Helix (Helix) pomatia LINNAEUS, 1758

Neubert, Eike, 2014, Revision of Helix LINNAEUS, 1758 in its eastern Mediterranean distribution area, and reassignment of Helix godetiana KOBELT, 1878 to Maltzanella HESSE, 1917 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Helicidae), Contributions to Natural History 26, pp. 1-200 : 8-21

Helix (Helix) pomatia LINNAEUS, 1758 ( Figs 1–23 )

1758 Helix pomatia LINNAEUS , Systema Naturae, 10. edition: 771.

1774 Helix pomaria O. F. MÜLLER, Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium II: 45 [a name for left coiled Helix pomatia ].

1774 Helix scalaris O. F. MÜLLER, Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium II: 113 [a name for scalarid forms of Helix pomatia ].

1831 Pomatia antiquorum LEACH in Turton, A manual of the land and fresh-water shells of the British Islands: 45. Type locality: not given [title: "British Islands"]. Nomen nudum (in synonymy of Helix pomatia LINNAEUS, 1758 ).

1838 Helix pomatia var. d fasciata PORRO, Malacologia terrestre e fluviale della provincia Comasca: 44 [nomen nudum].

1838 Helix pomatia var. a gigantea PORRO, Malacologia terrestre e fluviale della provincia Comasca: 44 [nomen nudum].

1844 Helicogena pomatia var. gesneri HARTMANN , Erd- und Süsswasser-Gasteropoden der Schweiz: 100, Taf. 20, fig. 2 [no locality].

1844 Helicogena pomatia var. rustica HARTMANN , Erd- und Süsswasser-Gasteropoden der Schweiz: 100, Taf. 29, Fig. 2 [no locality].

1844 Helicogena pomatia var. sphaeralis HARTMANN , Erd- und Süsswasser-Gasteropoden der Schweiz: 105, Taf. 29, Fig. 2 [Rheinwald, etwas hÖher als Nufenen].

1844 Helicogena inflata HARTMANN , Erd- und Süsswasser-Gasteropoden der Schweiz: 105, Taf. 29, Fig. 2 [Fusse des Lukmanier].

1855 Helix pomatia quinquefasciata MOQUIN-TANDON, Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de France: 179 [no locality].

1855 Helix pomatia brunnea MOQUIN-TANDON, Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de France: 179 [no locality].

1855 Helix pomatia albida MOQUIN-TANDON, Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de France: 179 [no locality].

1855 Helix pomatia grandis MOQUIN-TANDON, Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de France: 179 [no locality].

1855 Helix pomatia parva MOQUIN-TANDON, Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de France: 179 [no locality].

1880 Helix pomatia var. compacta HAZAY, Malakozoologische Blätter, N.F. 3: 43, Taf. II, Fig. 2 [Gestrüppe der Berglehnen].

1880 Helix pomatia var. Pulskyana HAZAY, Malakozoologische Blätter, N.F. 3: 44, Taf. I, Fig. 2 [Lebt auf den Inseln der Donau].

1880 Helix pomatia var. Hajnaldiana HAZAY, Malakozoologische Blätter, N.F. 3: 45, Taf. II, Fig. 4 [im botanischen Garten].

1880 Helix pomatia var. solitaria HAZAY, Malakozoologische Blätter, N.F. 3: 45 [Lebt in Gärten der Ebene] [non Helix solitaria POIRET, 1801 , nec Helix solitaria SAY, 1818 ].

1880 Helix pomatia var. sabulosa HAZAY, Malakozoologische Blätter, N.F. 3: 45, Taf. II, Fig. 6 [Lebt an feuchten schattigen Orten der Ebene].

1882 Helix promaeca BOURGUIGNAT in Locard, Prodrome de Malacologie FranÇaise: 303 [Coire (Grisons, Suisse)].

1882 Helix pyrgia BOURGUIGNAT in Locard, Prodrome de Malacologie FranÇaise: 305 [Vosges, Remiremont; Troyes; Villemur].

1884 Helix eusarcosoma SERVAIN, Annales de Malacologie, I : 350 [nom. nov. pro Helix pomatia var. solitaria HAZAY 1880 non Helix solitaria POIRET, 1801 , nec Helix solitaria SAY, 1818 ].

1885 Helix pomatia var. radiata ULICNY, Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Brünn 23: 162 [Mähren: Punkwa-valley].

1885 Helix pomatia var. lagarinae ADAMI, Bullettino della Società Malacologica Italiana 11: 219 [Valle Lagarina nel Trentino (V. Adige) sale Ano ad oltre i 1300 m].

1886 Helix (Helicogena) pomatia L. var. Thessalica O. BOETTGER, Jahrbücher der deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 13: 56 [ Griechenland, Pilion, village Makrinitza close to Volo].

1888 Helix pomatia var. lednicensis BRANCSIK, Nachrichtsblatt der deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 20: 117 [Ruine Lednicz].

1888 Helix segalaunica SAYN, Bulletins de la Société malacologique de France 5: 142 [Peyrus].

1890 (Helix) pomatia var. piceata GREDLER, Nachrichtsblatt der deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 22: 154 [Arco].

