Centris (Wagenknechtia) rhodophthalma Pérez, 1911

Vivallo, Felipe, 2013, Revision of the bee subgenus Centris (Wagenknechtia) Moure, 1950 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini), Zootaxa 3683 (5), pp. 501-537 : 517-520

Centris (Wagenknechtia) rhodophthalma Pérez, 1911

( Figures 21−24 and 41 )

Centris rhodophthalma Pérez, 1911 . 15: 55, 56 (Original description). Snelling & Brooks, 1985. 369: 19 (Cleptoparasites). Toro, 1986a. 57: 83 (Distribution, bionomics). Montalva & Ruz, 2010. 35: 45 (List, distribution). Sérsic & Cocucci, 1999. 194: 717 (Floral record, male behaviour (misidentification of Centris vardyorum )). Tadey, 2011. 59: 399, 402 (Floral record, male behaviour (misidentification of C. vardyorum )).

Centris (Wagenknechtia) rhodophthalma ; Simpson et al., 1977. 247: 151 (Floral record, distribution). Toro, 1986b. 13: 127 (Distribution). Cocucci et al., 1996. 34: 191 (Floral record). Vivallo et al., 2003: 79 (Cited). Rocha-Filho et al., 2009. 26: 301 (Cleptoparasite).

Centris rodophthalma [sic]; Simpson, 1989. 14: 409−411 (Distribution, floral record, descriptive note, cited, figure of a female on plant host). Chiappa, 1998. 22: 87−91 (Cited, taxonomy, redescription, distribution, floral records, key, note, figures of morphology of adults). Chiappa, 2000. 46: 19, 21−25 (Cited, figures of immature stages and cells, bionomics, descriptive note of cell and larva, morphology, comparison with Centris caesalpiniae Cockerell, 1897 , C. tamarugalis Toro & Chiappa, 1989 and C. violacea Lepeletier, 1841 ). Chiappa et al., 2000. 24: 20−25, 27 (Distribution, floral records, figures of nest, cells and flying male behaviour, nest architecture, bionomics, parasite, nesting and adult behaviour, cited, comparison with C. nigerrima and C. cineraria ). Chiappa et al., 2000. 64: 134−137 (Cited, bionomics, floral records, distribution, morphology, figures of collecting behaviour).

Comments. Both sexes of this species were redescribed by Chiappa (1998) and Vivallo et al. (2002). Here only diagnostic characters that permit identification of both sexes are given.

Diagnosis. Both sexes with dark brown integument on head, legs and mesosoma ( Figs. 21–24 ). Metasoma with bluish violet metallic reflections ( Figs. 22 and 24 ). Body completely covered with brownish pilosity. Compound eyes red in live specimens. Female: fore elaiospathe with the anterior comb starting below the strigilis and extending to the apex of the forebasitarsus. Both elaiospathes with overlapping hairs.

This species is similar to Centris vardyorum . Both species share the dark pilosity on the body and the bluish violet metallic reflections on metasoma, along with the red eyes of the females in living specimens. They differ in the shape of the labrum (semicircular in C. rhodophthalma ( Figs. 21 and 23 ); triangular in C. vardyorum ( Figs. 25 and 27 )). The females differ mainly in the morphology of the fore elaiospathe (with compact primary and secondary combs and disposed along the basitarsus in Centris rhodophthalma ; highly modified, forming a short comb disposed on the upper margin with short, dense and branched hairs on the ventral surface of the basitarsus in C. vardyorum ( Fig. 33 )). The males differ in the color of the eyes in living specimens (red in C. rhodophthalma ; green in C. vardyorum ).

Type material. Holotype female ( MNHP, examined). Type locality. Chile: III Atacama Region: Chañarcillo. Floral records. See table 1.

