Calendula arvensis Linnaeus (1763: 1303)

Gonçalves, Ana Carla, Castro, Sílvia, Paiva, Jorge, Santos, Conceição & Silveira, Paulo, 2018, Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands, Phytotaxa 352 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

Calendula arvensis Linnaeus (1763: 1303) ; Willkomm & Lange (1865: 125); Willkomm (1893: 88); Merino (1906:

400); Coutinho (1913: 642, 1939: 758); Meikle (1976: 207); Franco (1984: 432); Valdés et al. 1987: 78); Bolós & Vigo

(1995: 856); Aizpuru Oiarbide et al. (1999: 550); Greuter (2008b: 54); Blanca (2011: 1610); Greuter 2006 +[2017]).

Lectotype (designated by Heyn et al. 1974): — EUROPE: ‘ in Europae arvis ’, Löfling s.n (LINN! [1035.1]).

Heterotypic synonyms:

C. aegyptiaca Persoon (1807: 492) ; Blanca (2011: 1609). Type:— EGYPT. Bords des champs, Matarych près de Caire, L. Kralik s.n. (holotype FI! 000477])

C. parviflora Rafinesque (1810: 83) nom. illeg. non Thunberg (1800: 163); Willkomm & Lange (1865: 125); Willkomm (1893: 88). Type:—not found.

C. bicolor Rafinesque (1810: 82) . C. arvensis var. bicolor (Rafinesque) Candolle (1837: 452) Type:—not found.

C. malacitana Boissier & Reuter (1852: 61) ; Willkomm & Lange (1865: 125); Willkomm (1893: 88). C. arvensis subsp. malacitana (Boissier & Reuter) Coutinho (1913: 642 ; 1939: 758). C. arvensis var. malacitana (Boissier & Reuter) Coutinho ex Bolós & Vigo (1995: 857) . Syntypes:— PORTUGAL: ‘ Lusitania ’, Welwitsch, F. 252 (syntype G! [00074224]); SPAIN: ‘ Malacae arvis ’, 1838, Boissier s.n. (syntype G! [G00472061]).

C. arvensis subsp. macroptera Rouy (1903: 355) . C. arvensis var. macroptera (Rouy) Bolós & Vigo (1995: 857) . Type: — not found.

Annual herbs. Stems (2) 17.3–45.5 (80) cm long, ascending to erect, sometimes decumbent, branched at the base, with glandular and non-glandular hairs, in varying proportions, ± viscous. Basal leaves (1.2) 2.4–4.8 (6.5) × (0.2) 0.4–0.8 (1.1) cm, (0.3) 0.3–0.5 (0.5) mm thick, oblanceolate, acute, or obtuse, margin sub-entire to sinuate-dentate, base attenuated in a ± longer petiole, with glandular and non-glandular hairs; the middle and upper cauline leaves progressively smaller toward the apex, oblanceolate to lanceolate, sessile and usually auriculate. Capitula solitary, (1) 1.2–1.4 (2) cm in diameter. Bracts (4.1) 6.7–7.9 (10.4) × (0.6) 1–2.4 mm, arranged in 1–2 rows, sub-equal, linear-lanceolate, usually acute, green and reddish at the apex, with glandular and non-glandular hairs, margin hyaline. Ray florets (13) 17–21, (4.5) 8.2–10.2 (13) × (1) 1.3–2.7 mm, usually shorter than twice the involucre, arranged in 1–2 rows, with 3 teeth at the apex, yellow or orange. Disc florets (14) 23–31 (38), 2.7–3.4 × 1.1–1.8 mm, yellow or purple-brown. Anthers 1.1–1.9 mm long. Styles 2.2–2.7 mm long. Outer achenes rostrate (5) 7.1–11.7 (15.2) × (0.8) 1.3–1.9 (2.7) mm, usually strongly curved and aculeate at back, usually with 2 small teeth, one at the base and another at the apex, sometimes bialate (8.3) 10.8–12.4 (13.3) × (7.2) 7.7–9.3 (10.2) mm, with 2 wings, with irregularly incise margins, extended along both sides up to the apex; middle achenes cymbiform (4.8) 6.7–8 (8.5) × (3.8) 5.3–7 (8) mm, sometimes lacking; inner achenes vermiculate-alate (3.5) 3.8–5.2 (5.8) × (2) 2.7–3.3 (3.7) mm, hook-shaped to circular, with 2 narrow lateral wings, and/or vermiculate-exalate (3.2) 3.7–4.5 (5.3) × (1.2) 1.2–1.7 (1.8) mm, circular.

Illustrations: Heyn et al. (1974): Figures 4–10 ; Valdés et al. (1987: 78). Figures 30 D–E , 31 A–E and 32 A .

Habitat and distribution: Dispersed throughout the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands in waste grounds, cultivated fields and grasslands or in the margin of roads and ditches, up to 1300 m. The remainder of its native range embraces also Central and South Europe, North Africa, SW Asia and Macaronesia. Introduced in other parts of the globe such as Australia and California.

Conservation status: IUCN Red List Category for the Iberian Peninsula: Least Concern (LC). Calendula arvensis is a widely-spread plant in the Iberian Peninsula ( Figure 2 ), and in most of the circum-Mediterranean region, inhabiting ruderal and waste grounds. Currently, it does not face any major threat in the region. Therefore, according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (2012), this species is assessed as Least Concern (LC) for the Iberian Peninsula.

Chromosome number: 2n = 44.