1891 Helix pomatia var. banatica KIMAKOWICZ, Verhandlungen und Mitteilungen des siebenbürgischen Vereins für Naturwissenschaften 40: 86 [non Helix banatica ROSSMÄSSLER, 1838 ].

1892 Helix (Helicogena) pomatia var. gratiosa GREDLER, Nachrichtsblatt der deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 24: 174 [Franciscanerkloster "Alle grazie" unweit des bekannten Kurortes Arco im Sarcathale].

1906 Helix (Helicogena) pomatia forma fasciata KOBELT, Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet VI: 243, Taf. 360, Fig. 1, 2 [Esino, Val Camonica].

1906 Helix (Helicogena) pomatia forma pygmaea KOBELT, Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet VI: 246, Taf. 360, Fig. 8 [Wiesbaden, Steinbruch hinter der Hammermühle].

1906 Helix (Helicogena) pomatia var. pannonica KOBELT, Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet VI : 249, Taf. 361, Fig. 8 , Taf. 363, Fig. 5, 6 [Budapest].

1906 Helix (Helicogena) pomatia var. luteola KOBELT, Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet VI : 249, Taf. 361, Fig. 11, 12 [Umgebung von Budapest].

1906 Helix (Helicogena) pomatia var. kapellae KOBELT, Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet VI : 251, Taf. 362, Fig. 4 [Kapella Gebirge] [= 45.27 14.97, main summit Bjelolasica].

1906 Helix (Helicogena) pomatia var. serbica KOBELT, Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet VI : 252, Taf. 363, Fig. 1, 2 [Maidanek = Madjanpek 44.42 21.94].

1906 Helix (Helicogena) pomatia var. expansilabris KOBELT, Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet VI : 253, Taf. 363, Fig.3, 4 [Lower Hungary].

1906 Helix (Helicogena) pomatia var. elsae KOBELT, Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet VI : 254, Taf. 363, Fig. 7, 8 [nahe Bukarest].

1906 Helix (Helicogena) pomatia var. christinae KOBELT, Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet VI : 255, Taf. 364, Fig. 1, 2 [Runku über Bukarest].

1906 Helix (Helicogena) pomatia var. dobrudschae KOBELT, Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet VI : 256, Taf. 364, Fig. 3, 4 [ Rumania, Dobrudscha: Comana Vlasca].

1906 Helix (Helicogena) pomatia var. rhodopensis KOBELT, Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet VI : 257, Taf. 364, Fig. 5, 6 [Slope of the Rhodope Mountains at Philippopel].

1906 Helix (Helicogena) pomatia var. costellata KOBELT, Iconographie der Land- und Süsswassermollusken 2 (13): 4, Taf. 333, Fig. 277 [Markt in Bukarest].

1906 Helix (Helicogena) pomatia var. transsylvanica KOBELT, Iconographie der Land- und Süsswassermollusken 2 (13): 5, Taf. 333, Fig. 279 [Markt in Bukarest].

1906 Helix (Helicogena) pomatia var. claudiensis KOBELT, Iconographie der Land- und Süsswassermollusken 2 (13): 5, Taf. 333, Fig. 280 [Klausenburg].

1907 Helix (Helicogena) pomatia var. pedemontana KOBELT, Iconographie der Land- und Süsswassermollusken 2 (13): 8, Taf. 335, Fig. 2085 [? Piemont].

1920 Helix pomatia burmesteri BLUME, Archiv für Molluskenkunde 52 (2): 90 [Südhänge des Brena (2100 m) … HÖhe von 15–1700 m … Brena … zirka 30 km westlich von Gjewgjelii im Wardartal].

1920 Helix pomatia brenaensis BLUME, Archiv für Molluskenkunde 52 (2): 91 [Südhänge des Brena (2100 m) … HÖhe von 15–1700 m … Brena … zirka 30 km westlich von Gjewgjelii im Wardartal].

Type specimens:

expansilabris: holotype SMF 9538 ( Zilch 1952: 163): H = 44.1; D = 45.5; PH = 39.5; PD = 26; PrD = 5.4; W = 5.25. lednicensis: syntype SMF 9534/2a ( Zilch 1952: 163): H = 38.2; D = 38.3; PH = 27.2; PD = 22.2; PrD = 5.3; W = 4.75. pulskyana: syntype SMF 9525/2a ( Zilch 1952: 164): H = 41,9; D = 36.6; PH = 25,9; PD =20,9; PrD = 5.3; W = 5.25. compacta: syntype SMF 9573 ( Zilch 1952: 164): H = 52.4; D = 50.07; PH = 35.3; PD = 28.3; PrD = 6.6; W = 5. hajnaldiana: syntype SMF 9658 ( Zilch 1952: 164): H = 33; D = 34.1; PH = 21.7; PD = 18.5; PrD = 3.9; W = 4.25. solitaria : syntype SMF 74708/2a ( Zilch 1952: 164): H = 39.2; D = 38.3; PH = 28.2; PD = 23.6; PrD = 5.2; W = 5. sabulosa: syntype SMF 9524 ( Zilch 1952: 164): H = 34,1; D = 31.1; PH = 21,2; PD = 17,6; PrD = 4,8; W = 5.25. pannonica: lectotype SMF 9535 (SD Zilch 1952: 164): H = 41.4; D = 40.5; PH = 29.2; PD = 23.5; PrD = 5; W = 5. luteola: holotype SMF 9527 ( Zilch 1952: 164): H = 35.9; D = 34.6; PH = 24.7; PD = 19.6; PrD = 4.9; W = 5. costellata: holotype SMF 9631 ( Zilch 1952: 164): H = 43.5; D = 39.7; PH = 30; PD = 24; PrD = 5.2; W = 5. transsylvanica: holotype SMF 9634 ( Zilch 1952: 164): H = 42.6; D = 40.1; PH = 28.5; PD = 25.9; PrD = 5; W = 5.25. claudiensis: holotype SMF 9543 ( Zilch 1952: 164): H = 40.3; D = 39.5; PH = 27.2; PD = 21.6; PrD = 5.1; W = 5. elsae: lectotype SMF 9529 (SD Zilch 1952: 164): H = 34.9; D = 36.1; PH = 25.9; PD = 20.9; PrD = 4.4; W = 4.75. christinae: lectotype SMF 9542 (SD Zilch 1952: 164): H = 45.5; D = 44.5; PH = 32.3; PD = 28; PrD = 5.7; W = 5. dobrudschae: holotype SMF 9541 ( Zilch 1952: 164): H = 46.1; D = 46.2; PH = 34.5; PD = 28.6; PrD = 5.6; W = 5. rhodopensis: syntype SMF 9599/2a ( Zilch 1952: 164): H = 42.7; D = 41; PH = 40.3; PD = 25.1; PrD = 5.5; W = 4.75. serbica: holotype SMF 9540 ( Zilch 1952: 165): H = 55; D = 53.9; PH = 38.6; PD = 32.3; PrD = 5; W = 5.25. kapellae: holotype SMF 9544 ( Zilch 1952: 165): H = 50.4; D = 44.2; PH = 32.2; PD = 26.4; PrD = 7.1; W = 5.25. thessalica: lectotype SMF 9568 (SD Zilch 1952: 165): H = 44.8; D = 45.4; PH = 32.2; PD = 37.1; PrD = 6.6; W = 5.

Specimens examined:

Hungary: SMF 74648/1, Budapest 47.4975 19.0445 ; ditto, SMF 19975 /1; ditto, SMF 74657 /3; ditto, SMF 19970 /5; ditto, SMF 74698 /2; ditto, SMF 20245 /2; ditto, SMF 20246 /3; ditto, SMF 20346 /2; ditto, SMF 9574 /4; ditto, SMF 74708 /2, ST solitaria ; ditto, SMF 20340 /6; ditto, SMF 74693 /1; ditto, SMF 74696 /3; ditto, SMF 20226 /3; ditto, SMF 20291 /4; ditto, SMF 74687 /4; ditto, SMF 214748 /2; ditto, SMF 19971 /2; ditto, SMF 299256 /1; ditto, SMF 74687 / 7, ST pannonica; SMF 20227/11, Budapest, SzemlÖhezy; SMF 74689/3, Budapest, Margaretheninsel, 47.5260 19.0472; SMF 19835/17, Botanical Garden , Budapest, 47.4819 19.0403 ; ditto, SMF 74652 / 2; SMF 74694/4, ST sabulosa; SMF 19834/31, Gellert Hill , Budapest, 47.4870 19.0464, SMF 20342 / 1, Pest, 47.5001 19.1002; ditto, SMF 19979 /1; ditto, SMF 20080 /1; ditto, SMF 74658 /1; ditto, SMF 20343 /2; ditto, SMF 20230 /1; ditto, SMF 299251 / 1; SMF 20334/1, Komarom, Hrutitzky, 47.7582 18.1289, Kormos; SMF 9580/1, Lower Hungaria, ex Straube, ST expansilabris; SMF 74703/1, 10 km N of Budapest, 47.5892 19.0626, coll. K.L. Pfeiffer; SMF 224817/1, Bankut, Bükk Mts. , 48.0989 20.4886; SMF 299285/2, upper valley of the Vratna, coll. K.L. Pfeiffer; SMF 19974/1, Csobzoka, Kormos 1896; SMF 19972/1, Aluzala, Kormos; SMF 9536/1, Cerithienkalk, ex Hazay, Orig Icon 1975; SMF 19837/3, Sztrojana, ex Kormos; Tihany, Cyprian source 1 Km in dir. ferry boat, 46.9187 17. 8891, 120 m alt., 5.8.1970, NMBE 522677 / 1; between " Paphegy " and Morgo creek, BÖrzsÖny-Mts., 47.8856 18. 9807, 250 m alt., 4.5.1971, NMBE 522666 /2; Malom, Gerecse Mts., 47.582 18. 4533, 205 m alt., 30.4.1971, NMBE 522654 /1; Budakeszi, 47.5193 18. 9427, 320 m alt., 26.4.1970, NMBE 522738 /6; Tata-Tovaros, 47.6308 18. 3362, 130 m alt., 3.5.1970, NMBE 522696 /4; Palotaer Island , Budapest-Ujpest, 47.5764 19.0728, 26.8.1970, NMBE 522693 /3; Ujszeged, Maros river , Szeged, 30.7.1967, NMBE 522712 /4; Széchenyi liget (Békéscsaba), 17.11.1964, NMBE 522710 /2; Budakeszi, Pest, 47.5193 18. 9427, 320 m alt., 26.4.1970, NMBE 522701 /6; Eger, Hotel Park, 47.9005 20. 3703, 180 m alt., 12.11.1969, NMBE 522478 /1; "Magas Tax", hiking path, BÖrzsÖny Mts., 47.927 18.9277, 700 m alt., 5.10.1971, NMBE 522472 / 1; Mt. Kohegys, Pilis Mts. , Pest, 47.6789 19.0107, 350 m alt., 8.5.1971, NMBE 522466 / 2; Balatonrendes, 46.8247 17.5841, 9.6.1967, NMBE 522461 / 4; Bubanat valley, Pilis Mts. , Komarom-Esztergom, 47.8086 18. 8109, 120 m alt., 15.5.1971, NMBE 522451 / 1; Vadorzo, Vértes Mts. , Fejér, 47.4745 18. 4741, 290 m alt., 3.5.1970, NMBE 522447 / 1; LÖwenfels (= Oroszlanszikla)/ Buda Mts. , 47.5426 18. 9899, 340 m alt., 29.4.1971, NMBE 522444 / 1; Feketeko / Pilis Mts. , Komarom-Esztergom, 47.722 18. 8485, 415 m alt., 30.5.1971, NMBE 522443 / 1; Hungaria / Ungarn , NMBE 513004 / 1; Szeged / Csongrad Megye, 46.25 20.17, 75 m alt., 3.1925, NMBE 22986 /2.