Distribution. This species occurs exclusively in Chile, from III Atacama Region (Parque Nacional Llanos de Challe) to V Valparaíso Region (Putaendo). CHILE: ( Moure, 1950; Toro, 1986a; Simpson et al., 1977; Montalva & Ruz, 2010). III ATACAMA: Chañarcillo ( Pérez, 1911; Wagenknecht, 1971; Simpson, 1989; Chiappa, 1998). Cuesta Pajonales, La Travesía, Las Juntas, Los Loros, Totoral ( Chiappa, 1998; Vivallo et al., 2002). *Cachiyuyo, *Chañaral de Aceituno, *Copiapó, *Domeyko, *Parque Nacional Llanos de Challe, *Quebrada Cóndores, *Vallenar. IV COQUIMBO: Andacollito (Chiappa et al., 2000; Chiappa & Rodríguez, 2001). El Pangue (Chiappa, 2000). Hurtado ( Wagenknecht, 1939; Chiappa et al., 2000; Chiappa & Rodríguez, 2001). Illapel ( Wagenknecht, 1971), Paihuano, Pisco Elqui ( Wagenknecht, 1939; Ruiz, 1940), Alcohuás, Balala, Cochiguás, Combarbalá, El Tofo, La Higuera, Las Breas, Los Choros, Los Molles, Pajaritos ( Chiappa, 1998; Vivallo et al., 2002). Cuesta del Almendro, Monte Grande ( Wagenknecht, 1939). Puntilla de Diaguitas ( Wagenknecht, 1939; Ruiz, 1940; Chiappa, 1998). Río Claro, Río Cochiguaz (Monte Grande) ( Ruiz, 1940). Varillar ( Chiappa, 1998, 2000; Chiappa et al., 2000; Chiappa & Rodríguez, 2001; Vivallo et al., 2002). Vicuña ( Wagenknecht, 1939; Toro, 1986b; Chiappa, 1998). *Algarrobal, *Chañares, *Condoriaco, *El Chacay, *El Molle, *Guampulla, *Incahuasi, *La Serena, *Las Cardas, *Los Hornos, *Río Turbio. * V VALPARAÍSO: Coimas, Putaendo.