Genome size: 5.69 ± 0.65 pg

Additional specimens examined: SPAIN: Albacete: cerca de Tobarra, Finca Alboraj, [38°35’ N, 1°41’ W], 22 April 1991, Herrero Nieto, A. s.n. ( MA!); Alcaraz, [38°40’ N, 2°29’ W], 6 June 1983, Herranz, J. M. s.n. ( MA!); Ayna, [38°33’ N, 2°05’W], 26 April 1986, Herranz, J. M.s.n. ( MA!); Cancarix, 460 m [38°25’ N, 1°35’ W], 3 April 1986, Herranz, J. M. s.n. ( MA!); Tobarra, pr. km 293 de la carretera de Murcia, 680 m [38°35’ N, 1°41’ W], 3 April 1986, Herranz, J. M. s.n. ( MA!); Letur, 675 m [38°22’ N, 2°06’ W], 25 April 1997, Aedo, C.;et al. 1242 IA ( MA!); Alicante: Isla de Tabarca, 5 m [38°10’ N, 0°28’ W], 29 April 2001, Aedo, C. 6122 ( MA!); Altea, S. Bèrnia, Barranc del Gort, 100 m [38°36’ N, 0°03’ W], 14 January 1996, Soler, M. R.;Soler, S. 15947 ( MA!); Vall de Gallinera, Benisili, 600 m [38°49’ N, 0°16’ W], 6 February 1996, Soler, J.X.;Signes, M. 5225 ( MA!); Vall d’Alcalá, Beniaya, 700 m [38°46’ N, 0°16’ W], 4 March 1995, Soler, J.X.;Signes, M. 1463 ( MA!); Gata de Gorgos, ptda. Planises, 125 m [38°46’ N, 0°05’ E], 13 December 1993, Soler, J.X.672 ( MA, SALA, SANT!);Los Balsares deAltet,[38°21’N, 0°29’W], 5 February 1984, Mateo, G. s.n. ( MA!); Fontilles, [38°47’ N, 0°05’ W], 4 December 1983, Mateo, G.;Figueirola, R. s.n. ( MA!); Cabo Roig, Torrevieja, [37°59’ N, 0°41’ W], 18 February 1984, Costa, M.;et al. s.n. ( MA!); Portichol, [38°45’ N, 0°16’ E], 5 May 1933, Martínez, M. s.n. ( MA!); Huerta de Alicante, [38°21’ N, 0°29’ W], 3 May 1933, Martínez, M. s.n. ( MA!); alrededores de Polop, [38°37’ N, 0°07’ W], 9 July 1933, Martínez, M. s.n. ( MA!); Torrevieja, Cabo Roig, [37°59’ N, 0°41’ W], 18 February 1984, Costa, M.;et al. s.n. ( SEV!); Villafranqueza, [38°23’ N, 0°29’ W], 23 March 1961, Rigual, A. s.n. ( MA!); Nueva Tabarca, [38°10’ N, 0°28’ W], 30 November 1958, Rigual, A. s.n. ( MA!); Villena, Base del Cabezo Redondo, [38°38’ N, 0°51’ W], 3 January 1960, Rignal, A. s.n. ( MA!); Muchamiel, [38°25’ N, 0°26’ W], 5 May 1963, Rigual, A. s.n. ( MA!);? Orilamel [?], [38°21’ N, 0°29’ W], April 1920, Pau, C. s.n. ( MA!); Torrevieja, Cabo Roig, [37°55’ N, 0°43’ W], 18 February 1984, Costa, M.;et al. 13 ( BM, COI, K, RNG, SALA, VF, GDA!); Sierra de Orihuela, cruce em direction a Abonil, [38°06’ N, 1°00’ W], 15 March 1985, Molero, J.;Sala; Valdés, B. s.n. ( BCN!); San Vicente, Campus Universitario, [38°21’ N, 0°29’ W], 26 August 1993, Torre, A.;? s.n. ( ABH!); Almeria: 4 km SW of Tabernas, 300 m [37°03’ N, 2°23’ W], 3 June 1967, Ball, P. W.;Chater, A. O.; Ferguson, I. K.; Valdés, B. 140 ( BM!); Cuevas del Almazonra, Pozo del Esparto, 10 m [37°20’ N, 1°41’ W], 27 March 1998, Navarro, C.;et al. 1782 ( MA!); Almeria, [36°50’ N, 2°27’ W], 17 April 1851, Bourgeau, E. 807 ( MA!); Plantas de Almeria, [36°50’ N, 2°27’ W], March 1944, Jerónimo, H. s.n. ( MA, SANT!); LLanos de Almeria, 10 m [36°45’ N, 2°45’ W], 3 April 1969, Sampaio, G. 454 ( MA!); Almeria cemetery, 100 m [36°50’ N, 2°27’ W], 4 June 1967, Ball, P. W.;et al. 1200 ( SEV!); [36°47’ N, 2°14’ W], 11 March 1921, unclear 212 ( MA!); près de Berja, 200 m [36°51’ N, 2°57’ W], 27 May 1969, Fac. Sci. Toulouse, Serv. Bot. 1000 ( MA!); Sierra de Cabo de Gata, [36°47’ N, 2°14’ W], 5 February 1932, Jerónimo, H. 8275 ( MA, RAB, BCN!); Plage de Roquetas del Mar, [36°46’ N, 2°36’ W], Fac. Sci. Toulouse, Serv. Bot. 151 ( MA!); Cuevas de Almanzora, Sierra Amagrera, 162 m [37°18’ N, 1°53’ W], 14 April 2005, Cabezas;Carrasco; Noya 302 ( MA, MACB!); Cabo de Gata, pr. mirador de Amatiste, [36°43’ N, 2°12’ W], 2 April 1996, Castroviejo, S. 13606 SC ( MA!); de Mojácar a Carboneras, base de la Sierra Cabrera, 0 m 100 m, [37°08’ N, 1°51’ W], 24 March 1986, López, G. 9546 GL ( MA!); entre Dalías y Berja, [36°51’ N, 2°57’ W], 20 February 1970, Fernández Casas, J. s.n. ( MA!); El Ejido de Dalías, [36°49’ N, 2°52’ W], January 1970, Fernández Casas, J. s.n. ( MA!); El Ejido, [36°47’ N, 2°49’ W], March 1970, Fernández Casas, J. s.n. ( MA!); Serra do Cabo da Gata, [36°47’ N, 2°14’ W], 5 February 1922, Jerónimo, H. s.n. ( BC!); near Turrillas, 2, 5 km on road to Lucaina, 700 m [37°02’ N, 2°16’ W], 19 April 1980, Miles, C. J.;Phillipson, P. B.; Sinnreich, G. M.; Williams, R. S. 403 ( BM, RNG!); Málaga, Periana, [36°55’ N, 4°12’ W], 19 May 1927, Ellman, E.;Nelmes, E. 239 ( K!); Playa del Sombrerico, 0 m [36°50’ N, 2°27’ W], 16 April 2005, Jury, S. L. 20266 ( RNG!); c. 42 km E of Las Negras, 5 m [36°50’ N, 2°27’ W], 5 February 1990, Jury, S. L.;Ross, J.D. 10195 ( RNG!); Sierra de Alhamilla 8 km north east of Nijar, 350 m [36°58’ N, 2°12’W], 13 April 1982, Gardner, M. F.;Gardner, S. G. 1630 ( RNG!); Gurrucha, shore east of 3327 an 1 km North of town, 1 m [36°50’ N, 2°27’ W], 12 April 1982, Gardner, M. F.;Gardner, S. G. 1557 ( RNG!); Sierra de Cabo de Gata, [36°47’ N, 2°14’ W], 5 November 1932, Sennen, F. 8275 ( MAF!); Almeria, [36°50’ N, 2°27’ W], April 1957, España, L. 1518 ( MAF!); entre Overa y Vera, [37°23’ N, 1°57’ W], Sagredo, H. s.n. ( MAF!); Sorbas, Rambla Mizada, pr. Cerro del Almendral WF 8599, 250 m [37°07’ N, 2°07’ W], 13 March 1999, Crespo, M. B.;Solana, J. L.; Barber, A.; Cristobal, J. C.;et al. s.n. ( ABH!); Atochares, [36°50’ N, 2°27’ W], 14 April 1982, Rico, E. s.n. ( SALA!); SORBAS, [37°07’ N, 2°07’ W], 21 January 1960, Rufino, Ho. s.n. ( SALA!); entre Pujaire e Cabo de Gata, 3 m [36°46’46” N, 2°13’43” W], 2 April 2007, Silveira, P.;& Carqueja MJM 2978 ( AVE!); Espanha, Almeria, entre Pujaire e Cabo de Gata, 3 m [36°46’46” N, 2°13’43” W], 2 April 2007, Silveira, P.;& Carqueja MJM 2979 ( AVE!); entre o farol de Cabo da Gata e La Fabriquilla, 54 m [36°43’46” N, 2°11’59” W], 2 April 2007, Silveira, P.;& Carqueja MJM 2980 ( AVE!); entre Pujaire e Cabo de Gata, 3 m [36°46’46” N, 2°13’43” W], 23 June 2009, Silveira, P. 3051 ( AVE!); 41 m 14 May 2010, Ivorra Jiménez A in Silveira, P. 3118 ( AVE!); a c. 3 km a SW de Tabernas, 346 m [37°02’10” N, 2°25’06” W], 7 March 2010, Nora, S. V. in Silveira, P. 3173 ( AVE!); entre Pujaire e Cabo de Gata, 3 m [36°46’46” N, 2°13’43” W], 7 March 2010, Nora, S. V. in Silveira, P. 3175 ( AVE!); estrada AL m3115 entre El Retamar e Pujaire, num caminho ao lado de uma casa abandonada, 31 m [36°49’39” N, 2°15’54” W], 7 March 2010, Nora, S. V. in Silveira, P. 3176 ( AVE!); 44 m [36°50’19” N, 2°17’35” W], 25 March 2012, Silveira, P.;Gonçalves, A. C. R. S.3192 ( AVE!); 14 m [36°48’51” N, 2°14’13” W], 25 March 2012, Silveira, P.;Gonçalves, A. C. R. S. 3194 1 ( AVE!); 14 m [36°48’51” N, 2°14’13” W], 25 March 2012, Silveira, P.;Gonçalves, A. C. R. S. 3194 2 ( AVE!); 3 m [36°46’46” N, 2°13’43” W], 26 March 2012, Silveira, P.;Gonçalves, A. C. R. S. 3198 c ( AVE!); 3 m [36°46’46” N, 2°13’43” W], 26 March 2012, Silveira, P.;Gonçalves, A. C. R. S. 3198 d ( AVE!); 31 m [36°49’39” N, 2°15’54” W], 26 March 2012, Silveira, P.;Gonçalves, A. C. R. S. 3199 ( AVE!); Andorra: Tramacastilla, [40°26’ N, 1°34’ W], Almagro, D. s.n. ( VAL!); Asturias: San Juan de la Arena, Soto del Barco, [43°33’31” N, 6°04’18” W], 20 February 1983, Aedo, C. s.n. ( MA!); La colonia de Santa Eulalia, [43°26’ N, 6°47’ W], 29 March 1959, Rigual, A. s.n. ( MA!); Castropol, [43°32’ N, 7°02’ W], 6 June 1952, Guinea, E. s.n. ( MA!); Avila: Ramacastañas, 400 m [40°11’ N, 5°02’ W], 1 March 1987, Vargas, P.;Guzmán; Luceño, M.; Martínez Escribano 1780 PV ( MA!); macizo central de Gredos, Candeleda, 450 m [40°09’ N, 5°14’ W], 2 May 1986, Vargas, P.;Luceño, M.; Martínez, V.;et al. 1035 PV ( MA!); Avilla, La Aldehuela, ermita, [40°39’ N, 4°42’ W], 26 March 1995, Balbas, A. G. s.n. ( SALA!); Badajoz: Zafra , alrededores, [38°25’ N, 6°25’ W], 1 November 1986, Vázques, F. s.n. ( MA!); Valle de Matamoros, [38°23’ N, 6°48’ W], 4 January 1987, Vázques, F. s.n. ( MA!); Fuente del Maestre, Sierra Rubio, [38°32’ N, 6°27’ W], 28 December 1986, Vázques, F. s.n. ( MA!); Badajoz, El Toril, [37°37’ N, 4°49’ W], 20 April 1950, Moreno Marques s.n. ( SEV!); Esparragosa de Lares, [38°58’ N, 5°16’ W], 18 April 1943, Guerrero, G. s.n. ( MA!); Medellin, 200 m [38°57’ N, 5°58’ W], 21 March 2001, Aedo, C.;et al. 6011 CA ( MA!); Badajoz, De Guareña a Don Benito, [38°53’ N, 6°58’ W], 10 April 1981, Tellez, T. R. s.n. ( SALA!); Badajoz, Merida, Cerro Cortija, [38°55’ N, 6°20’ W], 18 April 1982, Rico, E. s.n. ( SALA!); Barcelona: Barcelona, [41°23’ N, 2°11’ E], July 1900, Sennen, F. s.n. ( MA!); Catalogne, Barcelone, Barranco de Bellesguart, [41°23’ N, 2°11’ E], 9 June 1915, Sennen, F. 2705 ( MA, BC, W!); Barcelona, Monserrat, [41°36’ N, 1°49’ E], unclear s.n. ( MA!); Catalogne, Cabanas [...], [42°50’ N, 7°56’ W], 1908, Sennen, F. s.n. ( MA!); Catalonia, pr. Barcelona, [41°23’ N, 2°11’ E], Pau, C. s.n. ( MA!); Catalogne, ?????, [42°00’ N, 2°00’ E], 1900, Sennen, F. s.n. ( MA!); Barcelona, Villanueva y Geltrú, [41°23’ N, 2°11’ E], 1 June 1981, Devesa, J. A.;Luque, T.; Romero, C. 1696 81 ( SEV!); Barcelona, Monserrat, [41°36’ N, 1°49’ E], 19 April 1916, Sennen, F. s.n. ( BM!); Barcelona à Sarsia [?], [41°23’ N, 2°11’ E], 24 January 1903, Sennen, F. s.n. ( BM!); Massif du Lilidabo [?], [41°23’ N, 2°11’ E], 4 May 1918, Sennen, F. s.n. ( BM!); Catalogne, Premiá, [41°29’ N, 2°22’ E], 13 April 1914, Sennen, F. s.n. ( BM!); Catalogne, Castosa, [43°00’ N, 7°07’ W], 4 November 1909, Sennen, F. s.n. ( MA!); Barcelona à San Gervásio, [41°23’ N, 2°11’ E], July 1910, Sennen, F. s.n. ( BC!); Campos c. de Barcelona, [41°23’ N, 2°11’ E], May 1922, Cogolhos, J. 660 ( BC!); Catalogne [...], [42°00’ N, 2°00’ E], 12 April 1909, Sennen, F. s.n. ( BC!); Costas de Garraf, sables maritimus, [41°15’ N, 1°54’ E], 29 April 1930, Sennen, F. s.n. ( BC!); Barcelona [...], [41°23’ N, 2°11’ E], May 1918, Sennen, F. s.n. ( BC!); Anoia, el Bruc, Serral de Moixerigues, Si ( CG 90,83), 470 m [41°35’ N, 1°47’ E], 24 April 1981, Nuet Badia, J. s.n. ( BC!); Sta. Cren d’Olorde, [41°25’ N, 2°06’ E], 18 May 1941, A de B s.n. ( BC!); Tibidabo, [41°25’ N, 2°07’ E], 3 April 1995, Cervi, A. C.;Medeiros, N. 5553 ( BC!); Anoia, La Polba de Claramumt, Els Mallons, [41°33’ N, 1°41’ E], 5 March 77, Nuet Badia, J. s.n. ( BC!); S. Julia de Vilatorta, [41°55’ N, 2°19’ E], July 1867, Ferrer, M. s.n. ( BC!); Barcelona, [41°23’ N, 2°11’ E], Benth, H. 442 ( K!); N of Barcelona, [41°23’ N, 2°11’ E], 12 May 1952, Butcher, R. W. s.n. ( K!); Catalogne, Montserrat eboulis, [41°36’ N, 1°49’ E], 19 April 1916, Sennen, F. s.n. ( BC!); Baix Llobregat, Mas d’Eu Goll, [41°19’ N, 2°09’ E], 1 November 1970, Banau, J.;Andreu s.n. ( BC, BC!); Bages, Monistrol de Monserrat, Montserrat, 700 m [41°36’ N, 1°49’ E], 7 May 1981, Nuet Badia, J. s.n. ( BC!); Montes de Rubies, pr. Riu Barcelona, 410 m [41°23’ N, 2°11’ E], 29 April 1979, Romo, A. M. s.n. ( BC!); Llano de Barcelona, [41°23’ N, 2°11’ E], 10 May 72, Costa, A. C. 1153 ( BC!); [41°23’ N, 2°11’ E], 29 November 72, Costa, A. C. 1120 ( BC!); Catalogne, Cabanos, [42°50’ N, 7°56’ W], 30 April 1908, Sennen, F. s.n. ( BC!); Baix Llobregat, Collbató, camí de la Vinya Nova, 405 m [41°19’ N, 2°09’ E], 15 March 1981, Nuet Badia, J. s.n. ( BC!); Bages, [41°45’ N, 1°50’ E], 1910, Font Quer, P. s.n. ( BC!); Mas de les Fonst, Vallirana, 450 m [41°23’ N, 1°56’ E], 8 April 1990, Nimot, J. M. s.n. ( BCN!); Barcelona, Gová, [41°23’ N, 2°11’ E], 30 May 1929, Cuatrecasas, J. s.n. ( SANT!); Katalonien, prov. Gerona, Costa Brava, [41°45’ N, 3°04’ E], BGBD (Bot. Gar. Berlin mDahlem) 716 in Silveira, P. 3080 ( AVE!); 125 m [41°25’41” N, 2°02’25” E], 1 April 2012, Silveira, P.;Gonçalves, A. C. R. S. 3208 ( AVE!); prox de um castelo, 142 m [41°24’45” N, 2°01’54” E], 1 April 2012, Silveira, P.;Gonçalves, A. C. R. S. 3209 a ( AVE!); 142 m [41°24’45” N, 2°01’54” E], 1 April 2012, Silveira, P.;Gonçalves, A. C. R. S. 3209 b ( AVE!); Cantabria: Santoña, [43°26’29” N, 3°27’27” W], 2 November 1984, Herrera , M. s.n. ( MA!); [43°26’29” N, 3°27’27” W], 1 April 1986, Aedo, C. s.n. ( MA!); [43°26’29” N, 3°27’27” W], 1 April 1986, Herrera , M. s.n. ( MA!); [43°26’29” N, 3°27’27” W], 1 April 1986, Herrera , M. s.n. ( MA!); Castellón: Sarratella, próximo Nas de Villalonga, 700 