Romania: SMF 74596/4, Broos [Orastie], 45.8497 23.2046; SMF 74582/1, Cavaelar, Constanza, 43.95 28.19, coll. Jetschin; ditto, SMF 19987 / 2; SMF 19968/4, Calimanesti at the Olt, 45.24 24.34, ex Mertens; SMF 19969/5, Aspahida, 46.80 23.75, Kolozs, Kormos; SMF 19983/3, Bukarest, 44.43 26.10, ex Rolle; ditto, SMF 74649 / 1, coll. Jetschin; ditto, SMF 19986 / 10, ST elsae ex Heynemann; ditto, SMF 20350 / 5, SMF 19985 / 11, SMF 19986 / 11, SMF 9585 / 5, ex Heynemann; SMF 19966/1, Damborita River , Bukarest; SMF 19988/2, Comana, Vlasca, 44.17 26.14, ex Grossu; SMF 214751/1, Donauinsel Adekaleh bei Orsova, 44.717 22.45, ex S. H. Jaeckel; SMF 20228/1, Hermannstadt [Sibiu], 45.79 24.15, coll. Rossmässler; ditto, SMF 78616 / 6, coll. Ehrmann ex Bielz; SMF 20247/1, Rotenturm Pass, 45.55 24.27, coll. O. Boettger ex Kink 1889; SMF 20345/1, Pomjaska, Krasso-SzÖremy; SMF 74697/2, Berzaszka, Krasso-SzÖremy [Berzasca, Caraş- Severin], 44.65 21.95, coll. C. R. Boettger; SMF 20341/1, Mehadia, shores of the Belareka, 44.905 22.365, coll. Reinhardt; SMF 74641/2, SMF 74619 / 3, SMF 292222 / 4, SMF 78617 / 2, SMF 74644 / 6, Mehadia, 44.8805 22.4066, Bath of Herkules , coll. Jetschin; ditto, SMF 74646 / 6, coll. C. R. Boettger; SMF 74588/1, slopes oft he Ballavaka, Mehadia, coll. Jetschin; SMF 74642/2, Bogat Valley , Persanyer hills [Persani Mts.], 45.90 25.43, coll. Jetschin; SMF 74645/2, Castle hill in Deva, 45.889 22.897, coll. Jetschin; SMF 74608/2, Deva, castle, coll. Jetschin; ditto, SMF 20224 / 2, coll. Reinhardt; SMF 74643/1, Schulberg close Schässburg, 46.2172 24.7905, coll. Jetschin; SMF 19962/5, Campulungu , 45.27 25.05; SMF 19961/4, SMF 78618 / 5, Rumku at Campulungu at Bukarest, ex C. Heynemann; SMF 9563/7, Rumku, ST christinae, ex C. Heynemann; SMF 19965/4, Afumati 20 km NE Bukarest, 44.53 26.25, ex C. Heynemann; SMF 19963/4, Pitest, 44.85 24.88; SMF 19967/2, Horczu, Valcea, 45.15 23.99, ex Grossu; SMF 74647/2, royal castle Sinaja, 45.360 25.543, ex C. R. Boettger; SMF 19960/12, Sinaja, 45.35 25.55, ex C. Heynemann; ditto, SMF 299198 / 1, coll. Bosch; SMF 19959/14, Gaesti between Bukarest and Piesti, 44.72 25.32, ex C. Heynemann; SMF 74602/1, Steierdorf [Anina], cave Pauar , 45.09 21.85, coll. Jetschin; SMF 74593/2, Klausenburg , 46.77 23.58, coll. Jetschin; SMF 74580/1, Broshtoni , Suceoara [Broșteni, Suceava], 47.24 25.70, coll. Jetschin; SMF 74581/1, Ghergani , Damboritza [Ghergani, Dâmbovița], 44.64 25.72, coll. Jetschin; SMF 20090/2, Bistritza , 47.14 24.49; SMF 74616/3, Hermannsdorf , Altenberg , coll. Jetschin; SMF 95261/1, Dobrudscha, ST dobrudschae ex Wohlberedt ; SMF 19982/2, Vlaca , Dobrudscha, ST dobrudschae ex Wohlberedt ; SMF 74561/1, Bates close Cheia , coll. K.L. Pfeiffer; SMF 19964/2, Anega , ex C. Heynemann; SMF 74771/2, Klausenburg , Bükk forest , coll. Jetschin; SMF 214763/1, Black Tower in Kervita , ex S.H. Jeckel; SMF 214749/1, Tuzru Magarela , coll. S. H. Jaeckel; Pietreni , Costesti creek , Capatanei Mts. , Valcea, 45.1913 24.0664, 570 m alt., 2.5.2008, NMBE 522680 / 3; Rosie Valley, Petrila, Sureanu Mts. , Hunedoara, 45.4598 23. 