species invariantly bears 3 apical canines and 3 dentisetae, as other representatives of Securiops (as in Figs 36–38 ).

Figures

FIGURES 1–24. Right tergalii of Securiops with dorsal lamella turned out. 1–7, Procloeon (Securiops) falcatum, tergalii I–VII; 8–17, two individuals of P. (S.) macafertiorum: 8–11, tergalii I–II and V–VII; 12–16, tergalii I–V; 17, the same individual, margins of abdominal segments VII–IX with tergalius VII in natural position; 18–24, P. (S.) primasia, tergalii I–VII.

FIGURES 66–69. Larvae of Procloeon (Securiops) macafertiorum. 66–68, larval exuviae (with same magnification): 66, abdominal terga and sterna; 67, thoracic sterna, pleura, halves of metanotum with hind protoptera and right legs (arrows show hind protoptera); 68, half of pronotum and mesonotum; 69, last instar male larva.

FIGURES 70–76. Procloeon (Securiops) macafertiorum. 70, subimaginal exuviae: apex of tibia and base of tarsus of fore leg of male; 71–76, larval exuviae: 71, caudalii; 72, fragment of cercus; 73, fragment of fore tarsus; 74, abdominal tergum IV; 75, abdominal sternum V; 76, abdominal tergum X, paraproct and margin of tergum IX.

FIGURES 77–87. Procloeon (Securiops) macafertiorum. 77, 78, male imagines; 79, female imago; 80–87, parts of male imago and subimago reared from larva: 80–81, head and thorax; 82, abdomen; 83, hind wing; 84, subimaginal exuviae of thoracic pleura; 85, subimaginal exuviae of half of mesonotum; 86–87, fore and hind legs. Abbreviations: cx2, cx3, coxae of middle and hind legs; lpnc, lateropostnotal crest; mtpl, pleurite of metathorax; pls, pleural suture; psa, postsubalar sclerite.

FIGURES 88–91. Procloeon (Securiops) macafertiorum. 88, genitalia of male imago reared from larva; 89, its subimaginal exuviae; 90, genitalia of another specimen, ventral view; 91, the same, with focus on penis.

FIGURES 92–97. Procloeon (Securiops) macafertiorum, eggs extracted from mature larva.

FIGURES 25–30. Procloeon (Securiops) falcatum. 25–28, larval exuviae (with same magnification): 25, abdominal sterna; 26, abdominal terga; 27, half of pronotum and mesonotum; 28, fore leg; 29, exuviae of metanotum with hind protoptera, left metapleuron and 1st abdominal tergum, enlarged; 30, fore protopteron, to show correspondence between cuticular coloration and veins visible inside.

FIGURES 31–39. Procloeon (Securiops) falcatum, larval mouthparts. 31, apex of labrum, ventral view; 32, labrum, dorsal view; 33, apex of labrum, enlarged; 34–35, left and right mandibles; 36, maxilla; 37–38, apex of maxilla with focus on ventral and dorsal sides; 39, hypopharynx with superlinguae.Abbreviations: can, maxillary canines; ds1, ds2, ds3, 1st–3rd dentisetae,

FIGURES 40–46. Procloeon (Securiops) falcatum, labium. 40, integral labium; 41–46, parts of exuviae: 41, glossae and paraglossae, ventral view; 42, half of labium of another individual (ventral setae of glossae directed distally); 43, the same individual, with ventral setae of glossae directed proximally; 44, distal segments of labial palp; 45–46, enlarged glossae in ventral and dorsal view (ventral setae directed distally). Abbreviations: m2-3, muscle going from 2nd palpomere to base of 3rd palpomere; pm1, pm2, pm3, 1st–3rd palpomeres; s.d, dorsal setae of glossae; s.v, ventral setae of glossa.

FIGURES 47–52. Procloeon (Securiops) falcatum, larva. 47, articulation of femur and tibia of fore leg, dorsal view; 48, the same, compressed to show junction of patella-tibial suture with row of fine hairs; 49, fragment of tarsus; 50, claw; 51, abdominal tergum X and margin of tergum IX; 52, abdominal tergum X and paraprocts.

FIGURES 126–136. Procloeon (Securiops) primasia. 126–127, male imagines; 128, female imago; 129, subimaginal exuviae of half of mesonotum; 130, subimaginal exuviae of thoracic pleura; 131–133, fore leg of female imago; 134–136, its middle leg. Abbreviations: cx2, cx3, coxae of fore, middle and hind legs; lpnc, lateropostnotal crest; mtpl, pleurite of metathorax; pls, pleural suture; psa, postsubalar sclerite.