m [40°19’ N, 0°02’ E], 27 February 1993, Fabregat, C.;López Udias, S. 4144 ( MA!); Benicasim, [40°03’ N, 0°04’ E], 2 March 1984, Mateo, G. s.n. ( MA!); Castelon, Culla, base de la Sierra Espaneguera, 600 m [40°18’ N, 0°05’ W], 23 February 1992, Fabregat, C.;López Udias, S. 2561 ( MA!); Peñagolosa, [40°13’ N, 0°21’ W], La Gasca s.n. ( MA!); Ciudad Real: San Lorenzo de Calatrava, cerro de la Encantada, 850 m [38°28’ N, 3°50’ W], 26 March 2002, Quintanar, A. 88300 ( MA!); Puerto de Mestanza, 980 m [38°35’ N, 4°04’ W], 21 April 1979, Ladero, M.;Chiscano, P. s.n. ( MA!); Almodovar del Campo, valle del rio Guadalmez, 500 m [38°43’ N, 4°10’ W], 7 March 1998, Garcia Rios, R. s.n. ( MA!); Ciudad Real, Solana del Pino, conjunto montañoso de Sierra Madrona, Valle del Rio Robledillo, 540 m [38°24’ N, 3°58’ W], 10 February 1996, Garcia Rios, R.;Perez, J. B. s.n. ( SALA!); Cuidad Real, Fuencaliente, Valmayor, 700 m [41°44’ N, 3°11’ W], 23 March 1996, Garcia Rios, R. s.n. ( SALA!); Fuencaliente, Sierra Madrona ( S. del Cotillo), Valle Arroyo de la Parra, 760 m [41°44’ N, 3°11’ W], 9 March 1996, Garcia Rios, R.;Perez, J. B. s.n. ( SALA!); Cuidad Real, Puertollano, Sierra de Puertollano, subida a Fuente, 880 m [38°41’ N, 4°07’ W], 1 April 1995, Perez, J. B.;Garcia Rios, R. s.n. ( SALA!); Cuidad Real, Moral de Calatrava, Sierra del Moral, [38°50’ N, 3°35’ W], 12 March 1988, Monge, C.;Abello, A. R. s.n. ( MACB!); Cuenca: Cuenca, Valeria, 30SWK70, [39°47’ N, 2°09’ W], 21 May 1995, Pinillos, J. s.n. ( VAL!); Cuenca, El Cañavate, 30SWJ57, [39°32’ N, 2°18’ W], 7 May 1999, Pinillos, J. s.n. ( VAL!); Cáceres: Guadalupe, [39°27’ N, 5°19’ W], 16 June 1948, Caballero, A. s.n. ( MA!); Mirabel, [39°52’ N, 6°14’ W], 7 March 1980, Belmonte, D. s.n. ( MA!); Jerte, [40°13’ N, 5°45’ W], 23 March 1968, Segura Zubizarreta, A. s.n. ( MA!); Sierra de Altamira, entre Galvín y Valdelacasa de Tajo, [39°43’ N, 5°17’ W], 26 May 1984, Castroviejo, S. 9036 SC ( MA!); Cáceres, Cilleros, [40°07’ N, 6°47’ W], 1 March 1981, Franzi, A. V. s.n. ( SALA!); Cáceres, Majadas, [39°57’ N, 5°45’ W], 19 March 1983, Tellez, R. 4277 ( SALA!); Cáceres, Perales del Puerto, [39°29’ N, 6°22’ W], 5 March 1978, Franzi, A. V. s.n. ( SALA!); Cáceres, Almaraz, [39°49’ N, 5°41’ W], 25 April 1987, Ladero, M.;Santos s.n. ( SALA!); Cáceres, Finca de la Alberca, [39°29’ N, 6°22’ W], 3 April 1986, Ladero, M.;Santos s.n. ( SALA!); Cáceres, Torremenga, [40°03’ N, 5°46’W], 20 March 1989, Amor, A. s.n. ( SALA!); Cáceres, Hervas, [40°16’ N, 5°51’ W], 13 November 1987, González, R.;Rodríguez, J. A. S. s.n. ( SALA!); [40°16’ N, 5°51’ W], 18 April 1994, González, R. s.n. ( SALA!); Cáceres, Hervas, Las Dehesillas, [40°16’ N, 5°51’ W], 18 April 1994, Rodríguez, J. A. S. s.n. ( SALA!); Cáceres, Hervas, Puente de Hierro, [40°16’ N, 5°51’ W], 30 January 1997, Arco, C. J. s.n. ( SALA!); Cádiz: 23 km from Jerez de la Frontera, 130 m [36°41’ N, 6°08’ W], 22 December 1993, Jury, S. L.;Jury, L. C. 13110 ( BM, MA, RNG!); 5 km S of Sanlucar de Barrameda, [36°47’ N, 6°21’ W], 24 April 1973, Leadlay, E. A.;Smith, V. A. W.; Petty, B.; Sutton, C. J. 510 ( BM!); Palomino de Olvera, 400 m [36°56’ N, 5°16’ W], 16 January 2000, Otero, A. 21 ( MA!); Puerto Real a Cádiz, [36°32’ N, 6°11’ W], unclear s.n. ( MA!); Província de Cádiz, [36°32’01” N, 6°17’58” W], 12 February 1980, Molesworth Allen, B. 11368 ( SEV!); entre Chipiona y Rota, Pinar de La Ballena, [36°44’ N, 6°26’ W], 27 January 1978, Cabezudo, B.;Silvestre, S. s.n. ( SEV!); entre Estepa y Bornos, [37°18’ N, 4°54’ W], 11 September 1977, Silvestre, S.;Soler, A. 824 77 ( SEV!); El Cuervo, Montegil, [36°51’ N, 6°02’ W], 2 February 1968, Galiano, E. F.;et al. 878 68 ( SEV!); El Cuervo, [36°51’ N, 6°02’ W], 24 March 1968, Gutierrez, N.;Silvestre, S.; Valdés, B. 1196 68 ( SEV!); Alcalá de los Gazules, [36°28’ N, 5°44’ W], 8 March 1970, Cabezudo, B. s.n. ( SEV!); Puerto de Santa Maria, carretera de Jerez a Rota, Balbaína, [36°41’ N, 6°14’ W], 27 January 1978, Cabezudo, B.;Silvestre, S. s.n. ( SEV!); Tarifa, Sierra de Ojén, Cerro de la Parra, 500 m [36°00’45” N, 5°36’20” W], 30 March 1980, Arroyo, J.;et al. s.n. ( SEV!); Los Barrios, carretera de Algeciras a Los Barrios, km 6, 60 m [36°11’ N, 5°30’ W], 19 March 1981, Arroyo, J.;Fernández; Gil, J. x 2130 81 ( SEV!); Laguna de la Janda, [36°15’ N, 5°51’ W], 8 December 1965, Galiano, E. F.;Novo, J. s.n. ( SEV!); Chiclana, [36°25’ N, 6°08’ W], 8 February 1969, Gibbs, P. E. s.n. ( SEV!); Tarifa 2 mi. to NW, [36°00’45” N, 5°36’20” W], 27 March 1969, Heywood, V. H.;Moore, D. M.; et al. 167 ( SEV, RNG!); Espera, Los Jijos, [36°52’ N, 5°48’ W], 10 May 1974, Silvestre, S. s.n. ( SEV!); Algodonales, Sierra de Lijar, 500 m [36°53’ N, 5°25’ W], 5 April 1979, Aparicio, A.;Cabezudo, B.; Silvestre, S. s.n. ( SEV!); Chiclana de la Frontera, cantera junto a la Ermita de Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, [36°25’ N, 6°08’ W], 27 March 1981, Romero, C.;Silvestre, S. s.n. ( SEV!); Chiclana de la Frontera, Ermita de Santa Ana, [36°25’ N, 6°08’ W], 27 March 1981, Romero, C.;Silvestre, S. s.n. ( SEV!); [36°25’ N, 6°08’ W], 27 March 1981, Romero, C.;Silvestre, S. s.n. ( SEV!); entre Zahara y Grazalema, Puerto Acebuches, Llano del Pozo, frente a la campronera, 900 m [36°46’ N, 5°22’ W], 29 March 1980, Martínez, A. s.n. ( SEV!); entre Zahara y Grazalema, Puerto Acebuches, Cerro del Pluviómetro, 800 m 900 m, [36°50’ N, 5°24’ W], 16 February 1980, Martínez, A. s.n. ( SEV!); 800 m [36°50’ N, 5°24’ W], 16 February 1980, Martínez, A. s.n. ( SEV!); Tarifa, Sierra de Saladavieja, Llanura entre Molino de Enmedio y Rio Almodovar, 100 m 200 m, [36°00’45” N, 5°36’20” W], 30 March 1980, Amor, F.;Arroyo, J. s.n. ( SEV!); Algeciras, Sierra de Luna, 100 m [36°07’39” N, 5°27’14” W], 4 February 1968, Galiano, E. F.;et al. s.n. ( SEV!); entre San José del Valle y Paterna, km 13, [36°31’ N, 5°52’ W], 2 November 1979, Devesa, J. A.;Luque, T.; Romero, C. 5598 79 ( SEV!); alrededores de Los Barrios, [36°11’ N, 5°30’ W], 3 February 1968, Galiano, E. F.;et al. s.n. ( SEV!); Pozo Amargo, hacia Coripe, [36°58’ N, 5°26’ W], 4 May 1979, Candau, P.;Fernández, I. 2521 79 ( SEV!); Arcos de la Frontera, huerta de la Morena, [36°45’ N, 5°48’ W], 3 February 1978, Silvestre, S.;et al. s.n. ( SEV!); Algodonales, Sierra de Lijar, 500 m 1000 m, [36°53’ N, 5°25’ W], 19 January 1980, Aparicio, A. 2 80 ( SEV!); 500 m [36°53’ N, 5°25’ W], 19 January 1980, Aparicio, A. s.n. ( SEV!); Jerez de la Frontera on San Lucar road, 45 m [36°41’ N, 6°08’ W], 17 April 1951, Alston, A. H. G. 10223 ( BM!); at Algar, near Arios, 92 m [36°39’ N, 5°39’ W], 2 May 1961, Stace, C. A. 399 ( BM!); [36°08’03” N, 5°20’45” W], 22 December 1911, Wolley mDod, A. H. 79 ( BM!); de Puerto de Santa Maria a Cádiz, 30 m [36°36’ N, 6°14’ W], 20 March 1974, González, A.;López, G. s.n. ( MA!); Grazalema, Sierra S Cristobal, [36°46’ N, 5°22’ W], Gredilla s.n. ( MA!); del Puerto de Santa Maria a Cádiz, [36°36’ N, 6°14’ W], 16 March 1974, González, A.;López, G. 1961 GF ( MA!); ex rupibus calcareis montis Calpes, 14 June 1851, Ball, J. s.n. ( K!); circa oppidum Puerto de Sta. Maria, [36°36’ N, 6°14’ W], 11 February 1845, Willkomm, H. M. 432 ( K!); [36°08’ N, 5°20’ W], February 1841, Lemann, C. s.n. ( K!); Gibraltar, [36°08’ N, 5°20’ W], December 1840, Lemann, C. s.n. ( K!); roadside near Algeciras, [36°07’39” N, 5°27’14” W], 13 April 1913, Wolley mDod, A. H. 1766 ( K!); October 1847, Hurst, H. A. s.n. ( K!); 5 km S of Sanlucar de Barrameda., [36°47’ N, 6°21’ W], 24 April 1973, Leadlay, E. A.;Smith, V. A. W.; Petty, B.; Sutton, C. J. 520 ( RNG!); Jerez. Garrique, main road N of Jerez, [36°41’ N, 6°08’ W], 9 April 1977, Dent, C. M. 141 ( RNG!); Algeciras. Sierra de Luna, 100 m [36°07’39” N, 5°27’14” W], 4 February 1968, Galiano, E. F.;Heywood, V. H.; Silvestre, S.; Valdés, B. s.n. ( RNG!); Algeciras, [36°07’39” N, 5°27’14” W], April 1971, Carr, J. W. 701 ( RNG!); upper plataform of Cable Car, 24 March 1969, Heywood, V. H.;Moore, D. M.; et al. 4 ( RNG!); Algeciras, [36°07’39” N, 5°27’14” W], 21 November 1962, unknwon s.n. ( SANT!); Zahara de la Sierra, cercanias del pueblo, [36°08’08” N, 5°50’43” W], 9 January 1983, Aparicio, A.;et al. s.n. ( SALA, SEV!); Cádiz, Puerto de Cabanas by Olvera, [36°56’ N, 5°16’ W], NCRPIS ( USDA) PI 597586 in Silveira, P. 3099 ( AVE!); … sa¡da da povoa‡AEo pela Calle del Retiro em dire‡AEo … N 340, 126 m [36°15’22” N, 5°57’57” W], 24 March 2012, Silveira, P.;Gonçalves, A. C. R. S. 3187 ( AVE!); 126 m [36°15’22” N, 5°57’57” W], 24 March 2012, Silveira, P.;Gonçalves, A. C. R. S. 3188 ( AVE!); 126 m [36°15’22” N, 5°57’57” W], 24 March 2012, Silveira, P.;Gonçalves, A. C. R. S. 3189 ( AVE!); Córdoba: entre Almodovar y Posadas, orillas del rio Guadiato, [37°48’ N, 5°06’ W], 28 February 1974, Cabezudo, B.;Silvestre, S. 79 74 ( MA!); Córdoba, carretera de Guadalcazar, a partir de la N mIV, arcenes de los 5 primeros kms, [37°45’ N, 4°56’ W], 16 March 1979, Muñoz, J.;Varela, J. s.n. ( SEV!); Comarca de los Pedroches, Dos Torres, Cortijo de Josefa Calvo, [38°27’ N, 4°54’ W], 9 May 1976, Devesa, J. A. s.n. ( SEV!); Comarca de Los Pedroches, Pozoblanco, inmediaciones del A. Sta. Maria, [38°22’ N, 4°51’ W], 6 November 1977, Devesa, J. A. s.n. ( SEV!); Comarca de Los Pedroches, Belalcázar, Finca El Palomar, [38°34’ N, 5°10’ W], 17 September 1976, Devesa, J. A. s.n. ( SEV!); Comarca de Los Pedroches, Belalcázar, La Encinilla, [38°34’ N, 5°10’ W], 28 September 1976, Devesa, J. A. s.n. ( SEV!); Comarca de Los Pedroches, Pozoblanco, Cortijo de la Romana, [38°22’ N, 4°51’ W], 2 April 1976, Devesa, J. A. s.n. ( SEV!); Comarca de Los Pedroches, Torrecampo, ribajos del rio Guadamora, [38°28’ N, 4°40’ W], 16 May 1976, Devesa, J. A. s.n. ( SEV!); Comarca de Los Pedroches, Cardeña, Torrubia, [38°01’ N, 3°40’ W], 23 May 1976, Devesa, J. A. s.n. ( SEV!); pr. Hornachuelos, puente del Madroño, 370 m [37°50’ N, 5°14’ W], 12 May 2006, Aedo, C. 12736 ( MA!); Castro del Rio, [37°41’ N, 4°28’ W], 4 April 1955, Ciado, A. s.n. ( SANT!); Córdoba [37°53’ N, 4°46’ W], 4 May 1924, Ellman, E.;Hubbard, C. 64 ( K!); Gerona: Girona, Navata, [42°13’ N, 2°52’ E], June 1981, Devesa, J. A.;Luque, T.; Romero, C. 2012 81 ( SEV!); Girona, La Sellera, [41°58’ N, 2°38’ E], October 1916, Cadina s.n. ( BC!); Girona, La Sellera i Sant Julia del Llor, [41°59’ N, 2°49’ E], 25 October 1920, unclear 300 ( BC!); Blanes, [41°41’ N, 2°48’ E], 19 March 1945, Font Quer, P. s.n. ( BC!); Gerona, Camprodón, [41°59’ N, 2°49’ E], April 1922, Cuatrecasas, J. s.n. ( MAF!); [41°59’ N, 2°49’ E], May 1922, Cuatrecasas, J. s.n. ( MAF!); Granada: 5 km E of Ugijar on C. 331, Alpujarra Alta, [36°57’ N, 3°03’ W], 12 April 1973, Leadlay, E. A.;Smith, V. A. W.; Petty, B.; Sutton, C. J. 19 ( BM, RNG!); Almuñecar, [36°43’ N, 3°41’ W], May 1907, Vicioso, C.;Vicioso, B. s.n. ( MA!); [36°43’ N, 3°41’ W], April 1907, Vicioso, B. s.n. ( MA!); Granada, [37°11’ N, 3°36’ W], unclear s.n. ( MA!); Guadix, [37°18’ N, 3°08’ W], 28 April 1973, Galiano, E. F.;Silvestre, S.; Valdés, B. 1385 73 ( SEV!); entrada a La Alpujarra, Yegen, 980 m [36°59’ N, 3°08’ W], 21 May 1976, Cabezudo, B. 1076 76 ( SEV!); Granada [?], Roque, [37°11’ N, 3°36’ W], April 1902, Cenza s.n. ( BM!); Almuñecar, [36°43’ N, 3°41’ W], Vicioso, C. s.n. ( MA!); [36°43’ N, 3°41’ W], May 1907, Vicioso, C. 83 ( MA!); pr. Torvizcón, 970 m [36°53’ N, 3°18’ W], 14 April 2002, Aedo, C. 7536 ( MA!); [36°43’ N, 3°41’ W], Vicioso, B. s.n. ( MA!); puerto del Suspiro del Moro, junto à la carretera N m323, km 151, 900 m [37°04’ N, 3°39’ W], 28 April 2000, Vargas, P.;Fiz, O.; Martínez, J.; Valcárcel, V. 125 PV ( MA, SALA, JAEN!); Sevilla et Granada, [37°11’ N, 3°36’ W], unknown 432 ( K!); Granada, [37°11’ N, 3°36’ W], Willkomm, H. M. 915 ( K!); [37°11’ N, 3°36’ W], April 1852, Lange, J. s.n. ( C!); Guadalajara: Sacedón, [40°29’ N, 2°43’ W], 11 May 1969, Bellot, F.;Ron s.n. ( MA!); Guadalajara, [40°38’ N, 3°10’ W], 19 April 1986, Lamata, F. s.n. ( MA!); Guadalajara, P. de Entrepeñas, entre Cuenca y Guadalajara, [40°38’ N, 3°10’ W], 3 