3696, 840 m alt., 25.6.2004, NMBE 522676 / 1; NMBE 522392 / 3; Cheile Bistritei, Capatanei Mts. , Valcea, 45. 1907 24.04, 590 m alt., 2.5.2008, NMBE 522682 / 1; Bicaz Canyon, SW entrance, Hasmas Mts. , Harghita, 46.8063 25.8099, 900 m alt., 3.7.2004, NMBE 522671 / 1; 20 km N Baile Herculane, Cerna river , Caras-Severin, 45.0323 22. 5635, 345 m alt., 19.4.2007, NMBE 522665 / 1; Cisnadioara (= Michelsberg ), Sibiu, 45.7025 24.1149, 500 m alt., 28.6.2004, NMBE 522662 / 1; NMBE 522399 / 1; Tismana Monastery , Gorj, 45.0803 22. 9274, 290 m alt., 18.4.2007, NMBE 522694 / 5; Prapastiilor valley, quarry, KÖnigstein Mts. , Brasov, 45.5424 25. 2969, 820 m alt., 1.7.2004, NMBE 522692 / 1; Lupsei valley, 1.1 Km W in dir. Motru Sec, Valcan Mts. , Gorj, 45.0566 22. 7872, 395 m alt., 22.5.2009, NMBE 522686 / 2; Jiu de Vest valley, Campu Mielului, Retezat Mts. , Hunedoara, 45.2823 22.9714, 1110 m alt., 26.6.2004, NMBE 522683 / 1; Jiu de Vest, entrance Garbovul valley, Retezat Mts. , Hunedoara, 45.2736 22. 9588, 990 m alt., 26.6.2004, NMBE 522423 / 1; NMBE 522407 / 3; Jiu de Vest, Buta Canyon, Retezat Mts. , Hunedoara, 45.3029 22. 9714, 990 m alt., 26/6.2004, NMBE 522420 / 3; Cheii valley, Cheile Rasnovului, Postavaru Mts. , 45.5473 25. 5116, 750 m alt., 29.4.2008, NMBE 522410 / 1; Ordancusa valley, cave Poarta lui Ionel , Padis Mts. , Alba, 46.4655 22. 8371, 820 m alt., 6.7.2004, NMBE 522404 / 1; Ciunget, Rudareasa valley, Latoritei Mts. , Valcea, 45.4 23. 9352, 680 m alt., 1.5.2008, NMBE 522397 / 2; Dubova, hiking path to cave Ponicova , Mehedinti, 44.5957 22. 2552, 165 m alt., 4.5.2008, NMBE 522386 / 1; Pietroasa, Boga valley, Apuseni Mts. , Bihor, 46.6 22.67, 19.7.2012, NMBE 522417 / 1; Tisita Mica valley, Mt. Tisarul Mare, Vrancea Mts. , 45.9409 26. 5775, 630 m alt., 27.4.2008, NMBE 522429 / 3; Baia de Fier, cave Muierii , Gorj, 45.1923 23.754, 640 m alt., 27.6.2004, NMBE 522380 / 1; Sighisoara , castle hill, Mures, 46.2172 24. 7905, 420 m alt., 30.6.2004, NMBE 522412 / 10; between Pojoga und Caprioara , Arad, 45.9925 22. 3462, 230 m alt., 15.4.2007, NMBE 522394 / 1;; Cheita canyon, Cheia , Prahova, 45.4731 25.9203, 1050 m alt., 28.4.2008, NMBE 522422 / 1; Podu Dambovitei, Cheii valley , Arges, 45.4378 25. 2382, 950 m alt., 30.4.2008, NMBE 522403 / 1; Valea Manastrii (= canyon W Aiud)/ Trascaului Geb. / Alba, 46.3 23.51, 17.7.2012, NMBE 522415 / 1; Rimetea , Mt. Piatra Secuilului, NW slope, 46.45 23.57, 18.7.2012, NMBE 522390 / 4; Mt. Vulcan, Bihor Mts. , Hunedoara, 46.23 22.96, 19.7.2012, NMBE 522389 / 2; Govajdia, Govasdia , Hunedoara, 45.7259 22. 8484, 350 m alt., 26.4.2008, NMBE 522428 / 1; Transsylvanien, NMBE 513003 /1.

