Chrysymenia ventricosa (J.V. Lamouroux) J. Agardh 1842 , p. 106

Schmidt, W. E., Gurgel, C. F. D. & Fredericq, S., 2016, Taxonomic Transfer of the Red Algal Genus Gloiosaccion to Chrysymenia (Rhodymeniaceae, Rhodymeniales), Including the Description of a New Species, Chrysymenia pseudoventricosa, for the Gulf of Mexico, Phytotaxa 243 (1), pp. 54-70 : 60-62

Chrysymenia ventricosa (J.V. Lamouroux) J. Agardh 1842, p. 106

Figures 3–8

TYPE LOCALITY: “In Mari Gaditano.Ad oras maris Mediterranei Galliae” (from sea around the Straits of Gibraltar, on shores of Spanish Mediterranean Sea)

TYPE MATERIAL: Mediterranean, no indication about collector, ( C 19/f 33), grey label ( Fig. 3 ) is by the hand of Lamouroux; extra label written by J. F. Chauvin, his successor at Caen (Dr. Chantal Ballard, pers. comm.) mentions Fistularia ventricosa , a cornetfish ( Fistularia Linnaeus 1758 ). The independence of botanical and zoological nomenclature of F. fistularia is moot since the algal name was not formally described.

BASIONYM: Dumontia ventricosa J.V. Lamouroux 1813, p. 45 , pl. 4, fig. 6

SYNONYMS: Halymenia ventricosa (J.V. Lamouroux) C. Agardh 1822, p. 212

Chrysymenia digitata Zanardini 1863, p. 287

Chrysymenia ventricosa var. digitata (Zanardini) Hauck 1883, p. 159

MATERIAL EXAMINED: carposporophytic specimen, Cap Oullestreil, Côte des Albères, Pyrénées, Mediterranean France, 17.vii.84, coll. M.D. Guiry, Fig. 4 . See Table 1.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean. The occurrence of C. ventricosa outside this area is doubtful (Florida, Greater and Lesser Antilles, Southern Caribbean, Bermuda, Canary Islands, Venezuela, French Polynesia; see records in Taylor 1960, Littler and Littler 2000, Payri et al. 2000).

HABIT, VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURE: The type specimen of C. ventricosa ( Fig. 3 ) was not available for study, and only a dried herbarium specimen that lacked the basal part of a stipe and holdfast ( Fig. 4 ) was analyzed. The thallus, about 17 cm tall, erect, terete to moderately compressed ( Figs. 3–4 ), consists of a leading axis bearing alternate to opposite lateral side branches appearing sparsely but broadly pinnulate, giving the thallus a digitate appearance ( Figs 3, 4 ). None of the side branches are constricted at their base ( Figs. 3, 4 ). The thallus surface is completely corticated ( Fig. 5 ), composed of two-to-three cortical cell layers of small roundish cells ( Fig. 7 ) subtended by a layer of elongate, narrow subcortical cells and two medullary layers of large hyaline cells ( Fig. 7 ). The elongate, periclinal subcortical cells are readily visible from a surface view ( Fig. 5 ). Pyriform gland cells ( Fig. 6 ) are pinched off singly and thallus inward from the peripheral cytoplasm of any unmodified subcortical or medullary cell ( Fig. 6 ), with several gland cells of different sizes typically cut off from a single vegetative cell ( Fig. 6 ). Ostiolate, hemispherical carposporophytes are scattered over the thallus surface ( Fig. 4 ) and protrude from the surface. Mature carposporophytes reach about 0.8 cm in diameter, and lack an enveloping network of filaments around the globular mass of carposporangia ( Fig. 8 ). Male and tetrasporangial thalli were not seen.

REPRESENTATIVE SEQUENCES: KT154745 (rbc L), KT154732 (LSU), KT154707 (UPA).

Figures

FIGURES 3–8. Chrysymenia ventricosa (J.V. Lamouroux) J. Agardh. 3) Habit of type specimen from the Mediterranean, in Lamouroux Herbarium, Caen. 4) Habit of carposporophytic specimen from Cap Oullestreil, Côte des Albères, Mediterranean France. Scale bar 2 cm. 5) Surface view showing elongate subcortical cells (arrow) below surface cells. Scale bar 30 μm. 6) Cross section showing multiple, solitary gland cells (arrow) at periphery of a medullary cell. Scale bar 60 μm. 7) Longitudinal section showing layer of narrow, periclinal subcortical cells (arrows) subtending a cortex of 2–3 layers of small roundish cells; and large, hyaline medullary cells. Scale bar 50 μm. 8) Cross section through mature carposporophyte. Scale bar 200 μm.