February 1977, Izco, J. s.n. ( SANT!); Baides, [41°00’ N, 2°46’ W], 9 March 1980, Llansana, R. s.n. ( MACB!); Guipúzcoa: Irun, alrededores del campo de futbol, [43°21’ N, 1°47’ W], 21 September 1983, Salaverria, M. A. 002858 ( ARAN!); Huelva: Huelva, Almonte, Reserva Biológica de Doñana, Carretera de Matalascañas, [37°15’53” N, 6°30’59” W], 3 March 1966, Galiano, E. F.;Novo, J. s.n. ( SEV!); Huelva, entre El Rocío y Torre la Higuera, [37°08’00” N, 6°29’16” W], 21 March 1978, Devesa, J. A. s.n. ( SEV!); Huelva, El Almendro, [37°30’ N, 7°16’ W], 11 March 1977, Cabezudo, B.;Silvestre, S. 152 77 ( SEV!); Huelva, Valdezufre, [37°52’ N, 6°29’ W], 26 April 1975, Cabezudo, B. 1188 75 ( SEV!); Huelva, Sierra de Aracena, Jabugo, [37°55’ N, 6°44’ W], 23 May 1978, Rivera , J.;Cabezudo, B. 1856 R ( SEV!); Huelva, entre Almonte y Bollullos del Condado, [37°15’53” N, 6°30’59” W], 12 March 1978, Cabezudo, B.;et al. 764 78 ( SEV!); Huelva, Sierra de Aracena, Higuera de la Sierra, [37°50’ N, 6°27’ W], 14 April 1978, Rivera , J. 863 R ( SEV!); Huelva, Sierra de Aracena, entre Valdeflores y Aracena, cruce a Zufre, [37°44’ N, 6°21’ W], 10 March 1978, Rivera , J. 123 R ( SEV!); Huelva, Sierra de Aracena, Entre Higuera de la Sierra y Valdezufre, [37°50’ N, 6°27’ W], 10 March 1978, Rivera , J. 205 R ( SEV!); Huelva, Sierra de Aracena, encima de Linares de la Sierra, [37°53’ N, 6°37’ W], 7 April 1978, Rivera , J. 384 R ( SEV!); Huelva, Sierra de Aracena, entrada a navahermosa, [37°55’ N, 6°40’ W], 25 April 1978, Rivera , J. 1216 R ( SEV!); Huelva, Sierra de Aracena, entre Valdeflores e Higuera de la Sierra, arroyo del Rey, [37°44’ N, 6°21’ W], 24 February 1978, Rivera , J. 64 78 ( SEV, RNG!); Huelva, Sierra de Aracena, entre Fuenteheridos y Alajar, repetidor de teléfonos, [37°54’ N, 6°39’ W], 14 April 1978, Rivera , J. 634 R ( SEV!); Huelva, Sierra de Aracena, Alajar, [37°52’ N, 6°39’ W], 5 May 1978, Rivera , J. 1415 R ( SEV!); Huelva, Lepe, entrada dirección Huelva, Ayamonte, laderas de la carretera, [37°15’ N, 7°12’ W], 20 February 1979, Gómez, J. M. s.n. ( SEV!); Huelva, Moguer, Playa de El Loro, [37°16’33” N, 6°50’08” W], 10 November 1980, Silvestre, S. s.n. ( SEV!); Huelva, Sierra de Aracena, entre La Corte de Santa Ana y Almonáster la Real, [37°52’ N, 6°47’ W], 12 May 1978, Cabezudo, B.; Rivera , J.; Silvestre, S. 1689 R ( SEV!); Huelva, entre el Rocío y Matalascañas, [37°08’00” N, 6°29’16” W], 19 March 1968, Galiano, E. F.;Silvestre, S.; Valdés, B. 1172 68 ( SEV!); Ayamonte, [37°13’ N, 7°24’ W], 5 May 1903, Pau, C. s.n. ( MA!); Huelva, [37°15’30” N, 6°57’03” W], Pau, C. s.n. ( MA!); Huesca: Huesca, Angüés, 510 m [42°07’ N, 0°09’ W], 21 April 1984, Aizpuru, I. 19721 ( MA, ARAN!); 4, 3 km NW de Peñalba, 325 m [41°31’02” N, 0°02’32” W], 31 March 2012, Silveira, P.;Gonçalves, A. C. R. S. 3207 ( AVE!); Islas Baleáres: about 5 km ESE of Esporlas and 1 km west of S’ Esgleieta cross mroads, towards Esporlas, 120 m [39°40’ N, 2°34’ E], 16 February 1971, Ferguson, L. F.;Ferguson, I. K. 3007 ( BM!); Baleáres, Ciutadella, Camí de Sa Malagarba, 80 m 25 October 1998, Fraga , P.;Arguimbad s.n. ( MA!); Mallorca, Puig Rodò, Sa Vileta mSon Quint, Palma , 150 m [39°30’ N, 3°00’ E], 3 January 1999, Sàez, L. 5179 ( MA!); Baleáres, Mahón, [39°53’ N, 4°15’ E], 20 January 1900, Pons , A.;Guerau s.n. ( MA!); Mallorca, [39°30’ N, 3°00’ E], September 1911, Pau, C. s.n. ( MA!); Baleáres, Ibiza, [39°00’ N, 1°25’ E], April 1899, Pau, C. s.n. ( MA!); Palma , [39°30’ N, 3°00’ E], 29 September 1946, Ferrer, P. s.n. ( MA!); Cabrera, [39°09’ N, 2°56’ E], 19 April 1948, Ferrer, P. s.n. ( MA!); “Flora Caprerense, Casas d’Es Port”, [39°09’ N, 2°56’ E], 2 June 1947, Ferrer, P. s.n. ( MA!); Ibiza, c. del Puerto, [39°00’ N, 1°25’ E], 12 April 1949, Ferrer, P. s.n. ( MA!); Mallorca, Génova, [39°30’ N, 3°00’ E], 2 March 1952, Ferrer, P. 427 ( MA, SANT, BC!); Ibiza, Santa Eulalia, [39°00’ N, 1°25’ E], 6 June 1981, Devesa, J. A.;Luque, T.; Romero, C. 2198 81 ( SEV!); Mallorca, Baleáres, Ca’n Picafort, friche vers la rivière, [39°30’ N, 3°00’ E], 4 April 1977, Duvigneaud, J. 77 E 40 ( SEV!); Algaida, about 25 km from Manacor on the C 715 to Plama, 250 m [39°34’ N, 3°12’ E], 3 June 1966, Bowden, L. F.;Sims, P. A. 322 ( BM!); Ibiza, fields around village of Talamanca about 2 km east of Ibiza, along coast, [39°00’ N, 1°25’ E], 5 May 1968, Bowden, L. F.;Sims, P. A. 1603 ( BM!); on shingle beach of the Playa, Puerto Soller, [39°46’ N, 2°42’ E], 4 June 1954, Cannon, M. J.;Cannon, J. F. M. 2697 ( BM!); Mallorca, Bellver, Palma , 700 m [39°30’ N, 3°00’ E], 23 January 1921, Godman, E. M 8 ( BM!); Ibiza, San antonio Abad, [39°00’ N, 1°25’ E], September 1982, Aedo, C. s.n. ( MA!); Baleáres, Mallorca, entre Andraitx y el puerto de Andraitx, 110 m [39°30’ N, 3°00’ E], 13 August 1994, Izuzquiza, A.;Campón, A. 2730 AI ( MA!); Baleáres, Ibiza, [39°00’ N, 1°25’ E], April 1899, Pau, C. s.n. ( MA!); Mallorca, Génova, [39°30’ N, 3°00’ E], 2 March 1952, Ferrer, P. 471 ( COI!); Illa de S’ Espartar, próximo Eivissa, [38°57’ N, 1°12’ E], 25 May 1918, Gros , E. s.n. ( BC!); Ilha de Tagomago próximo de Eivissa, [39°02’ N, 1°39’ E], 4 June 1918, Gros , E. s.n. ( BC!); in Pyttunsis, Eivissa, Sa Rota Vella de Corona, [39°00’ N, 1°25’ E], 12 April 1960, Bolos, O. s.n. ( BC!); al costat de les cases del Port, [...] del camí d’el Castel, [39°09’ N, 2°56’ E], 19 April 1948, Ferrer, P. s.n. ( BC!); Eivissa, Santa Gertrudis, [39°00’ N, 1°25’ E], 1 June 1981, Maledona s.n. ( BC!); Eivissa, Playa d’En Bossa, [38°53’ N, 1°24’ E], 23 March 1918, Font Quer, P. s.n. ( BC!); Eivissa, Pla de Vila, [39°00’ N, 1°25’ E], 27 March 1918, Font Quer, P. s.n. ( BC!); Illa de Cabrera, canal de les Quatre Quatre, sades fi del ami, jujanta la cara d’es garriguer, [39°09’ N, 2°56’ E], 12 June 1933, Mareos, A. s.n. ( BC!); Eivissa, Illa Plana, [39°12’ N, 2°59’ E], 22 March 1918, Font Quer, P. s.n. ( BC!); Mahon, [39°53’ N, 4°15’ E], November 1912, Font Quer, P. s.n. ( BC!); [...] Mahon, [39°53’ N, 4°15’ E], 20 January 1913, Font Quer, P. s.n. ( BC!); Menorca, entre Mahón y S. Luis, [39°53’ N, 4°15’ E], 13 February 1913, Font Quer, P. s.n. ( BC!); Palma de Mallorca , Porto Pi, [39°34’ N, 2°39’ E], March 1917, Font Quer, P. s.n. ( BC!); Pont d’Inca, [39°43’ N, 2°54’ E], 6 November 1916, Bianor mMaire, F. s.n. ( BC!); Menorca, entre Mahon y C. Luis, [39°53’ N, 4°15’ E], 19 February 1913, Font Quer, P. s.n. ( BC!); Cabrera, camí d’er Castel, [39°09’ N, 2°56’ E], 19 April 1948, Ferrer, P. s.n. ( BC!); Menorca, Mahon, [39°53’ N, 4°15’ E], 12 April 1885, Porta , P.;Rigo, G. s.n. ( K!); Soller, [39°46’ N, 2°42’ E], 19 March 29, Edmonds, M. E. 7 ( K!); Majorca, [39°30’ N, 3°00’ E], February 1827, Cambris s.n. ( K!); [39°30’ N, 3°00’ E], February 1921, unknwon 11 ( K!); Mallorca, Puerto?Pollenga?, [39°30’ N, 3°00’ E], 4 April 29, Edmonds, M. E. 166 ( K!); Mallaroca, Pollença, [39°53’ N, 3°01’ E], 12 December 34, Martindale, G. E. 88 ( K!); Mallorca, Pollença, [39°53’ N, 3°01’ E], 21 December 35, Martindale, G. E. 181 ( K!); Mallorca, Valdemossa, [39°30’ N, 3°00’ E], 31 March 31, unclear 145 ( K!); Palum de Mallorca, [39°30’ N, 3°00’ E], 20 March 1918, Font Quer, P. s.n. ( BC!); Maho, [39°53’ N, 4°15’ E], 9 January 1913, Font Quer, P. s.n. ( BC!); Ibiza, Santa Eulalia, [38°59’ N, 1°30’ E], 7 December 1968, Parker, C. Ib 1 ( RNG!); Menorca, Ciutadella, Naveta de Tudons, around aecheological site on road to Maó, c. 7 km from Ciutadella, [40°00’ N, 4°00’ E], 25 April 2004, Jury, S. L. 20003 ( RNG!); Es cana near Santa Eulalia, [40°00’ N, 4°00’ E], 24 May 1966, Cannon, J. F. M.;Cannon, M. J. 3169 ( RNG!); Mallorca, [39°30’ N, 3°00’ E], April 1968, Pedersen, A. s.n. ( C!); [39°30’ N, 3°00’ E], 20 March 1967, Lütken, P. s.n. ( C!); Balearen, Mallorca, N Alcudia, Bon Aire, Kalk, [39°52’ N, 3°07’ E], Dürbye/Kirchhoff 1218 in BGBD 717 in Silveira, P. 3081 ( AVE!); Jaén: Andújar, merendero, 250 m [38°03’ N, 4°04’ W], 30 January 1993, Molina , J. R. s.n. ( MA!); Baños de la Encina, Charca de la Enea, [38°10’ N, 3°46’ W], 22 July 1992, Molina , J. R. s.n. ( MA!); Colegio Universitario, 440 m [37°46’ N, 3°47’ W], 2 April 1984, Fernández, C. 125 ( MA, GDA, SALA!); Siles, 740 m [38°23’ N, 2°35’ W], 1 May 1985, Soriano, C. s.n. ( MA!); La Puerta de Segura , junto a la carretera de Orcera, 500 m [38°19’ N, 2°39’ W], 1 April 1985, Soriano, C. s.n. ( MA!); Villanueva del Arzobsipo, vertiente meridional del cerro Corentia, 1080 m [38°10’ N, 3°00’ W], 1 May 1985, Soriano, C. s.n. ( MA!); Colegio Universitario, 400 m [37°46’ N, 3°47’ W], 20 March 1983, Espinosa , M. A. 831351 ( MA!); Jaén, entre La Carolina y El Centenillo, [38°20’ N, 3°44’ W], 12 April 1988, Herrera , J.;Romero, C.; Talavera, S. 40 88 ( SEV!); Aldeaquemada, alrededores del pueblo, [38°24’ N, 3°22’ W], 28 May 1953, Galiano, E. F. s.n. ( SEV!); Jaén, near Cazorla, 400 m [37°55’ N, 3°00’ W], 6 April 1979, Molesworth Allen, B. 11172 ( SEV!); Jaén, cerca de Aldeaquemada, ladera del rio Guarrizas, [38°24’ N, 3°22’ W], 27 May 1980, Luque, T.;Ubera, J.; Valdés, B. s.n. ( SEV, RNG!); Villanueva de La Reina a Espeluy, 240 m [38°02’ N, 3°52’ W], 1 November 2002, Casado Ponce, D. s.n. ( MA, JAEN!); [37°46’ N, 3°47’ W], 27 April 1941, Guinea, E. s.n. ( MA!); Jaén, Jódar, Cerro Nando, [37°50’ N, 3°21’ W], 27 April 1941, Guinea, E. s.n. ( MA!); Jaén, entre Sta Elena y Despeñaperros, a unos 3 km de Sta Elena, 600 m 700 m, [38°20’ N, 3°32’ W], 7 March 1988, Pedrol, J. 2572 JP ( MA!); Jaén, Cazorla, 1400 m [37°55’ N, 3°00’ W], 22 March 1952, Roivainen, H. s.n. ( K!); Jaén. roadside c. 1 km W of Jimena, c. 35 km E of Jaén, [36°26’ N, 5°27’ W], 7 April 1970, Fraser mJenkins, C. R. 210 ( RNG!); Jaén, roadside S of Rio Guadalquivivir between Peal de Becerro & Torreperogil, between Ubeda & Cazorla, [36°47’ N, 6°22’ W], 3 April 1970, Fraser mJenkins, C. R. 174 ( RNG!); Jaén, Sierra de Cazorla, between Carzola & Peal, [37°55’ N, 3°00’ W], 28 May 1962, Kjellquvist, E.;Löve, A. N 339 ( RNG!); roadsides between Cazorla and Peal, [37°55’ N, 3°00’ W], 28 May 1962, Löve, A.;Kjellqvist, E. 339 ( LD!); Jaén, Sierra Morena, Venta de Cárdenas, [38°29’ N, 7°00’ W], April, Lázaro, B. s.n. ( MAF!); Santa Elena, Puerto de Despeñaperros, 850 m [37°46’ N, 3°47’ W], 26 April 1989, Montserrat, P.;Gómez, D.; Garcia, R. s.n. ( ABH, JACA!); La Coruña: Sta Uxía de Ribeira, por la carretera de Corrubedo, [42°34’ N, 9°05’ W], 27 January 1993, Oubiña, J. R. s.n. ( MA!); arenales de Corrubedo, [42°34’ N, 9°05’ W], Merino, P. 81 ( MA!); Sta Uxía de Ribeira, por la carretera de Corrubedo, [42°33’ N, 9°00’ W], 27 January 1993, Oubiña, J. R. s.n. ( COI, SANT!); Sta. Uxía de Ribeira, por la careterra de Corrubedo, [42°34’ N, 9°05’ W], 21 January 1993, Oubiña, J. R. s.n. ( VAL, SALA, SANT!); Caranza (Ferrol), [43°29’ N, 8°12’ W], 3 November 2003, Fagundez, J. 1964 ( SANT!); Covas, Santa Comba (Ferrol), [42°57’ N, 9°05’ W], 18 February 2001, Fagundez, J. 1478 ( SANT!); Lodoño, [43°10’ N, 8°25’ W], 23 February 1986, Abuin, J. s.n. ( SANT!); Covas, Santa Comba (Ferrol), 40 m [42°57’ N, 9°05’ W], 18 February 2001, Fagundez, J. 1477 ( SANT!); A Coruña, Rianxo, Brion, Leivo, 60 m [42°39’ N, 8°53’ W], 21 March 1997, Real, V. s.n. ( SANT!); Covas, Santa Comba (Ferrol), 30 m [42°57’ N, 9°05’ W], 7 July 1994, Gómez, F.X. s.n. ( SANT!); Boiro, Cabo de Cruz, Praia de Caranguejos, [43°00’ N, 6°51’ W], 19 April 1986, Izco, J.;Guitan, P. s.n. ( SANT!); Ribeira, Praia de Caroso, [42°33’ N, 9°00’ W], 9 April 1986, Izco, J.;Guitan, P. s.n. ( SANT!); [42°33’ N, 9°00’ W], 9 April 1986, Izco, J.;Guitan, P. s.n. ( SANT!); A Coruña, Dumbria, Ezaro, O Boliño, [42°55’ N, 9°08’ W], 13 February 1994, Lonzán, R. J. 130 ( SANT!); Carnota, Larino, [42°47’ N, 9°07’ W], 10 March 1996, Lonzán, R. J. 179 ( SANT!); Vilanova de Arousa, Playa de las Sinas, entre el camping Las Sinas y Vilanova, [42°34’ N, 8°53’ W], 26 March 2000, Izco, J. s.n. ( SANT!); A Coruña, Rianxo, Brion, Leiro, [42°39’ N, 8°53’ W], 21 March 1997, Real, V. s.n. ( SANT!); A Coruña, Camariñas, subida o Cabo Vilan, [43°07’ N, 9°10’ W], 7 May 1994, Izco, J.;Amigo, J.; Lonzán, R. J. s.n. ( SANT!); Carnota, Larino, Praia de Larino, [42°47’ N, 9°07’ W], 21 April 1996, Lonzán, R. J. 283 ( SANT!); La Rioja: Logroño, [42°28’ N, 2°27’ W], unclear s.n. ( MA!); cerro del Camino de Lognesadia [?] (Logroño), [42°28’ N, 2°27’ W], unclear s.n. ( MA!); Calabora, [42°20’ N, 2°30’ W], 1 May 1995, Aizpuru, I. 052454 ( ARAN!); León: Castilla, Bajedo, [41°00’ N, 3°30’ W], 18 May 10, Elías s.n. ( BC!); León: Venta de San Juan de Paluezas, 550 m [42°31’ N, 6°43’ W], 18 April 1992, Penas, A.;Garcia, M. E.; Herrero, L. s.n. ( MA!); Salas de la Ribera, [42°26’ N, 6°49’ W], 19 April 1992, Penas, A.;Garcia, M. E.; Herrero, L. s.n. ( MA, LEB, SALA, SANT!); Salamanca, Cuidad Rodrigo, just below walls of town, [40°58’ N, 5°39’ W], 24 April 1967, Brummitt, R. K.;Ernest, W. 5817 ( K!); [40°58’ N, 5°39’ W], 4 May 1967, Brummitt, R. K.;Ernest, W. 5990 ( K!); Venta San Juan Paluezas, 550 m [42°36’ N, 5°34’ W], 19 April 1992, Penas, A.;et al. s.n. ( VAL, LEB, SALA, SANT!); próximo Salas de la Ribera, 400 m [42°36’ N, 5°34’W], 19 April 1992, Penas, A.;Garcia, M. E.;Herrero, L. s.n. ( VAL, VAL, LEB!); Lugo: Quiroga, Viñedo, Linario mcalenduletum, [42°29’ N, 7°16’ W], 28 April 1979, Izco, J. s.n. ( SANT!); Palas del Rey, [42°52’ N, 7°52’ W], 15 April 1951, Seijas s.n. ( SANT!); Sober, Vilacha de Salvadas, 400 m [42°28’ N, 7°36’ W], 27 April 1996, Amigo, J.; Ortiz , S.; Lonzán, R. S. 837 ( SANT!); Ribas de Sil, Cubela, 275 m [42°25’ N, 7°41’ W], 27 April 1996, Amigo, J.; Ortiz , S.; Lonzán, R. S. 940 ( SANT!); Sober, Anandi, [42°28’ N, 7°36’ W], 9 March 1991, Romero, M. I. s.n. ( SANT!); Lérida:Ales(os) de Balaguer, Sierra Carbonera, [41°54’ N, 0°55’ E], 13 May 1984, Pedrol, J. s.n. ( MA!); cerca de Sudanell, 250 m [41°33’ N, 0°34’ E], 13 April 1986, Pedrol, J.;Rodríguez, R. 1120 ( MA, SALA, SEV!); a 3 km de Cervera, [41°40’ N, 1°17’ E], 31 May 1981, Devesa, J. A. 1466 81 ( SEV!); Cervera, [41°40’ N, 1°17’ E], 1 May 1981, Castroviejo, S.;Alamillo, A.; Quirós, F.; Nieto 2340 SC ( MA!); Montsec d’ Ares, brolla vers l’estació d’Ager, de FF. CC., 400 m [42°00’ N, 0°46’ E], 18 May 1979, Romo, A. M. s.n. ( BC!); Tírvia, [42°31’ N, 1°15’ E], 11 May 1974, Forreny, J. E. s.n. ( BC!); Madrid: Jardim Botánico, [40°24’N, 3°41’W], 3 May 1944, Fernández, M. T. mA. s.n. ( MA!); Navalcarnero, alrededores, 650 m [40°18’ N, 4°00’ W], 19 April 2001, Morales, R.;et al. 1908 ( MA!); C. Universitaria, [40°24’ N, 3°41’ W], 30 March 1984, Alarcon, M. L. 19 ( MA!); Rozas de Puerto Real (Urbanización Entrepinos), 800 m [40°19’ N, 4°29’ W], 4 May 1992, Vargas, P. 2964 ( MA!); Madrid, [40°24’ N, 3°41’ W], April, Colmeiro s.n. ( MA!); [40°02’ N, 3°36’ W], 28 March 1852, unclear s.n. ( MA!); [40°24’ N, 3°41’ W], 1916, Cupanda s.n. ( MA!); Los Santos de La Humosa, [40°30’ N, 3°15’ W], 4 April 1970, Bellot, F.;Carvallal; Ron s.n. ( MA!); Torrelodones, Los Peñascales, [40°35’ N, 3°56’ W], 19 April 1992, Gabriel, J. M.;Galan 596 ( MA!); Jardín Botánico, [40°24’ N, 3°41’ W], 4 May 1966, Sampaio, G. s.n. ( MA!); [40°24’ N, 3°41’ W], unclear s.n. ( MA!); Madrid, [40°24’ N, 3°41’W], April 1925, Aterido, A. s.n. ( MA!); Monte de “El Pardo”, [40°24’ N, 3°41’ W], 4 May 1950, Rodríguez, A. s.n. ( MA, RNG!); Madrid, [40°24’ N, 3°41’ W], Cavanilles, A. J. s.n. ( MA!); [40°24’ N, 3°41’ W], Sampaio, G. s.n. ( MA!); Villamanta, [40°18’ N, 4°07’ W], 12 April 1984, Carrasco;Estrada; Monge; Romero s.n. ( MA!); San Augustín de Guadalix, 750 m [40°37’ N, 3°34’ W], 26 March 1981, Moreno Saiz, J. C. s.n. ( MA!); Soto del Real, 900 m [40°24’ N, 3°41’ W], 19 May 1983, Gómez Manzaneque, F. s.n. ( MA!); Redueña, 910 m [40°49’ N, 3°36’ W], 1 May 1983, Gómez Manzaneque, F. s.n. ( MA!); El Vellón, 870 m [40°46’ N, 3°35’ W], 12 May 1984, Gómez Manzaneque, F. s.n. ( MA!); Guadalix de la Sierra, 890 m [40°47’ N, 3°41’ W], 27 April 1983, Gómez Manzaneque, F. s.n. ( MA!); Chapineria, carretera hacia Aldea del Fresno, 640 m [40°23’ N, 4°12’ W], 13 April 1992, Morales, R. 680 RM ( MA!); Navalagamella, antes del pueblo, 750 m [40°28’ N, 4°07’ W], 20 April 1993, Morales, R. 1110 RM ( MA!); Chapineria, carretera de km 32, entrada urbanización Los Molinillos, 540 m [40°23’ N, 4°12’ W], 18 June 1992, Morales, R. 854 RM ( MA!); Patones de Arriba, eras del pueblo, 860 m [40°52’ N, 3°29’ W], 11 June 1992, Morales, R.;Sanz, J. 835 RM ( MA!); Seseña, [40°06’ N, 3°42’ W], 29 May 1981, Devesa, J. A. 1257 81 ( SEV!); cercanias cementerio de La Almudena, [40°24’ N, 3°41’ W], 15 February 1980, Silvestre, F. s.n. ( SEV, RNG!); Aranguez, [40°02’ N, 3°36’ W], 15 April 1951, Alston, A. H. G. 10202 ( BM!); Paracuellos del Jarama, en la subida, 680 m [40°30’ N, 3°31’ W], 11 June 1992, Morales, R.;Sanz, J. 811 RM ( MA!); Arganda, [40°24’ N, 3°41’ W], 5 April 1924, Lázaro, B. s.n. ( MAF!); Chamartin, [40°24’ N, 3°41’ W], 29 May 1924, Mateos, R. s.n. ( MAF!); Fresnedas nitrofila entre El Boalo y Cerceda, [40°43’ N, 3°55’ W], 13 March 1981, Aguilla, C.;Cantó, P.; Laorga, S.; Mata, D. s.n. ( SALA, MAF!); Chapineria, [40°23’ N, 4°12’ W], 21 April 1990, Giraldez, X. s.n. ( SALA!); [40°23’ N, 4°12’ W], 5 May 2001, Giraldez, X. s.n. ( SALA!); 583 m [40°29’34” N, 3°32’20” W], 30 March 2012, Silveira, P.;Gonçalves, A. C. R. S. 3204 ( AVE!); Málaga: Castillejos, 6 m 13 April 1926, Vidal y López, M. 345 ( BC!); Murcia: Lorca, Sierra del Gigante, Morro del Cocón, 950 m [37°44’ N, 2°00’ W], 23 April 1997, Castroviejo, S.;Aedo, C.; Muñoz, F.; Alvarez, I.; Velayos;et al. 14484 ( MA!); Celregón, Sierra de la Puerta, [38°10’ N, 1°46’ W], 1 May 1982, unclear 6722 ( MA!); Carasaca, Casas de Moya, 1220 m [38°08’ N, 2°05’ W], 24 April 1982, unclear 11339 ( MA!); Cehegín, Camino de Canares, 600 m [38°06’ N, 1°48’ W], 19 March 1982, unclear 11338 ( MA!); San Pedro del Pinatar, Salinas del Cotorrillo, [37°50’ N, 0°47’W], 2 April 1983, Gómez Olleta s.n. ( MA!); Javali N., Huerta, R. Segura , 70 m [37°59’ N, 1°13’ W], 11 April 1986, Garcia, R. s.n. ( MA!); Cartagena, Arenas de la Rambla de Benipilla, [37°37’ N, 1°00’ W], 16 December 1900, Jiménez, F. s.n. ( MA!); Bullas, [38°03’ N, 1°40’ W], 25 March 1896, Rawi, A.;Rechinger, K. H. 406 ( MA!); Cádiz, San José del Valle, Sierra de las Cabras, Boca de la Foz, 200 m 600 m, [38°31’ N, 1°26’ W], 14 May 1979, Diez, J.;Silvestre, S. s.n. ( SEV!); 1 m NE of La Union, 60 m [37°37’ N, 0°52’ W], 7 May 1951, Alston, A. H. G. 10991 ( BM!); Lorca, 370 m [37°40’ N, 1°42’ W], 28 June 1929, Sennen, F.;Jerónimo, Hno. s.n. ( BM!); near La Union,, [37°37’ N, 0°52’ W], 7 May 1951, Simpson, N.D. 51608 ( BM!); Carthagène, Rambla de Benipila, [37°37’ N, 1°00’ W], March 1908, Jiménez, Fr. P.;Ibañez, A. 691 ( MA!); faldas del Cabezo Ventura, [37°36’ N, 0°59’ W], 13 January 1901, Jiménez, Fr. P. s.n. ( MA!); Castellefos [?], 76 m [37°40’ N, 1°05’ W], 13 November 1926, Vargas, P. 345 ( MA!); de Murcia a Cartagena, en el desvio a los Valladolises, [37°47’ N, 1°07’ W], 4 March 1982, López, G.;Barra, A.; Bayón, E. 2767 GF ( MA!); Cartagena, Sierra de La Union, [37°37’ N, 0°52’ W], 28 April 1902, Pau, C. s.n. ( MA!); Sierra Espuña, casas de Malvariche, 860 m [37°52’ N, 1°34’ W], 29 October 2005, Aedo, C. 12313 ( MA!); Cartagena, près de la ville, [37°36’ N, 0°59’ W], June 1902, Jimeney s.n. ( COI!); faldas del cabezo ventura, [37°36’ N, 0°59’ W], 13 January 1901, Jimenes, F. s.n. ( COI!); Murcie, Lorca, sites incultes, [37°40’ N, 1°42’ W], March 1930, Jerónimo, H. 7344 ( BC!); Cartagena, [37°36’ N, 0°59’W], 16 March 1850, Bourgeau, E. 728 ( K!); Bulliois, [37°59’ N, 1°07’ W], 25 March 1896, Gandonger, M. 408 ( K!); Cartagena, Rambla Benipila, [37°36’ N, 0°59’ W], March 1908, Sennen, F. 691 ( BC!); Regno Murcico, Puerto Ambresos, [37°59’ N, 1°07’ W], 18 April 1961, Bolos, A.;Vigo, J. s.n. ( BC!); Cartagena, Atamana, [37°36’ N, 0°59’ W], April 1947, Bras s.n. ( BC!); Cartagena, barrio de la Concepcion hacia La Atalaya, 30SXG 76, 100 m, [37°36’ N, 0°59’ W], 25 April 2002, Molero Briones, J. s.n. ( BCN!); Cartagena, [37°36’ N, 0°59’ W], 13 January 1901, unclear s.n. ( MAF!); Cartagena, Cabeza Beaza, [37°36’ N, 0°59’ W], May 1953, Esteve 20 ( SANT!); 5, 3 km W mSW de Calnegre, bermas da D m 20, 338 m [37°30’22” N, 1°27’41” W], 3 April 2012, Silveira, P.;Gonçalves, A. C. R. S. 3214 ( AVE!); Málaga: Nerja, 160 m [36°44’ N, 3°52’ W], 23 April 1999, Elorza, M. S. s.n. ( MA!); Málaga, terrenos incultos del Arroyo de Jaboneros, en El Palo, [36°43’ N, 4°21’ W], 9 May 1946, Muñoz Medina, J. s.n. ( SEV!); entre Alora y Pizarra, [36°48’ N, 4°42’ W], 28 December 1970, Dominguez, E.;Galiano, E. F.; Talavera, S. s.n. ( SEV!); El Hacho de Alora, [36°48’ N, 4°42’ W], 28 May 1966, Valdés, B. s.n. ( SEV!); above San Martin de Tesnilla, 270 m [36°43’ N, 4°25’ W], 6 March 1979, Molesworth Allen, B. 11106 ( SEV!); Rincón de la Victoria, [36°43’ N, 4°18’ W], 20 January 1983, Silvestre, S.;Valdés, B. s.n. ( SEV!); entre Alhaurin de la Torre et la mer, 150 m [36°40’ N, 4°33’ W], 22 April 1969, Fac. Sci. Toulouse, Serv. Bot. 695 ( MA!); Serrania de Ronda, [36°44’ N, 5°03’ W], 23 April 1970, Segura Zubizarreta, A. 10476 ( MA!); Málaga, cerro de San Antón, [36°43’ N, 4°25’ W], 6 April 1951, Vicioso, C. 613 ( MA, MA!); Málaga, Nerja, cercanias de las “Cuevas de Nerja”, en Maro, [36°46’ N, 3°50’ W], 17 April 1984, Fernández Alonso, J. L.;Guillén, A.;et al. s.n. ( MA!); [36°46’ N, 3°50’ W], 17 April 1984, Fernández Alonso, J. L.;Guillén, A.;et al. s.n. ( MA!); Tolox, [36°42’ N, 4°54’W], 15 May 1952, Roivainen, H. s.n. ( COI!); in agro Malacitano, [36°43’ N, 4°25’ W], March 1936, Laza, M. s.n. ( COI!); Montes de Málaga, 5 km N of Matanza on road to Colmenar, 700 m [36°54’N, 4°20’W], 14 April 1980, Miles, J. C.;Phillipson, P. B.;Sinnreich, G. M.; Williams, R. S.139 ( BM, RNG!); Málaga, [36°43’ N, 4°25’ W], 8 April 1876, Winkler, M. s.n. ( K!); environs de Málaga, [36°43’ N, 4°25’ W], 1875, Lebert s.n. ( K!); Málaga, [36°43’ N, 4°25’ W], April 1825, Salzmann, P. s.n. ( K!); Maquis between Marbella and Ojén, 450 m [36°31’ N, 4°53’ W], 11 April 1972, Heywood, V. H.;Moore, D. M.; Bramwell, D.; et al. 16 ( RNG!); Málaga, terrenos incultos del Arroyo de Jaboneros, en El Palo, [36°43’ N, 4°21’ W], 9 May 1946, Muñoz Medina, J. 296 ( MA, BCN, SANT, SANT, K, MA!); ruta forestal, JB la Concepcion, [36°43’ N, 4°25’ W], 8 April 2010, Sánchez, P. S.;Varela, T. S. 1542 ( SALA, SANT!); Alora, na saida para Carratraca, 254 m [36°50’04” N, 4°42’33” W], 27 March 2012, Silveira, P.;Gonçalves, A. C. R. S. 3202 a ( AVE!); na sa¡da para Carratraca, 254 m [36°50’04” N, 4°42’33” W], 27 March 2012, Silveira, P.;Gonçalves, A. C. R. S. 3202 b ( AVE!); Navarra: Artajona, [42°35’ N, 1°46’ W], 20 March 1987, Aizpuru, I. 19725 ( MA, ARAN!); Fitero, Baños de Fitero, [42°03’ N, 1°51’ W], 28 April 1985, Aizpuru, I. 19724 ( MA, ARAN!); Castejón de Navarra, [42°10’ N, 1°42’ W], 16 April 1960, Segura Zubizarreta, A. 10472 ( MA!); Ourense: Lobios, A Vila, 540 m [42°25’ N, 7°31’ W], 20 January 2011, Pulgar, I. s.n. ( SANT!); Lobios, Fondevilla, 370 m [42°25’ N, 7°31’ W], 21 March 1996, Pulgar, I.; Ortiz , S. s. n. ( SANT!); Castro de São Tome (Ourense), 230 m [42°21’ N, 7°14’ W], 11 February 2001, Romero, A. R.;Jesus, J.; Garcia, V. R. 154 ( SANT!); Futada a otrigal desde Sobradelo (Carbaleda, Ourense), 650 m [42°35’ N, 8°47’ W], 16 March 1983, Ortiz , S. s. n. ( SANT!); Ourense, Carballeda, Sobradello. Thero mAirion en un monticulo al lado de la via del tren, 350 m [42°32’ N, 8°00’ W], 27 May 1983, Ortiz , S. s. n. ( SANT!); Ourense, Carballeda, Sobradello, al lado de la via del tren, 350 m [42°32’ N, 8°00’ W], 27 May 1983, Ortiz , S. s. n. ( SANT!); Ourense, Carballeda, entre Sobradello y Vila de quinta, 350 m [42°32’ N, 8°00’ W], 14 April 1983, Ortiz , S. s. n. ( SANT!); Verin, Feces de abaixo, [41°56’ N, 7°26’ W], 30 March 1989, Bujan, M. s.n. ( SANT!); Verin, Mandin, [41°56’ N, 7°26’ W], 5 August 1989, Bujan, M. s.n. ( SANT!); Pontevedra: Aldán, Cangas de Morrazo, [42°17’ N, 8°49’ W], 10 April 1971, Castroviejo, S. s.n. ( MA!); Cangas de