Ukraine: SMF 19838/4, Munikacs (= Mukatschewe), 48.441 22.7272; SMF 20349/1, Odessa, 46.48 30.72; SMF 158643/2, Dobrowlany bei Zaleszegyki am Dnjestr, 48.67 25.75, leg. Urbanski; SMF 20347, Monastery Kuresch, Charkow, 49.98 36.10, leg. Rosen; SMF 20348/2, SMF 20351/7, Karatschewka, Charkow, 49.91 36.19; SMF 19984/1, Tschetschulski Cordon am Pruth , Bessarabia; SMF 19981/2, Mlynski close Daralani, canyon Pasinskye .

Slovenia: SMF 74584/, castle of Bled, 46.3698 14.1006, coll. K.L. Pfeiffer; SMF 74722/2, Ljubljana, 46.05 14.50, coll. Jetschin; SMF 74735/, SMF 299283 / 1, SMF 299284 / 2, Sevnica, Save , 46.01 15.30, coll. K.L. Pfeiffer; SMF 299234/4, Capodistria, 45.54 13.73, coll. Kaltenbach; SMF 299184/1, Adelsberg (= Postojna), 45.77 14.21, coll. Bosch; SMF 20229/1, Goljak; SMF 299240/3, Valdes, coll. Kaltenbach; ditto, SMF 214752 / 1, coll. S. H. Jaeckel; Predel, 1.5 Km in dir. Bovec, crossroads to Mangart, 46.4223 13.5938, 1045 m alt., 5.9.1986, NMBE 522669 / 1; Gozd-Martuljek, at the Jerman creek , 46.4873 13.828, 770 m alt., 20.8.1987, NMBE 522487 / 2; Postojna, cave, 45.7825 14. 2035, 530 m alt., 5.9.1986, NMBE 522470 /4.

Croatia: SMF 20096/4, Klek, 45.260 15.145, ex Sturany; SMF 20089/3, SMF 74621 / 1, Klek close to Ogulin; SMF 20223/1, Varazdin, 46.3057 16.3380; SMF 20097/3, Fuzine, Modrus Fiume, 45.30 14.71, ex Kormos; SMF 227565/1, 2 km Ostarije to Brusani, 44.5188 15.1949, ex F. Seidl; SMF 74637/1, Podsused, 45.82 15.84, coll. C. R. Boettger; SMF 20088/2, Mt. Maggiore [Učka Mts.], 45.30 14.22; ditto, SMF 20103 / 1, coll. O. Boettger; SMF 20083/8, Mt. Obruc (Gorski Kotar) close Fiume, 45.4569 14.4678, ex Brusina; SMF 299252/1, Muggia, 45.60 13.77, coll. Kaltenbach; SMF 20094/3, Ogulin, 45.265 15.225; SMF 20086/4, Dolnja Stubica, 45.98 15.97; SMF 20092/1, Trakostane [prob. castle of Trakošćan], 46.2578 15.9450; SMF 20101/1, Gospice, 44.55 15.38; SMF 20104/1, Petrinja, 45.44 16.28; SMF 20248/1, castle ruin Pedalje, 45.1442 16.2942; SMF 299246/3, Zagreb, 45.8 16.0, coll. Kaltenbach; SMF 9571/2, Kapella Mts., ST kapellae, coll. Rossmässler; SMF 20093/1, Belska Doline; SMF 20091/1, Sutle; SMF 20102/1, Susede; SMF 74573/3, Billibrig di Sign , coll. Jetschin; Istria, 3.9 Km N road Veprinac to Mt. Vojak , 45.3539 14.253, 900 m alt., 2/8.2002, NMBE 522425 / 2; Majorija, 44.9811 14. 9808, 610 m alt., 30.7.2002, NMBE 522416 / 2; Licko Lesce, 44.7873 15.3672, 3.8.2002, NMBE 522387 / 2; Senj, Zuta Lokva, 44.9667 15.055, NMBE 505533 /1.

Bosnia and Hercegovina : SMF 20087/2, Treberic close Sarajevo [Mt. Trebevic], 43.8233 18.4489, coll. Kobelt ex Stussiner; SMF 20095/1, Sarajevo, 43.86 18.41, coll. Kobelt; SMF 20106/1, Jajce, 44.34 17.27, coll. Reinhardt; SMF 20099/2, Jezero close Jajce, Sarajevo, coll. Reinhardt; SMF 20100/1, Nemila, 44.33 17.91 (Unna Mts.?), coll. O. Boettger ex Reitter; SMF 74574/2, Travnik, mountains, coll. Th. Krüper; SMF 20081/17, SMF 20082 / 11, SMF 20085 / 7, SMF 20084 / 7, Travnik , 44.226 17.662, ex Brandis; ditto, SMF 299233 / 4, coll. Kaltenbach; ditto, SMF 74584 / 2, coll. Jetschin; SMF 74576/3, Ulaska gromila [Vlaska Gromila] close Travnik , 44.2897 17.6675, coll. Jetschin; SMF 74585/2, Vlasic close Travnik , 44.2926 17.6364, coll. Jetschin; SMF 299287/2, Vresic close Travnik , coll. K.L. Pfeiffer; Mrkonjic Grad, in dir. Banja Luka, 44.4236 17. 1271, 420 m alt., 18.8.1987, NMBE 522408 / 1; Jajce , Piva waterfall, 44.3375 17. 2701, 365 m alt., 18.8.1987, NMBE 522402 / 1; Jahorine Pale , Miljacka river, 43.8145 18. 5768, 840 m alt., 17.8.1987, NMBE 522396 /4.