Material examined. CHILE: III ATACAMA: 1 female: Type \ Chañarcillo\ Centris rhodophthalma JP ( MNHP). 11 females: On Dinemagonum gayanum \ Chile, Region III P. N. Llanos de Challe 6.X.2002 J. Grixti & A. Zayed ( PCYU). 2 males and 1 female: Camino Domeyko 24/09/1977 O. León, leg ( MNHN). 1 male: Cachiyuyo 24/09/1972 Sielfeld, col\ Coll: Sielfeld/ MNHN Chile ( MNHN). 1 male: Vallenar 13/10/1972 M. Pino, col\ Coll: Sielfeld/ MNHN Chile ( MNHN). 1 male: Atacama Las Juntas 09/1968 F. Ramírez, col ( PUCV). 1 female: Vallenar 20/10/1988 H. Vargas C. y D. Bobadilla G., col ( IDEA). 1 male: III R. Las Juntas 05/10/1982 V. Farías, col ( PUCV). 1 male: III R. Las Juntas 05/10/1982 H. Toro, col ( PUCV). 1 male: III R. Las Juntas 05/10/1982 Montenegro, col ( PUCV). 1 female: Atacama Copiapó 03/10/1972, J. Neff, col ( PUCV). 1 female: Atacama Qda. Cóndores 09/10/1977 Balart, col ( PUCV). 1 female: Atacama Qda. Cóndores 09/10/1977 L. Ruz, col ( PUCV). 1 female: Atacama Qda. Cóndores 09/10/1977 V. Cabezas, col ( PUCV). 1 female: Totoral 06/10/1982 B. Dyer, col ( PUCV). 1 male: Las Juntas 05/10/82 Montenegro, col ( PUCV). 1 male: Travesía 11/10/1987 E. Chiappa, col ( PUCV). 2 females: Las Juntas 09/1968 De la Hoz, col ( PUCV). 1 male: Atacama Las Juntas 09/1968 F. Ramírez, col ( PUCV). 1 female: Chañaral de Aceituno 10/1858. L. Peña, col ( DZUP). 1 female: Coquimbo Los Loros 22/09/ 1984 O. Martínez, col ( PUCV). 6 females: Pajonales 16/10/1947 ( MNHN). 1 female: Pajonales 24/10/1947 / Coquimbo Chile Wagenknecht ( PUCV). IV COQUIMBO: 1 male: Las Cardas 17/08/1946 ( MNHN). 1 male: Las Cardas 23/09/1947 G. Kuschel, col ( MNHN). 1 male: Vicuña 14/09/1938 ( DZUP). 1 female: Vicuña 12/09/1938 ( DZUP). 1 female: Coquimbo El Molle 350 msnm. 21/09/1973 H. Vásquez C., col ( IDEA). 2 males: Coquimbo El Molle 350 msnm. 20/09/1973 A. Aguilera, col ( IDEA). 1 female: Paihuano 01/10/1935 ( MNHN). 1 male: Vicuña 13/09/1939 ( MNHN). 1 female: Coquimbo 10/12/1946 Wagenknecht, leg ( MNHN). 1 male: La Serena 11/10/1947, G. Kuschel, col ( MNHN). 1 female: El Pangue 18/09/1948 ( MNHN). 1 female: El Tofo 21/10/1967 B. W. H., col ( MNHN). 2 females: Incahuasi 10/1970 Sielfeld, col\ Coll: Sielfeld/ MNHN Chile ( MNHN). 1 male: Coquimbo Incahuasi 09/1968 De la Hoz, col ( PUCV). 1 male: Coquimbo Incahuasi 09/1968 L. Ruz, col ( PUCV). 1 male: Coquimbo Incahuasi 09/1968 Montenegro, col ( PUCV). 1 male: Coquimbo Vicuña 09/1968 De la Hoz col ( PUCV). 2 males: Coquimbo Vicuña 09/1968 H. Toro, col ( PUCV). 4 males: Coquimbo Incahuasi 09/1968 H. Toro, col ( PUCV). 5 males: Coquimbo Vicuña 09/1968 L. Ruz, col ( PUCV). 2 males and 1 female: Coquimbo Vicuña 09/1968 H. Toro, col ( PUCV). 1 male: Coquimbo Vicuña 09/1968 De la Hoz, col ( PUCV). 5 males: Coquimbo Vicuña 09/1968 L. Ruz, col ( PUCV). 5 females: Coquimbo Vicuña 09/1968 L. Ruz, col ( PUCV). 1 female and 2 males: Coquimbo Vicuña 09/1968 Montenegro, col ( PUCV). 1 female: Coquimbo Vicuña 09/1968 Ramírez, col ( PUCV). 1 male and 1 female: Coquimbo Incahuasi 09/1968 L. Ruz, col ( PUCV). 4 males and 1 female: Coquimbo Incahuasi 09/1968 H. Toro, col ( PUCV). 1 male and 1 female: Coquimbo Incahuasi 09/1968 De la Hoz, col ( PUCV). 2 males and 4 females: Coquimbo Vicuña 09/1968 H. Toro, col ( PUCV). 5 females and 1 male: Coquimbo Vicuña 09/1968 De la Hoz, col ( PUCV). 2 females: Coquimbo Incahuasi 22/09/1970 De la Hoz, col ( PUCV). 1 female: Coquimbo Incahuasi 22/09/1970 H. Toro, col ( PUCV). 1 female: Coquimbo Incahuasi 22/ 09/1970 V. Cabezas, col ( PUCV). 1 male: Coquimbo El Pangue 10/1972 H. Toro, col ( PUCV). 4 males: Coquimbo El Pangue 10/1972 O. Martínez, col ( PUCV). 4 males and 1 female: Coquimbo El Pangue 10/1972 V. Cabezas, col\ en Stachys serrata ( PUCV). 7 males: Coquimbo El Pangue 10/1972 V. Cabezas, col\ en Adesmia melanthes ( PUCV). 4 males: Coquimbo El Pangue 10/1972 L. Ruz, col\ en Stachys serrata ( PUCV). 5 males: Coquimbo El Pangue 10/1972 L. Ruz, col\ en Adesmia melanthes ( PUCV). 2 females: Algarrobal 800 msnm. 10/09/1973 H.