Morrazo, [42°26’ N, 8°38’ W], 8 April 1971, Castroviejo, S. s.n. ( MA!); Bayona, 0 m [42°07’ N, 8°51’ W], 20 June 35, Schafer, B. s.n. ( K!); Vilanova de Arosa, Baion, [42°34’ N, 8°50’ W], 25 July 1989, Bujan, M. s.n. ( SANT!); Salamanca: Valedelageve, 620 m [40°22’ N, 5°59’ W], 17 February 1995, Perez, J. B. s.n. ( SALA!); Castellanos de Villiquera, Arroyo de la Encina tesos a la izquerda de la carretera SA mZa con dirección a Zamora, [41°03’ N, 5°41’ W], 24 June 1976, Tapiador, M. C. s.n. ( SALA!); Guijuelo, [40°33’ N, 5°40’ W], 14 March 1987, Rico, E.;Serradilla, J. s.n. ( SALA!); Montemayor del Rio, [40°21’ N, 5°53’ W], 30 January 1983, Rico, E.;Guillén, A.; Herrero, F. s.n. ( SALA!); Navacarros, [40°24’ N, 5°42’ W], 5 February 1982, Herrero, F. s.n. ( SALA!); Arapiles, Teso de las Zorreras, [40°54’ N, 5°38’ W], 8 March 1983, Orcajo, F. s.n. ( SALA!); Villarino de los Aires, [41°16’ N, 6°28’ W], 1 May 1976, Sánchez, J s.n. ( SALA!); Embarcadero de Fregeneda, [40°58’ N, 5°39’ W], 6 March 1976, Amich, F. s.n. ( SALA!); Puerto Seguro, [40°49’ N, 6°45’ W], 22 April 1976, Rico, E. s.n. ( SALA!); Dehesa de Alba, Alba de Tormes , [40°49’ N, 5°31’ W], 27 April 1974, Amich, F. s.n. ( SALA!); La Garcesa, Cabrerizos, [40°59’ N, 5°36’ W], 28 February 1974, Rico, E. s.n. ( SALA!); San Esteban de la Sierra, [40°30’ N, 5°54’ W], 16 April 1971, Fernández Diez, F. J. s.n. ( SALA!); Valero de la Sierra, [40°58’ N, 5°39’ W], 9 April 1971, Fernández Diez, F. J. s.n. ( SALA!); Sequeros, [40°31’ N, 6°01’ W], 8 April 1971, Fernández Diez, F. J. s.n. ( SALA!); La Fregeneda, [40°59’ N, 6°52’ W], 16 March 1968, Casaseca, B. s.n. ( SALA!); Pelabravo. TL 83, [40°56’ N, 5°34’ W], 7 April 1990, Pastor , A. s.n. ( SALA!); Segovia: Sepúlveda, 1000 m [41°18’ N, 3°45’ W], 9 April 1983, Romero, T. s.n. ( MA!); Pedraza, a 500 m hacia La Velilla, 1060 m [41°08’ N, 3°48’ W], 27 April 1985, Gracia, R. 246 ( MA!); Sepúlveda, [40°44’ N, 6°19’ W], 4 May 1985, Romero, T. s.n. ( SALA!); Sevilla: Mairena del Alcor, [37°22’ N, 5°45’ W], 29 February 1980, Gallego, M. J.;Romero Zarco, C.; Valdés, B. s.n. ( BM, BCN!); El Ronquillo, Pantano de la Minilla, 150 m 160 m, [37°43’ N, 6°10’ W], 16 March 1968, Silvestre, S.;Valdés, B. 1025 68 ( MA!); entre Gerona y Olivaros, [37°32’ N, 6°09’ W], 12 March 1968, Galiano, E. F.;Silvestre, S.; Valdés, B. 1008 68 ( MA, SEV!); Morón de la Frontera, Pico Esparteros, [37°08’ N, 5°27’ W], 21 May 1980, Diez, J.;Luque, T.; Valdés, B. 643 80 ( MA, SEV!); Dos Hermanas, [37°17’04” N, 5°55’27” W], 23 February 1915, Fragoso s.n. ( MA!); Camino de San Juan, [37°22’38” N, 5°59’13” W], 22 February 1915, Fragoso s.n. ( MA!); entre Ecija e Hererra, Rio Genil, [37°32’ N, 5°05’ W], 29 February 1980, Gallego, M. J.;Romero Zarco, C.; Valdés, B. 102 80 ( MA, SEV!); alrededores de Mairena del Alcor, [37°22’ N, 5°45’ W], 26 April 1975, Ruíz de Clavijo, E. s.n. ( MA!); alrededores de Alcalá de Guadaira, [37°20’ N, 5°50’ W], 14 February 1975, Ruíz de Clavijo, E. s.n. ( MA!); [37°20’ N, 5°50’ W], 6 March 1975, Ruíz de Clavijo, E. s.n. ( SEV!); c 40 km NNW of Pantano de la Minilla, [37°40’ N, 6°11’ W], 29 March 1969, Heywood, V. H.;Moore, D. M.; et al. 296 A ( SEV, RNG!); Castilleja de Guzmán, [37°25’ N, 6°03’ W], 22 November 1972, Cabezudo, B.;Valdés, B. 27 72 ( SEV!); El Garrobo mGerena, km 4, [37°32’ N, 6°09’ W], 1 April 1979, Diez, J.;Luque, T. s.n. ( SEV!); San Nicolás del Puerto, Canal del Viar, [38°00’ N, 5°39’ W], 20 March 1970, Dominguez, E.;Silvestre, S.; Pastor , J. 11 70 ( SEV, SALA!); Morón de la Frontera, Pico Esparteros, [37°08’ N, 5°27’ W], 17 November 1978, Guerrero, M. R.;Fernández, I. s.n. ( SEV!); Coripe; Sierra, [36°58’ N, 5°26’W], 5 January 1984, Martin;et al. s.n. ( SEV!); Constantina, Arroyo de las Truchas, [37°52’ N, 5°37’ W], 11 November 1984, López, I.;Serveto, J. A.; Vazquez; C. s.n. ( SEV!); San Nicolás del Puerto, [38°00’ N, 5°39’ W], 7April 1984, Aguilera, I.;Arjona, S.;et al. s.n. ( SEV!); Constantina, alrededores del pueblo, [37°52’ N, 5°37’ W], 7 April 1984, López, I.;Serveto, J. A.; Vazquez; C. s.n. ( SEV!); Venta del Aljarafe, [37°22’38” N, 5°59’13” W], 7 March 1975, Candau, P.;Soler, A. 502 75 ( SEV, SEV!); Mairena del Alcor, Calizas, [37°22’ N, 5°45’ W], 29 February 1980, Gallego, M. J.;Romero Zarco, C.; Valdés, B. s.n. ( SEV!); [37°22’ N, 5°45’ W], 29 February 1980, Gallego, M. J.;Romero Zarco, C.; Valdés, B. s.n. ( SEV!); Entre Herrera y Ecija, Las Ceñuelas, Terrenos alubiales, cerca del rio Genil, [37°32’ N, 5°05’ W], 1 April 1980, Luque, T.;Talavera, S.; Valdés, B. 535 80 ( SEV!); Ecija, Cunetas, [37°32’ N, 5°05’W], 29 February 1980, Gallego, M. J.;Romero Zarco, C.; Valdés, B. 146 80 ( SEV!); Alcalá de Guadaira, Tierras rojas, [37°20’ N, 5°50’ W], 11 March 1980, Blanco, M. J.;Romero Zarco, C.; Valdés, B. 190 80 ( SEV!); Herrera, Arroyo Hondo , [37°19’ N, 5°32’ W], 1 April 1980, Luque, T.;Talavera, S.; Valdés, B. 466 80 ( SEV!); entre Castilblanco y El Pedroso, Hacienda de los Melonares, 280 m [37°42’ N, 5°53’ W], 18 May 1968, Galiano, E. F.;Valdés, B. 1726 68 ( SEV!); entre Aznalcazar y Bollullos de la Mitación, [37°18’22” N, 6°14’53” W], 6 April 1972, Montero, J. M.;Ramos, E. s.n. ( SEV!); entre Puebla del Rio y Venta de la Cruz, [37°15’59” N, 6°03’53” W], 6 March 1969, Silvestre, S.;Valdés, B. s.n. ( SEV!); Entre El Arahal y Paradas, [37°16’ N, 5°33’ W], 1 April 1980, Luque, T.;Talavera, S.; Valdés, B. 428 80 ( SEV!); Pantano de la Minilla, [37°40’ N, 6°11’ W], 1 April 1979, Diez, J.;Luque, T. s.n. ( SEV!); El Gandul, [37°20’ N, 5°47’ W], 26 February 1974, Candau, P.;Soler, A.; González, P. s.n. ( SEV!); El Viso del Alcor, [37°23’ N, 5°43’ W], 11 March 1980, Romero, C.;Valdés, B. 222 80 ( SEV!); entre El Coronil y Montellano, [37°05’ N, 5°38’ W], 12 March 1977, Gallego, M. J.;Ruíz de Clavijo, E.; Talavera, S. s.n. ( SEV!); entre Morón y Coripe, [37°08’ N, 5°27’ W], 26 November 1976, Gallego, M. J.;Ruíz de Clavijo, E.; Talavera, S. s.n. ( SEV!); [37°08’ N, 5°27’ W], 14 January 1977, Ruíz de Clavijo, E. s.n. ( SEV!); entre Alcalá de Guadaira y Mairena del Alcor, [37°20’ N, 5°50’ W], 26 February 1975, Ruíz de Clavijo, E. s.n. ( SEV!); Sanlucar la Nayor, [37°23’ N, 6°12’ W], 11 January 1966, Galiano, E. F.;Novo, J. s.n. ( SEV!); Venta del Cruce, [37°22’38” N, 5°59’13” W], March 1976, Gallego, M. J.;Garcia, I.; Ruíz de Clavijo, E. s.n. ( SEV!); Herrera, Arroyo Hondo , [37°22’ N, 4°51’ W], 1 April 1980, Luque, T.;Talavera, S.; Valdés, B. 498 80 ( SEV!); Estepa, Pico Paunero, 640 m [37°18’ N, 4°54’ W], 19 April 1968, Silvestre, S. 1405 68 ( SEV!); Universidad Laboral, [37°22’38” N, 5°59’13” W], 12 March 1980, Luque, T.;Valdés, B. s.n. ( SEV!); Las Cabezas de San Juan, Finca Torralba, [36°59’ N, 5°56’ W], 10 April 1975, Silvestre, S.;Gallego, M. J. 626 75 ( SEV!); Dos Hermanas, La Corchuela, [37°14’35” N, 5°58’17” W], 10 April 1975, Galiano, E. F.;Silvestre, S. 643 75 ( SEV!); entre Bormujos y Bollullos de la Mitación, [37°22’ N, 6°04’ W], 7 March 1975, Candau, P.;Soler, A. 528 75 ( SEV!); Burguillos, [37°35’ N, 5°58’ W], 23 March 1969, Galiano, E. F.;Valdés, B. 237 69 ( SEV!); Castillo de las Guardas, [37°22’38” N, 5°59’13” W], 17 March 1978, Cabezudo, B.; Rivera , J. 873 78 ( SEV!); Salida dos Hermanas hacia Utrera, Colonia San Hermenegildo, [37°11’10” N, 5°47’12” W], 3 August 1979, Portillo, E.;et al. s.n. ( SEV!); Venta del Cruce, [37°22’38” N, 5°59’13” W], 29 March 1979, Devesa, J. A.; Rivera , J.; Valdés, B. 215 79 ( SEV!); alrededores de Camas, [37°24’ N, 6°02’ W], 1 April 1967, Galiano, E. F. s.n. ( SEV!); Alcalá de Guadaira, [37°20’ N, 5°50’ W], 4 February 1978, Pastor , J. s.n. ( SEV!); entre Osuna y El Saucejo, arroyo Peinado, [37°14’ N, 5°07’ W], 10 April 1969, Galiano, E. F.;et al. s.n. ( SEV!); entre Osuna y El Saucejo, [37°04’ N, 5°06’ W], 10 April 1969, Galiano, E. F.;et al. s.n. ( SEV!); entre Montellano y Coripe, [37°00’ N, 5°34’ W], 12 March 1977, Gallego, M. J.;Ruíz de Clavijo, E.; Talavera, S. s.n. ( SEV!); Algámitas, [37°01’ N, 5°09’ W], 20 April 1975, Ramos, E. s.n. ( SEV!); Algámitas, Peñón de Algámitas, [37°01’ N, 5°09’ W], 20 April 1975, Ramos, E. s.n. ( SEV!); alrededores de Alcalá de Guadaira, [37°20’ N, 5°50’ W], 14 February 1975, Ruíz de Clavijo, E. s.n. ( SEV!); Alcalá de Guadaira, [37°20’ N, 5°50’ W], 16 January 1974, Candau, P.;Soler, A. s.n. ( SEV!); entre Puebla de Cazalla y Morón de la Frontera, [37°14’ N, 5°19’ W], 18 April 1972, Montero, J. M.;Ramos, E. s.n. ( SEV!); Peñón de Algámitas, [37°01’ N, 5°09’ W], 21 May 1980, Diez, J.;Luque, T.; Valdés, B. 859 80 ( SEV!); Villanueva del Rio, cota Cebrón y alrededores, [37°37’ N, 5°41’ W], 9 February 1980, Gómez, J. M. s.n. ( SEV!); entre Morón y Pruna, Dehesa Reina Marin, [37°08’ N, 5°27’ W], 12 May 1976, Ruíz de Clavijo, E. s.n. ( SEV!); entre Estepa y Osuna, [37°18’ N, 4°54’ W], 18 April 1972, Montero, J. M.;Ramos, E. s.n. ( SEV!); Alcalá de Guadaira, carretera de El Arahal, [37°20’ N, 5°50’ W], 1 April 1980, Luque, T.;Talavera, S.; Valdés, B. 368 80 ( SEV!); Alcalá de Guadaira, [37°20’ N, 5°50’ W], 13 May 1981, Gallego, M. J.; Pastor , J.s.n. ( SEV!);entre Pilas eAzuaga, [37°18’10”N, 6°17’54”W], 29 December 1980, Devesa, J. A. s.n. ( SEV!); Carretera Lora, Constantina, [37°52’ N, 5°37’ W], 1981, Escalza;López, M.; Luque, R. s.n. ( SEV!); Alcalá de Guadaira, hacia Morón, km 6, [37°20’ N, 5°50’ W], 9 March 1974, Candau, P.;González 248 74 ( SEV!); Castilleja de Guzmán, [37°25’ N, 6°03’ W], 8 March 1969, Galiano, E. F.;et al. 83 69 ( SEV!); entrada a El Ronquillo, km 434, [37°43’ N, 6°10’ W], 12 March 1974, Candau, P.;Soler, A.; González, P. 265 74 ( SEV!); Alcalá de Guadaira, carretera de El Arahal, [37°20’ N, 5°50’ W], 1 April 1980, Luque, T.;Talavera, S.; Valdés, B. 369 80 ( MA, SEV, SALA!); Carmona, Alcores, [37°28’ N, 5°38’ W], 29 February 1980, Gallego, M. J.;Romero Zarco, C.; Valdés, B. 162 80 ( MA, SEV!); Mairena del Alcor, [37°22’ N, 5°45’ W], 29 February 1980, Gallego, M. J.;Romero Zarco, C.; Valdés, B. 67 ( MA, RNG, BCN, COI, SALA, GDA, SANT!); El Ronquillo, km 770 de la carretera N m 630, 350 m [37°43’ N, 6°10’ W], 29 March 1989, Vargas, P.;Guzmán; Luceño, M.; Martínez Escribano 2813 PV ( MA!); [37°20’ N, 5°24’ W], Pau, C. s.n. ( MA!); Sierra de Estepa, [37°18’ N, 4°54’ W], 21 April 1973, Heywood, V. H.;Moore, D. M.; Bramwell, D. 36 ( RNG!); Sevilla, Moronde de la Frontera, Pico Esparteros, [37°08’ N, 5°27’ W], 16 April 1970, Heywood, V. H.;Moore, D. M.; et al. 536 ( RNG!); junto ao desvio da autovia M laga mSevilha, para Mairena del Alcor, 94 m [37°18’21” N, 5°43’19” W], 5 April 2007, Silveira, P.;& Carqueja MJM 2984 ( AVE!); entre Mairena del Alcor e Alcal de Guadaira, 92 m [37°21’41” N, 5°49’01” W], 5 April 2007, Silveira, P.;& Carqueja MJM 2985 ( AVE!); 92 m [37°21’41” N, 5°49’01” W], 5 April 2007, Silveira, P.;& Carqueja MJM 2986 a ( AVE!); Soria:Arcos de Jalon, [41°13’ N, 2°16’ W], 4 April 1962, Segura Zubizarreta, A. 10471 ( MA!); Tarragona: Comarruga, [41°13’ N, 1°32’ E], 1 March 1986, Ascaso, J.;Pedrol, J. s.n. ( MA!); Alt Camp. Puigpelat, [41°17’ N, 1°18’ E], Banau, J.;Andreu s.n. ( BC!); A Sul desta cidade, 43 m [40°55’54” N, 0°50’12” E], 2 April 2012, Silveira, P.;Gonçalves, A. C. R. S. 3210 ( AVE!); Teruel: Sierra de Albarracin,?Zapador?, [40°28’ N, 1°30’ W], Pau, C. s.n. ( MA!); La Estrella (Mosqueruela), 800 m [40°21’ N, 1°06’ W], 11 September 1987, Fabregat, C. s.n. ( VAL!); Toledo: Seseña, Barrancos de la Cuesta de la Reina, 600 m [40°06’ N, 3°42’ W], 11 May 1993, Morales, R.;et al. 1152 ( MA!); Puebla de Montalbãn, 400 m [39°52’ N, 4°21’ W], 24 March 1994, Navarro, P. s.n. ( MA!); Alpuebrega, [39°50’ N, 4°17’ W], July 1914, unclear s.n. ( MA!); Talavera de la Reina, 400 m [39°57’ N, 4°50’ W], 15 February 1978, Segura Zubizarreta, A. 16800 ( MA!); de Yunclillas a Bargas, 540 m [40°01’ N, 3°59’ W], 20 May 1979, unclear s.n. ( MA!); Ontígola, [40°00’ N, 3°34’ W], 19 March 1966, Bellot, F.;Monasterio s.n. ( MA!); Maqueda, [40°04’ N, 4°22’ W], 5 May 1983, Castroviejo, S.;Bayón, E.; Coello, P.; Nieto, G.; Sanches de