Serbia: SMF 20344/1, Maidanpek , 44.42 21.95, ST serbica, coll. Rossmässler ex Zelebor; SMF 299213/2, Nisek, ex Rolle; Jelasnicka canyon, E of Niska Banja, 43.282 22.0622, 320 m alt., 6.7.2008, NMBE 522674 / 1; Despotovac, 500 m W of Mon. Manasija , 44.1009 21. 4638, 235 m alt., 4.7.2008, NMBE 522405 / 1; Despotovac, Mon. Manasija , 44.1014 21. 4694, 235 m alt., 4.7.2008, NMBE 522393 / 3; Zlot, Lazareva cave (= Zlotska pecina), 44.0292 21.961, 310 m alt., 10.7.2008, NMBE 522385 / 1; Mon . Vratna (= NW of Negotin), canyon, 44.3823 23. 3389, 195 m alt., 11.7.2008, NMBE 522379 / 1; Ljuberada , 43.0316 22. 3887, 490 m alt., 9.7.2008, NMBE 522337 /1.

FYROM: SMF 74704/1, Ljubotin, Sara Planina [Ljuboten, Šar Planina], 42.2067 21.1194, coll. K.L. Pfeiffer.

Bulgaria: SMF 74579/3, Philippopel [Plowdiw], 42.14 24.74, coll. Jetschin; ditto, SMF 74692 / 6, coll. C. R. Boettger; ditto, SMF 299279 / 1, coll. Jetschin; ditto, SMF 20244 / 5, coll. Kobelt; SMF 20337/4, Rhodope Mts. close to Philippopel; SMF 78619/3, SMF 78620 / 1, Sofia, 42.7 23.3, coll. Nägele; ditto, SMF 20339 / 2, coll. O. Boettger ex Nägele; SMF 20336/1, railway station Semen [Zemen], 42.4810 22.7475; SMF 20335/2, Kopriwstitza [Koprivštica], 42.64 24.36; SMF 299269/1, Varna, 43.2 27.9, coll. Kaltenbach; Veliko Tirnovo, 43.0705 25. 6351, 155 m alt., 27.5.2007, NMBE 522664 / 1; Vratcata canyon W Vraca, 43.1919 23.538, 23.5.2007, NMBE 522640 / 1; Ledenika (= W Vraca), 43.2045 23.4936, 22.5.2007, NMBE 522639 / 1; Sipka, 2 Km in dir. Sipka pass, 42.7345 25. 3306, 860 m alt., 28.5.2007, NMBE 522409 / 1; Iskar valley , parking place at Cerepiski Monastery, 5.5.2008, NMBE 519954 / 3; Dzhebel , 41.5 25.3, 300 m alt., 26.8.2010, NMBE 23349 /2.

Greece: SMF 9567, Plakarücken des Kissavos , coll. O. Boettger ex Stussiner; SMF 20354/1, Volos, 39.37 22.94, ex Godet; SMF 9575/3, Kloster Survias, Pilion, 39.4620 22.9847, coll. O. Boettger ex Stussiner; ditto, SMF 7471 / 2, coll. Jetschin ex Stussiner; SMF 74711/1, Pilion, 39.4 23.04, coll. Jetschin; SMF 338128/5, Pilion, Chania, 39.3959 23.0620, 05.10.1986; Spileo , 800 m in dir. Zakas, 40.007 21. 2841, 980 m alt., 24.4.2003, NMBE 522703 / 84; Mantoudi, Evvia, 38.7942 23.477, 20 m alt., 21.5.1997, NMBE 522400 / 4; Kehrokambos, 4 Km in dir. Stavroupoli, 41.1806 24. 6687, 180 m alt., 7.5.1995, NMBE 522395 / 1; Sidirónero, 12.9 Km in dir. Livaderó, 41.274 24.2088, 600 m alt., 22.5.1997, NMBE 522265 / 2; 520671/2 (alk.); Melivoia, 700 m in dir. Kotili, 41.3328 24. 9218, 415 m alt., 24.5.1997, NMBE 522264 / 1; Makriplagio, 41.2267 24. 2713, 880 m alt., 22.5.1997, NMBE 522263 /1.

Diagnosis: shell large, moderately thick, four to five distinct brown spiral bands, teleoconch with granulated whorls, small protoconch, aperture large, elongate, labial callus cream to brown coloured, umbilicus open; very long flagellum, epiphallus as long as penis, diverticulum reduced.

Description: a large shell, thin to moderately thick, broadly spherical, with a conical spire; basic shell colour greyish white with prominent chestnut brown spirals; usually with four to five distinct brown spiral bands, often spiral No. 1 fusing with No. 2, but spiral pattern quite variable; protoconch remarkably small in comparison to total shell size, its diameter ranging from 4. 5–6 mm, smooth, white whorls; teleoconch of 3–4 regularly granulated whorls, granules arranged in spiral rows, with fine to very coarse axial riblets; last whorl only slightly descending below the periphery; aperture large, elongate to rounded, apertural rim narrow, labial callus weak, cream to brown coloured, columellar triangle small; umbilicus usually open, sometimes closed in old individuals.