Vásquez C., col ( IDEA). 1 female: El Molle 350 msnm. 19/09/1973 H. Vásquez C., col ( IDEA). 1 female and 1 male: El Molle 350 msnm. 21/09/1973 H. Vásquez C., col ( IDEA). 1 female: Pisco Elqui 1300 msnm. 23/09/1973 H. Vázquez C., col ( IDEA). 1 male: Río Turbio 11/11/1939 ( MNHN). 1 female: Coquimbo Qda. Los Choros 12/10/ 1977 V. Cabezas, col ( PUCV). 1 male: El Pangue Coquimbo 13/10/1977 De la Hoz, col ( PUCV). 1 male: El Pangue Coquimbo 13/10/1977 Magunacelaya, col ( PUCV). 2 males: El Pangue Coquimbo 13/10/1977 Balart, col ( PUCV). 1 male: Coquimbo Las Breas 17/10/1979 L. Ruz, col ( PUCV). 13 males: Coquimbo Las Breas 17/10/ 1979 Magunacelaya, col ( PUCV). 1 female: Coquimbo Las Breas 17/10/1979 / Chile leg. H. Toro ( PUCV). 1 female: Coquimbo Las Breas 17/10/1979 H. Toro, col ( PUCV). 1 male: Coquimbo Las Breas 23/09/1980 V. Cabezas, col ( PUCV). 1 male: Coquimbo Las Breas 26/09/1980 H. Donoso, col ( PUCV). 1 male: Incahuasi 10/10/ 1981 B. Dyer, col ( PUCV). 1 male: Incahuasi 10/10/1981 H. Burgos, col ( PUCV). 1 female: Coquimbo Incahuasi 10/10/1981 H. Burgos, col ( PUCV). 2 females: Coquimbo Incahuasi 10/10/1981 O. Martínez, col ( PUCV). 1 female: Coquimbo Chañares 12/09/1984, H. Toro, col ( PUCV). 1 male: El Pangue 10/1987 De la Hoz, col ( PUCV). 1 male: Hurtado 10/1987 O. Martínez, col ( PUCV). 1 female: El Tofo 10/1987 E. Chiappa, col ( PUCV). 1 female: Incahuasi 22/09/1980 Toro (col) ( PUCV). 1 male: Incahuasi 14/10/1988 E. Chiappa, col ( PUCV). 1 male: Incahuasi 14/10/1988 V. Cabezas, col ( PUCV). 13 females: Coquimbo Incahuasi 14/10/1988 V. Cabezas, col ( PUCV). 2 females: Coquimbo Incahuasi 14/10/1988 L. Ruz, col ( PUCV). 5 females: Coquimbo Incahuasi 14/10/ 1988 E. Chiappa, col ( PUCV). 1 female: Coquimbo Incahuasi 14/10/1988 H. Toro, col ( PUCV). 1 female: IV Región Incahuasi 14/10/1988 \ M. Rojas col. Chile ( PUCV). 1 female: Chile Region IV Guampulla SW. of Samo Alto 19.x.01 Packer & Fraser ( PCYU). 2 females: Vicuña 11/1994. D. Bobadilla, col ( IDEA). 1 female: Chile Region IV 2–4 km S Vicuna HWY 41 9.X.01 Packer & Fraser ( PCYU). 1 female: Codoriaco 20/11/1968 ( MNHN). 1 male: Condoriaco 17/08/1946 ( MNHN). 1 female: On Loasa tricolor \ Chile, Region IV El Chacay S29°40.05 W71°09.88’ 24.x.2002 J. Grixti & A. Zayed ( PCYU). 1 female: On Loasa tricolor \ Chile Region IV PanAm N. Los Hornos S29°34.89’ W 71°14.50’ 9.X.2002 J. Grixti & A. Zayed ( PCYU). V VALPARAÍSO: 2 males: Coimas 15/09/1974 \ Coll: Sielfeld/ MNHN Chile ( MNHN). 2 males and 1 female: Putaendo 17/09/2001 F. Vivallo, col ( MNRJ).

Figures

FIGURE 41. Distribution records for Centris moldenkei Toro & Chiappa, 1989, C. rhodophthalma Pérez, 1911 and C. vardyorum Roig-Alsina, 2000.

FIGURES 21 – 24. Centris rhodophthalma Pérez, 1911. Fig. 21. Female (El Pangue, Chile): Head, frontal view. Fig. 22. Habitus, lateral view. Fig. 23. Male (El Pangue, Chile): Head, frontal view. Fig. 24. Habitus, lateral view. Scale bars 1 mm.

FIGURES 25 – 28. Centris vardyorum Roig-Alsina, 2000. Fig. 25. Female (El Challao, Argentina): Head, frontal view. Fig. 26. Habitus, lateral view. Fig. 27. Male (El Challao, Argentina): Head, frontal view. Fig. 28. Habitus, lateral view. Scale bars 1 mm.

FIGURES 29 – 34. Oil-collecting structures. Figs. 29, 31 and 33. Fore elaiospathes. Figs. 30, 32 and 34. Hind elaiospathes. Figs. 29 and 30. Centris cineraria Smith, 1854. Scale bars 500 µm. Figs. 31 and 32. Centris moldenkei Toro & Chiappa, 1989. Scale bars 200 µm. Figs. 33 and 34. Centris vardyorum Roig-Alsina, 2000. Scale bars 500 µm.