Molina , J. 8166 SC ( MA!); Valencia: Luchente, 250 m [38°56’ N, 0°21’ W], 10 February 1984, Mateo, G.;Figueirola, R. s.n. ( MA!); Valencia, [39°28’ N, 0°22’ W], 14 May 1969, Segura Zubizarreta, A. 10474 ( MA!); Sueca, [39°12’ N, 0°19’ W], 2 March 1987, Mateo, G. s.n. ( MA!); Utiel, Casas de Costa, 800 m [39°34’ N, 1°12’ W], May 1986, Garcia, E. s.n. ( MA!); Cueva Santa, [38°53’ N, 0°43’ W], April 1897, Pau, C. s.n. ( MA!); Jativa, [38°59’ N, 0°31’ W], 3 April 1921, Pau, C. s.n. ( MA!); Olocau a Bétera, [39°42’ N, 0°32’ W], 2 March 1985, Mateo, G.;Crespo, B. s.n. ( MA!); Sagunto?, [39°41’ N, 0°16’ W], 7 April 1899, Pau, C. s.n. ( MA!); Alaeaut, próximo la Taloia in saipino retotae, [39°28’ N, 0°22’ W], 16 April 1957, Bolos, O.;Marelaus, F. s.n. ( BC!); 15 m NW of Cañada, 100 m [38°40’ N, 0°49’ W], 21 March 1965, Wadsworth, R. M.;et al. 17 ( RNG!); 10 m SW of Torrente, [39°26’ N, 0°28’ W], 22 March 1965, Wadsworth, R. M.;et al. 54 ( RNG!); above Cullera, 200 m [39°10’ N, 0°15’ W], 23 April 1982, Akeroyd, J. R.;Goyder; Jury 103 ( RNG!); in Hordeion leporini Br. Bl. 1947, Paterna (Valencia), [39°30’ N, 0°26’ W], 28 March 1969, Malagarriga, H. T. 3029 745 ( BC!); Callosa de Segura, Sierra de Callosa, Barranco de En Medio XH 8421, 250 m [38°08’ N, 0°52’ W], 30 March 1999, Serra , L.;Perez, J. s.n. ( ABH!); Elche, Acequia Ancha por Pda. Ferriol YH 0041, 100 m [38°15’ N, 0°42’ W], 5 May 1992, Lledo, M.D.;Crespo, M. B. s.n. ( ABH!); Elche, Pda. Ferriol YH 0041, 100 m [38°15’ N, 0°42’ W], 14 March 1991, Crespo, M. B.;Lledo, M.D. s.n. ( ABH!); na A 7 entre Graveila e Castell¢ de la Ribera, 46 m [39°05’19” N, 0°32’19” W], 2 April 2012, Silveira, P.;Gonçalves, A. C. R. S. 3212 ( AVE!); Valladolid: Valdestillas, alrededores del rio Adaja, [41°28’ N, 4°46’ W], 6 April 2002, Lázaro Bello, J. A. s.n. ( MA!); [41°28’ N, 4°46’ W], 23 March 2003, Lázaro Bello, J. A. s.n. ( MA!); Castronuño, Las Cocineras, [41°23’ N, 5°16’ W], 20 April 1988, Balbas, A. G. s.n. ( SALA!); Renedo de Esgueva, 850 m [41°39’ N, 4°43’ W], 1 April 2000, Bello, J. A. s.n. ( SALA!); nas margens arenosas do Rio Adaja, 700 m [41°29’23” N, 4°46’09” W], 30 March 2012, Silveira, P.;Gonçalves, A. C. R. S. 3205 ( AVE!); Vizcaya: Miravalles, [43°11’ N, 2°54’ W], 12 February 1913, Harman Elías, Hno s.n. ( MA!); Zamora: Almendra, [41°35’ N, 5°55’ W], 10 June 1979, Sánchez Rodríguez, J. A. s.n. ( MA, SALA!); [41°30’ N, 5°45’ W], 10 June 1979, Rodríguez, J. A. S. s.n. ( SALA!); Pino, Puente Requejo, [41°35’ N, 6°07’ W], 23 May 1981, Navarro, F.;Valle, C. J. s.n. ( SALA!); Pereruela, San Roman de los Infantes, salto del Porvenis, 600 m [41°25’ N, 5°52’ W], 20 October 2001, Bariego, P. PB 493 ( SALA!); Fonfria, Castro de Alcañics, salto de Castro, 640 m [42°33’ N, 6°19’ W], 25 November 2001, Bariego, P. PB 492 ( SALA!); Valderrey, 675 m [42°24’ N, 6°01’ W], 5 March 2002, Bariego, P. PB 1347 ( SALA!); Toro, Las Bodegas, [41°31’ N, 5°24’ W], 2 March 1990, Garcia Rios, R. s.n. ( SALA!); Valcabadino, [41°30’ N, 5°45’ W], 17 March 1990, Garcia Rios, R. s.n. ( SALA!); Cerro Albilleras, [41°30’ N, 5°45’ W], 17 March 1990, Garcia Rios, R. s.n. ( SALA!); Almaraz de Duero, Rita Simon, [41°28’ N, 5°55’ W], 17 March 1990, Garcia Rios, R. s.n. ( SALA!); Abezames, Membrillas, [41°30’ N, 5°45’ W], 24 March 1990, Garcia Rios, R. s.n. ( SALA!); Muelas del Pan, Valdemolinos, [40°31’ N, 5°25’ W], 25 March 1990, Garcia Rios, R. s.n. ( SALA!); La Aldea, [42°54’ N, 3°32’ W], 13 April 1990, Garcia Rios, R. s.n. ( SALA!); Moruella de los Infanzones, [41°30’ N, 5°45’ W], 14 April 1990, Garcia Rios, R. s.n. ( SALA!); Coreses, Calderon, [41°33’ N, 5°37’ W], 15 April 1990, Garcia Rios, R. s.n. ( SALA!); Aspariegos, Las Cabecinas, [41°41’ N, 5°36’ W], 10 May 1990, Garcia Rios, R. s.n. ( SALA!); Venialbo, [41°23’ N, 5°32’ W], 9 June 1981, Giraldez, X. s.n. ( SALA!); Fuentesauco, [41°14’ N, 5°30’ W], 6 April 1982, Giraldez, X. s.n. ( SALA!); Zaragoza: Calatayud, [41°21’ N, 1°38’ W], Vicioso, B. s.n. ( MA!); [41°21’ N, 1°38’ W], April 1908, Vicioso, B. s.n. ( MA!); Osera, [41°32’ N, 0°35’ W], 14 June 1973, Segura Zubizarreta, A. 10681 ( MA!); Calatayud, [41°21’ N, 1°38’ W], March 1988, Campinel 62 ( VAL!); Rio Muerva, 230 m [41°38’ N, 0°53’ W], 9 March 1994, Alarma, M. s.n. ( VAL!); PORTUGAL. Algarve: Algarve [37°01’ N, 7°56’ W], May 1885, Guimarães, J. d’A. s.n. ( COI!); Tavira, Santiago [...], [37°07’ N, 7°39’ W], 18 March 1982, Gomes Pedro, J.; Simões, J. P. 22890 ( LISI!); Castro Marim, reserva entre Castro Marim e Monte Francisco, à beira da estrada, [37°13’ N, 7°26’ W], 13 December 1977, Lousã, M.; Monjardino, J. 682 ( LISI!); Vila Real de Santo António, Vila Nova da Cacela, perto da Silveira (a E de Montinho), [37°12’ N, 7°25’ W], 15 May 1991, Lousã, M.; Costa, J. C. s.n. ( LISI!); Aljezur, Bordeira, Foz da Ribeira da Carrapateira, [37°11’ N, 8°54’ W], 15 June 1988, Espírito Santo, M.D. s.n. ( LISI!); Castro Marim, Lezíria da Carrasqueira, sapal da Companhia, [37°13’ N, 7°26’ W], 19 March 1982, Gomes Pedro, J.; Simões, J. P. 22961 ( LISI!); Lagoão, a 7 km de Olhão, estrada para Moncarapacho, [37°02’ N, 7°50’ W], 1 March 1985, Moura, A. R. 2731 ( MA, COI!); Loulé, estrada para S. Brás de Alportel, São Romão, [37°09’ N, 7°53’ W], 23 April 1979, Malato-Beliz, J. V. C.; Guerra, J. A. 15426 ( MA!); Serra de Monchique , entre Monchique e Casais, Cai-Logo, Ribeira a E, [37°19’ N, 8°33’ W], 25 October 1978, Malato-Beliz, J. V. C.; Guerra, J. A. 15079 ( MA!); Miradouro do Caldeirão, [37°42’ N, 8°21’ W], 24 April 1968, Galiano, E. F.; et al. 6152 ( SEV!); [37°13’ N, 7°26’ W], April 1888, Moller, A. 474 ( BM, COI!); Vila do Bispo, miradouro do Castelejo, sobranceiro à Praia do Castelejo, para N do Cabo de São Vicente, [37°06’ N, 8°57’ W], 10 February 1964, Santos Junior s.n. ( PO!); Loulé, Barranco do Velho, [37°08’ N, 8°02’ W], 8 May 1963, Rozeira, A.; Koepp, K.; Costa, G. s.n. ( PO!); Loulé, Quarteira, [37°04’ N, 8°06’ W], 8 May 1963, Rozeira, A.; Koepp, K.; Costa, G. s.n. ( PO!); Alportel, São Brás de Alportel, [37°09’ N, 7°53’ W], 7 May 1963, Rozeira, A.; Koepp, K.; Costa, G. s.n. ( PO!); Loulé, Boliqueime, estrada para Portimão, [37°08’ N, 8°09’ W], 18 June 1962, Rozeira, A.; Koepp, K.; Costa, G. s.n. ( PO!); Caldas de Monchique, [37°19’ N, 8°33’ W], 25 April 1956, Malato-Beliz, J. V. C.; et al.s.n. ( PO!); Portimão, colinas de Arge, [37°10’ N, 8°32’W], 18 December 1972, Malato-Beliz, J. V. C.; Guerra, J. A. 11913 ( MA!); Serra do Caldeirão, próximo do miradouro, [37°42’ N, 8°21’ W], 24 April 1968, Malato-Beliz, J. V. C.; et al. 6152 ( MA!); Caldas de Monchique, [37°19’ N, 8°33’ W], 25 April 1956, Malato-Beliz, J. V. C.; et al. 3106 ( MA!); Tavira, [37°07’ N, 7°39’ W], 8 May 1903, Pau, C. s.n. ( MA!); [37°07’ N, 7°39’ W], June 1887, Moller, A. s.n. ( COI!); [37°01’ N, 7°56’ W], August 1882, Guimarães s.n. ( COI!); [3°14’ N, 8°11’ W], June 1887, Moller, A. s.n. ( COI!); [37°14’ N, 8°03’ W], June 1887, Moller, A. s.n. ( COI!); [37°06’ N, 8°40’ W], Sampaio, G. 4452 ( COI!); [37°08’ N, 8°02’ W], June 1888, Fernandes, J. s.n. ( COI!); [37°06’ N, 8°21’ W], 4 April 1966, Moura, A. R. 492 ( COI!); prope Faro, Algarbia, Lusitania , [37°01’ N, 7°56’ W], May 1885, Guimarães 2753 ( K!); Estrada de Lagos-Sagres, à saída de Lagos, [37°06’ N, 8°40’ W], 23 March 1964, Fernandes, A.; Fernandes, R.; Matos, J. 8992 ( BR, COI!); S coast, between Lagos and Cape St. Vicente, Salema, [37°04’ N, 8°49’ W], 18 March 1986, Maxted, J. 28 ( RNG!); Portimão, [37°08’ N, 8°32’ W], 16 April 1921, Rahn, K. 384 ( C!); Alto Alentejo: [38°34’ N, 7°54’ W], May 1882, Daveau, J. nc 65 ( COI!); Alto Alentejo [39°17’ N, 7°26’ W], June 1891, Moller, A. s.n. ( COI!); Alto Alentejo Vendas Novas, 146 m [38°40’38” N, 8°27’19” W], March 1930, Basto, H. s.n. ( LISI!); Alto Alentejo Viana do Alentejo, Alcáçovas, Herdade da Casa Nova, [38°24’ N, 8°09’ W], 21 April 1955, Mendes, J. R. R. s.n. ( LISI!); Alto Alentejo Estremoz, arredores, [38°51’ N, 7°35’ W], 20 January 1957, Ramos, O. s.n. ( LISI!); Alto Alentejo Redondo, Montoito, Herdade da Casa Alta, 233 m [38°30’ N, 7°36’ W], 17 May 1956, Chican, J. s.n. ( LISI!); Alto Alentejo Évora, Graça do Divor, Herdade do Divor da Figueira, [38°39’ N, 7°59’ W], 8 May 1956, Sousa, J. V. S. Q. s. n. ( LISI!); Alto Alentejo Vila Viçosa, Sesmo da Saravisea, [38°47’ N, 7°25’ W], 9 May 1949, Braga, M. C. s.n. ( LISI!); Alto Alentejo Sousel, Tapada de Vencerei, [38°57’ N, 7°40’ W], 8 April 1953, Marchante, A. P. s.n. ( LISI!); Alto Alentejo Elvas, a meio caminho da estrada S. Vicente - Sta. Eulália, 1, 5 km W, [38°53’ N, 7°10’ W], 21 May 1957, Barradas, J. T. A. s.n. ( LISI!); Alto Alentejo Arraiolos, Vimieiro, Herdade da Tourega, [38°43’ N, 7°59’ W], 27 May 1983, Costa, J. C. s.n. ( LISI!); Alto Alentejo Montemor-o Novo, Lavre, [38°46’ N, 8°22’ W], 15 June 1962, Rozeira, A.; Koepp, K.; Costa, G. s.n. ( PO!); Alto Alentejo Alter do Chão, Coudelaria de Alter, [39°12’ N, 7°40’ W], 2 March 1955, Malato-Beliz, J. V. C.; Raimundo 1765 ( MA!); Alto Alentejo Elvas, [...] Quinta de Sta. Rita, [38°53’ N, 7°10’ W], 8 March 1953, Guerra, J. A. 82 ( MA!); Alto Alentejo Mourão, carretera entre Villanuevo del Fresno y Mourão, 140 m [38°22’ N, 7°18’ W], 21 March 2001, Nisa , S.; Castroviejo, S.; Aldasoro, J. J. SN 289 ( MA!); Alto Alentejo [38°43’ N, 7°36’ W], 7 May 1997, Fernandes, A.; Sousa 1725 ( COI!); Alto Alentejo [38°43’ N, 7°36’ W], May 1891, Moller, A. s.n. ( COI!); Alto Alentejo [38°53’ N, 7°10’ W], April 1887, Sousa, J. C. S. s.n. ( COI!); Alto Alentejo Vila Fernando to Vila Boim, Atalaia Ridge, [38°52’ N, 7°17’ W], 27 April 1979, Goriup, P.D. s.n. ( RNG!); Beira Alta: [40°24’ N, 7°43’ W], 31 March 1980, Marques, A. 1733 ( COI!); [40°26’ N, 8°00’ W], June 1886, Moller, A. s.n. ( COI!); [40°31’ N, 7°37’ W], July 1890, Ferreira, M. s.n. ( COI!); Manteigas, Qta de S. Fernando, [40°24’ N, 7°32’ W], April 1938, Torres, A. M. s.n. ( LISI!); Casais do Douro, mata da Quinta da Carvalha, [41°10’ N, 7°32’ W], April 1942, Grandvaux Barbosa, L. A.; Garcia, F. 3127 ( LISI!); Mangualde, Bôco, S. Tiago, 650 m [40°36’ N, 7°46’ W], 17 May 1955, Almeida , F. S. s.n. ( LISI!); Trancoso, Quadrado, próx. da estrada para Celorico, 475 m [40°47’ N, 7°21’ W], 21 April 1954, Costa, N. M. s.n. ( LISI!); Vila Nova de Foz Côa, entre Vila Nova de Foz Côa e Ponte de Côa, 29TPF5848, [41°05’ N, 7°12’ W], 8 March 2008, Honrado, J.; Caldas, F. B.; Séneca, A.; Pereira , R. s.n. ( PO!); Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo, Barca d’Alva, Quinta da Pedriça, [41°01’ N, 6°56’ W], 12 April 1977, Rezende, A.; Serra , A.; Bernardino, C. s.n. ( PO!); [41°01’ N, 6°56’ W], 25 March 1973, Rozeira, A.; Serra , A.; Bernardino, C. s.n. ( PO!); Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo, Barca d’Alva, a Sul da estação, [41°01’ N, 6°56’ W], 26 May 1971, Costa, G.; Araújo, J. s.n. ( PO!); Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo, Barca d’Alva, Quinta da Pedriça, a Sul da estação, [41°01’ N, 6°56’ W], 29 June 1970, Rozeira, A. s.n. ( PO!); Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo, Barca d’Alva, estação dos C. F., [41°01’ N, 6°56’ W], 23 May 1970, Rozeira, A.; Barreto, D.; Costa, G.; Serra , A. s.n. ( PO!); Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo, Barca d’Alva, [41°01’ N, 6°56’ W], 5 May 1967, Rozeira, A.; Costa, G.; Araújo, J. s.n. ( PO!); em frente a Barca d’Alva, [41°01’ N, 6°56’ W], 7 April 1952, Rozeira, A.; Serra , A. s.n. ( PO!); Lamego, próx. à margem do Rio Douro em frente à Regua, [41°08’ N, 7°48’ W], 16 April 1953, Rozeira, A.; Castro, J. s.n. ( PO!); [40°24’ N, 7°32’ W], Sampaio, G. 5798 ( COI!); Baixo Alentejo: [37°38’ N, 7°40’ W], April 1888, Moller, A. s.n. ( COI!); Serra de Serpa , [37°50’ N, 7°35’ W], October 1929, Mello, M. P. s.n. ( LISI!); Barrancos, [38°08’ N, 6°59’ W], March 1940, Costa s.n. ( LISI!); Moura, [38°08’ N, 7°27’ W], 27 March 1957, Belo, M. s.n. ( LISI!); Serpa, Herdade da Torre, [37°56’ N, 7°36’ W], April 1952, Palma , F. G. s.n. ( LISI!); Mértola, terraço do Castelo, [37°38’ N, 