Genital organs ( Figs 20–22 ): penis club-shaped, epiphallus as long as penis; flagellum extremely long, reaching five times the length of epiphallus+penis; mrp attaching in a central position on the epiphallus; internally, both papillae of equal size, penial chamber filled with a few elongate folds, both papillae conical with a central perforation; atrial stimulator a rounded knob; female system with a very short vaginal tube, dart sac and glandulae mucosae strongly developed, the glandulae with a basic stem, multi-branched, much longer than dart sac; pedunculus stem long, diverticulum reduced or even completely lacking, bursa copulatrix stem shorter than pedunculus stem, vesicle rounded and bent downwards.

Distribution ( Fig. 23 ): This is a Helix species with an enormously large distribution area, inhabiting Central Europe northwards to Scandinavia and England, and expanding to large parts of Eastern Europe including the Baltic countries, Poland and larger parts of the Ukraine. It is considered to be introduced to several localities in SE Ukraine and some other places in Russia towards the vicinity of Moscow ( Sysoev & Schileyko 2009). In the southern Balkans, this species surmounts the Rhodope Mts. between Bulgaria and Greece. In Greece, it has some isolated (?) occurrences in the central parts of the country, which could probably be the result of human introduction of the species as a Lenten food.

Remarks: For reasons of completeness, the synonymy list for Helix pomatia given here also contains taxa which are beyond the geographical focus of this work. These are not figured here.

In the Balkans, the Central European phenotype disappears and is substituted by two other shell phenotypes: the first is a small, colourful and quite thick-shelled morph, with the spiral bands being quite prominent, and usually fused ( Fig. 21 ). The second morph displays larger and more compressed shells with an almost oblique aperture, greenish shells with ribbed teleoconch, and a reduction to loss of the brown spirals ( Fig. 22 ). Anatomically, both morphs do not differ in their main character sets. So far, no mixed populations could be observed, but a clear geographical pattern separating both morphs is also not visible. As a conclusion it can be speculated that for example one of these two morphs represents a cryptic species ( Korábek & al. 2014) to be separated from H. pomatia .

Figures

Figs 1–9. Helix (Helix) pomatia LINNAEUS, 1758. Fig. 1 compacta, syntype SMF 9573, D = 50.07, Hungary "Gestrüppe der Berglehnen"; Fig. 2 pulskyana, syntype SMF 9525/2a, Hungary "Inseln der Donau", D = 36.6; Fig. 3 hajnaldiana, syntype SMF 9658, Hungary "Budapest, im botanischen Garten", D = 34.1; Fig. 4 solitaria, syntype SMF 74708/2a, D = 31.1; Fig. 5 sabulosa, syntype SMF 9524, D = 40.5, Fig. 6 expansilabris, holotype SMF 9538, D = 45.5; Fig. 7 luteola, holotype SMF 9527, D = 34.6; Fig. 8 pannonica, lectotype SMF 9535, D = 40.5, Fig. 9 lednicensis, syntype SMF 9534/2a, D = 38.3. — All photos Neubert, original size.

Figs 10–19. Helix (Helix) pomatia LINNAEUS, 1758. Fig. 10 claudiensis, holotype SMF 9543, Klausenburg, D = 39.5; Fig. 11 dobrudschae, holotype SMF 9541, Rumania, Dobrudscha, Comana Vlasca, D = 46.2; Fig. 12 costellata, holotype SMF 9631, Markt in Bukarest, D = 39.7; Fig. 13 elsae, lectotype SMF 9529, nahe Bukarest, D = 34.9; Fig. 14 transsylvanica, holotype SMF 9634, Markt in Bukarest, D = 40.1; Fig. 15 christinae, lectotype SMF 9542, Runku über Bukarest, D = 44.5; Fig. 16 kapellae, holotype SMF 9544, Kapella Gebirge, D = 44.2; Fig. 17 serbica, holotype SMF 9540, Maidanek, D = 53.9; Fig. 18 thessalica, lectotype SMF 9568, Makrinitza bei Volos, D = 45.4; Fig. 19 rhodopensis, syntype SMF 9599/2a, Philippoppel, D = 41.0. — All photos Neubert, original size.

Fig. 20. Helix (Helix) pomatia LINNAEUS, 1758. Genital organs. Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Tuniberg close to Munzingen, Freiburg, from the vineyard slopes W of Ehrentrudis chapel. — All photos Neubert.

Fig. 21. Helix (Helix) pomatia LINNAEUS, 1758. Genital organs, NMBE 519954, Bulgaria, Iskar valley, Cerepiski Monastery, situs 51.58. — All photos Neubert.

Fig. 22. Helix (Helix) pomatia LINNAEUS, 1758. Genital organs, NMBE 520671, Greece, Sidirónero, 12.9 Km in dir. Livaderó, situs 63.24. — All photos Neubert.

Fig.23. Helix (Helix) pomatia LINNAEUS, 1758, distribution in southeast Europe.