7°40’ W], 21 April 1984, Caldas, F. B. s.n. ( PO!); Beja, [38°01’ N, 7°52’ W], 14 March 1971, Ferreira, B. s.n. ( PO!); Odemira, Ribeira do Torgal, [37°36’ N, 8°38’ W], 19 April 1968, Rozeira, A.; Alte, J.; Costa, G.; Serra , A. s.n. ( PO!); Odemira, [37°35’ N, 8°29’ W], 1899, Sampaio, L. s.n. ( PO!); Odemira, Furnal, [37°35’ N, 8°29’ W], August 1905, Sampaio, G. s.n. ( PO!); entre Ourique e Castro Verde, [37°42’ N, 8°05’ W], May 1888, Moller, A. s.n. ( MA!); carretera Brinches - Moura, [38°02’ N, 7°36’ W], 21 March 2001, Valcárcel, V.; Aedo, C.; Álvarez, I.; Navarro, C. 01VV 78 ( MA!); [37°35’ N, 8°29’ W], 1893, Sampaio, G. 65 ( COI!); [37°40’ N, 8°10’ W], May 1888, Moller, A. s.n. ( COI!); [37°50’ N, 7°35’ W], May 1882, Daveau, J. s.n. ( COI!); [38°03’ N, 8°02’ W], 14 June 1960, Fernandes, A.; Fernandes, R.; Matos, J. 7551 ( COI!); Beja Beja, [38°01’ N, 7°52’ W], April 1999, NCRPIS ( USDA) PI 633645 in Silveira, P. 3110 ( AVE!); Beira Baixa: Idanha-a-Nova, Carvalhos, 364 m [39°55’ N, 7°14’ W], 4 April 1955, Avelar, J. A. G. s.n. ( LISI!); Penamacor, leito de cheia da Ribeira de Bazágueda, [40°10’ N, 7°10’ W], 27 April 1987, Lousã, M.; Rosa ; Luz s.n. ( LISI!); Covilhã, Refúgio, [40°16’ N, 7°30’ W], 28 April 1962, Rozeira, A.; Koepp, K.; Costa, G. s.n. ( PO!); S. Fiel, [40°02’ N, 7°30’ W], February 1890, Merryharth, L. J. s.n. ( COI!); [39°49’ N, 7°30’ W], Sampaio, G. 5492 ( COI!); Beira Litoral: [40°19’ N, 8°35’ W], 18 February 1980, Marques, A. 1595 ( COI!); [40°36’ N, 8°40’W], 14 January 1980, Marques, A. 1579 ( COI!); [40°41’ N, 8°36’ W], 18 December 1979, Marques, A. 1561 ( COI!); [40°26’ N, 8°26’ W], 21 March 1977, Marques, A. 85 ( COI!); [40°12’ N, 8°25’ W], November 1886, Moller, A. 277 ( COI!); Figueira da Foz, ad fossas salinarium, [40°09’ N, 8°52’ W], 2 August 1968, Rechinger, K. H. O 2412 ( HAL!); Montemor-o-Velho, [40°10’ N, 8°41’ W], July 1938, Fonseca, F. s.n. ( LISI!); Murtosa (Aveleira, Celeiro), [40°44’ N, 8°38’ W], April 1930, Souza , T. s.n. ( LISI!); Oliveira de Azemeis, [40°50’ N, 8°29’ W], January 1950, Pinheiro, F. S. s.n. ( LISI!); Coimbra, Penacova, Oliveira do Mondego, arredores de Porto da Raiva, [40°19’ N, 8°13’ W], 10 July 1982, Marques, A. 2206 ( MA!); Condeixa, nas ruínas, [40°07’ N, 8°30’ W], 6 August 2002, Machado, A. s.n. ( PO!); Figueira da Foz, Quiaios, [40°13’ N, 8°51’ W], 22 July 1987, Serra , A.; Armando; Loureiro s.n. ( PO!); Aveiro, a N da cidade, [40°38’ N, 8°39’ W], 28 June 1964, Rozeira, A.; Costa, G. s.n. ( PO!); Ovar, Luzes, [40°52’ N, 8°38’ W], 28 November 1958, Martins d’Alte; Costa s.n. ( PO!); arredores de Coimbra, [40°12’ N, 8°25’ W], December 1880, Lima , W. P. 208 ( PO, LISI!); [40°38’ N, 8°39’ W], 7 February 1977, Marques, A. 10 ( COI!); [40°23’ N, 8°22’ W], 1885, Ferreira, M. s.n. ( COI!); [40°12’ N, 8°25’ W], Sampaio, G. 741 ( COI!); [40°22’ N, 8°27’ W], Sampaio, G. 523 ( COI!); [40°10’ N, 8°51’ W], August 1895, Ferreira, M. s.n. ( COI!); [40°26’ N, 8°44’ W], July 1893, Ferreira, M. s.n. ( COI!); [40°12’ N, 8°51’ W], September 1882, Moller, A. s.n. ( COI!); [40°16’ N, 8°28’ W], March 1883, Moller, A. s.n. ( COI!); [40°07’ N, 8°15’ W], May 1906, Lemos, A. V. s.n. ( COI!); [40°12’ N, 8°25’ W], 13 November 1965, Moura, A. R. 12 ( COI!); [40°10’ N, 8°28’ W], 15 April 1965, Paiva, J. 76 ( COI!); [40°02’ N, 8°23’ W], 1 April 1995, Durães, C.; Prata, F. 19 ( COI!); Coimbra, 1844, unclear s.n. ( K!); Coimbra, Penedo da Meditação, [40°12’ N, 8°25’ W], 5 April 1954, Matos, A.; Marques, A. s.n. ( RAB, COI, SANT!); Arganil Arganil, Esporão, junto às bombas da GALP, 580 m 7 March 1996, Silveira, P.;, M. C.Alves, J.Forte A. Pimenta 3 ( AVE, COI!); Arganil Arganil, Salgueiral, 270 m 10 March 1998, Silveira, P. 1712 ( AVE, COI!); Arganil Arganil, Folques, 240 m 10 March 1998, Silveira, P. 1718 ( AVE, COI!); O. Bairro Oliveira do Bairro, Oiã, Águas Boas, [40°32’ N, 8°34’ W], 14 April 2008, Silveira, P. 3020 ( AVE!); Aveiro Aveiro, Rua da Pêga, 1 m [40°38’ N, 8°39’ W], 14 April 2008, Silveira, P. 3021 ( AVE!); Aveiro Aveiro, Rua da Pˆga, 1 m [40°38’ N, 8°39’ W], 17 March 2009, Nora S in Silveira, P. 3021 b ( AVE!); Oliveira do Bairro ca. 300 m a W da povoação, 50 m [40°31’36” N, 8°33’40” W], 20 March 2015, Silveira, P. 3345 ( AVE!); Douro Litoral: Vila do Conde, margem direita do Rio Este, na ponte da estrada de Fontaínhas para Arcos, [41°24’ N, 8°40’ W], 12 November 1968, Mello, M. P. s.n. ( LISI!); Matosinhos, Custoias, beira da via férrea, [41°12’ N, 8°38’ W], 10 March 1976, Serra , A.; Botelho s.n. ( PO!); Baiao, Barragem do Carrapatelo, [41°09’ N, 8°02’ W], 5 May 1976, Rezende, A.; Serra , A.; Bernardino, C. s.n. ( PO!); Santo Tirso, Santa Cristina do Couto, [41°19’ N, 8°28’ W], 13 March 1945, Carneiro, B. s.n. ( PO!); Matosinhos, Perafita, Cabo do Mundo, [41°13’ N, 8°42’ W], 20 March 1975, Alexandre; Serra , A. s.n. ( PO!); Matosinhos, Custoias, [41°12’ N, 8°38’ W], 7 May 1974, Serra , A. s.n. ( PO!); Vila Nova de Gaia, Lavadores, [41°08’ N, 8°40’ W], 7 April 1973, Serra , A. s.n. ( PO!); Gondomar, Gramido, na beira do Rio Douro, [41°09’ N, 8°32’ W], 2 March 1972, Serra , A. s.n. ( PO!); Maia, na beira da estrada que vai para a via norte, [41°14’ N, 8°37’ W], 24 November 1971, Serra , A.; Araújo, J. s.n. ( PO!); Vila Nova de Gaia, Praia de Salgueiros, [41°08’ N, 8°37’ W], 17 April 1969, Serra , A. s.n. ( PO!); Vila Nova de Gaia, Canidelo, Praia de Salgueiros, [41°07’ N, 8°39’ W], 18 August 1967, Costa, G. s.n. ( PO!); Vila Nova de Gaia, Candal, Lavadores, [41°08’ N, 8°40’ W], December 1965, Costa, G. s.n. ( PO!); Gondomar—Fanzeres, Seixo, [41°10’ N, 8°32’ W], 22 April 1965, Costa, G.; Araújo, J. s.n. ( PO!); Vila Nova de Gaia, Gulpilhares, [41°05’ N, 8°39’ W], 18 December 1964, Costa, G. s.n. ( PO!); Vila Nova de Gaia, Lavadores, [41°08’ N, 8°40’ W], 11 August 1963, Costa, G. s.n. ( PO!); Matosinhos, Leça da Palmeira, Rodão, [41°12’ N, 8°42’ W], 30 January 1963, Costa, G. s.n. ( PO!); Vila do Conde, Azurara, [41°21’ N, 8°44’ W], 6 December 1961, Costa, G. s.n. ( PO!); Valongo, próximo a Santa Justa, [41°10’ N, 8°30’ W], 4 December 1959, Costa, G.; Alves, A. s.n. ( PO!); Vila Nova de Gaia, Canidelo, Salgueiros, [41°07’ N, 8°39’ W], 14 October 1959, Costa, G.; Alves, A. s.n. ( PO!); Matosinhos, Santa Cruz do Bispo, [41°13’ N, 8°40’ W], 3 April 1955, Costa, G.; Araújo, J. s.n. ( PO!); Matosinhos, Boa Nova, [41°02’ N, 8°37’ W], 28 February 1947, Castro, J. s.n. ( PO!); Matosinhos, Leça da Palmeira, [41°12’ N, 8°42’ W], 29 February 1891, Johnston, E. s.n. ( PO!); Matosinhos, próximo a Guifões, [41°12’ N, 8°40’ W], 29 November 1885, Johnston, E. s.n. ( PO!); Matosinhos, [41°11’ N, 8°41’ W], 24 April 1949, Castro, J. s. n. ( PO!); Melres, [41°04’ N, 8°24’ W], 8 April 1949, Rozeira, A. s.n. ( PO!); Porto, Prelada, [41°25’ N, 8°46’ W], 15 April 1942, Castro, J. s.n. ( PO!); Porto, [41°09’ N, 8°37’ W], May 1897, Sampaio, G. s.n. ( PO!); Amarante, [41°16’ N, 8°05’ W], April 1906, Sampaio, G. s.n. ( PO!); Vila do Conde, Jardim, [41°21’ N, 8°45’ W], April 1906, Sampaio, G. s.n. ( PO!); Porto, Foz do Douro, [41°09’ N, 8°40’ W], May 1908, Sampaio, G. s.n. ( PO!); Serra da Estrela, Gouveia ved Bokven, [40°30’ N, 7°36’ W], 6 April 1921, Rahn, K. 74 ( C!); [41°06’ N, 8°38’ W], 9 July 2009, Nora S in Silveira, P. 3054 ( AVE!); Estremadura: [38°48’ N, 9°23’ W], 22 December 1960, Matos, J.; Marques, A. 7619 ( COI!); Seixal, Praia da Areia Branca, [39°15’ N, 9°20’ W], 16 January 1978, Costa, J. C. s.n. ( LISI!); Caldas da Rainha, Alvorninha, Quinta do Bairro, [39°23’ N, 9°02’ W], 17 March 1981, Vasconcellos, J.; et al. s.n. ( LISI!); Arredores de Lisboa, Serra de Monsanto , [38°44’ N, 9°11’ W], June 1888, unclear s.n. ( LISI!); Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, [38°57’ N, 9°08’ W], January 1929, Vasconcellos, J. s.n. ( LISI!); Trafaria, [38°40’ N, 9°14’ W], April 1936, Pinto da Silva s.n. ( LISI!); Vila Franca (Monte Gordo), 190 m [39°48’ N, 7°44’ W], April 1941, Carvalho, J. M.; Flores, F. M. 279 7 ( LISI!); Loures (Guerreiros), 80 m [38°50’ N, 9°10’ W], April 1941, Carvalho, J. M.; Flores, F. M. 148 4 ( LISI!); entre Regna e Caldas de Moledo, [39°17’ N, 9°15’ W], March 1941, Lopes, P.; Gomes Pedro, J. 106 ( LISI!); Alcacer do Sal, Valverde, [38°22’ N, 8°30’ W], May 1953, Quita Quita, J. s.n. ( LISI!); Óbidos, Quinta de Paul—Amoreira, [39°20’ N, 9°12’ W], April 1953, Guerra, A. C. C. s.n. ( LISI!); Mata Nacional dos Medos, Península de Setúbal, [38°55’ N, 9°20’ W], 29 May 1957, Lameira, R. s.n. ( LISI!); Sesimbra, Castelo, Cabo Espichel, [38°25’ N, 9°13’ W], 12 February 1980, Franco, J. A.; Lousã, M.; Espírito Santo, M.D. s.n. ( LISI!); Torres Vedras, Paul, [39°06’ N, 9°16’ W], 30 April 1974, Vasconcelos, T. s.n. ( LISI!); Cadaval—Junceira, ca. 1 km antes da vila, vindo de Montejunto, [39°14’ N, 9°06’ W], 9 May 1971, Mello, M. P. s.n. ( LISI!); Oeiras, gardens of palace, weed, Instituto Gulbenkian, [38°42’00” N, 9°18’30” W], 4 April 1978, Pankhurst, R. J. 78 18 ( BM!); Sesimbra, Lagoa de Albufeira, [38°31’ N, 9°10’ W], 21 February 1989, Moura, A. R. 3651 ( MA!); Porto, Arrábida, [38°29’ N, 8°59’ W], 12 March 1962, Araújo, M. s.n. ( PO!); Alcochete, [38°45’ N, 8°58’ W], 5 April 1958, Rozeira, A.; Koepp, K.; Araújo, J. s.n. ( PO!); Grândula, [38°10’ N, 8°34’ W], 18 April 1968, Rozeira, A.; Alte, J.; Costa, G.; Serra , A. s.n. ( PO!); Serra da Arrábida, Mata do Solitário, [38°28’ N, 9°00’ W], 17 April 1968, Malato-Beliz, J. V. C.; et al. 2472 ( MA!); Península de Troia, [38°23’ N, 8°47’ W], 4 October 1972, Malato-Beliz, J. V. C.; Guerra, J. A. 11505 ( MA!); Serra de Monsanto , [38°44’ N, 9°11’ W], March 1885, Daveau, J. 1214 ( MA!); Lourinhã, Praia da Areia Branca, [39°15’ N, 9°20’ W], 4 September 1961, Rainha, B. 5086 ( LISI, MA!); [37°57’ N, 8°25’ W], Sampaio, G. 3168 ( COI!); Sesimbra, dentro da cerca do Castelo, [38°27’ N, 9°07’ W], 18 December 1975, Correia , M. F.; Cardoso, J. 4423 ( COI, BC!); [38°32’ N, 8°54’ W], April 1887, Moller, A. s.n. ( COI!); [38°32’ N, 8°54’ W], April 1901, Luisier, A. s.n. ( COI!); [38°56’ N, 9°20’ W], October 1886, Simões, Z. s.n. ( COI!); [39°06’ N, 9°16’ W], July 1884, Perestrello, J. s.n. ( COI!); [38°42’ N, 9°25’ W], Sampaio, G. 2996 ( COI!); [38°42’ N, 9°25’ W], Sampaio, G. 3660 ( COI!); [38°44’ N, 9°11’ W], March 1881, Daveau, J. s.n. ( COI!); [38°42’ N, 9°10’ W], January 1881, Daveau, J. s.n. ( COI!); [38°28’ N, 9°10’ W], May 1882, Moller, A. s.n. ( COI!); [38°44’ N, 8°58’ W], April 1901, Luisier, A. s.n. ( COI!); [39°45’ N, 8°56’ W], March 1886, Pimentel, S. s.n. ( COI!); [39°51’ N, 8°39’ W], July 1890, Moller, A. s.n. ( COI!); [38°40’ N, 9°14’ W], April 1890, Daveau, J. s.n. ( COI!); Lagoa de Santo Andre, [38°06’ N, 8°48’ W], 23 February 1968, Fernandes, A.; Paiva, J.; Matos, J. 10092 ( COI, RAB, SANT!); [38°27’ N, 9°07’ W], 19 February 1971, Matos, A.; Alves, M. s.n. ( COI!); [38°41’ N, 9°09’ W], 6 December 1981, Mendes, J.; Romão, J. s.n. ( COI!); [38°40’ N, 9°04’ W], 10 November 1943, Fontes, S.; Silva , M. 138 ( COI!); Serra de Monsanto , [38°44’ N, 9°11’ W], April 1880, Daveau, J. 340 ( PO, COI!); arredores de Lisboa, 27 April 1947, Lemos, F. 24 ( K!); Vallée d’Alcantara, [38°42’ N, 9°10’ W], April 1880, Daveau, J. s.n. ( K!); Estacio Agronomica Nacional, Oeiras, 22 January 1965, Meyer, F. G. 9103 ( K!); Barreiro, [38°40’ N, 9°04’ W], November 1943, Fontes, C.; Silva , M. 138 ( RAB!); Montejunto, Pragança, próx. das Penhas do Meio Dia, 320 m [39°11’ N, 9°03’ W], 27 March 1953, Rainha, B. 2443 ( RAB!); Caceres, Alcantara, ribeiras del Tajo, northen bank, near the roman way 29SPD 8998, 145 m [38°42’ N, 9°10’ W], 3 May 1994, Conti, F.; et al. 1599 ( RNG!); Porto de Mós Porto de Mós, junto às grutas de Alvados, [39°33’ N, 8°46’ W], 8 April 2006, Silveira, P. 2938 b ( AVE!); Sintra Sintra, Colares, junto ao cruzamento para Praia das Maçãs, num muro da Rua 1º de Maio, 19 m [38°48’13” N, 9°27’03” W], 18 March 2008, Silveira, P. 3018 ( AVE!); Cadaval berma da estrada, uns 100 m depois da localidade anterior, 337 m [39°11’46” N, 9°03’28” W], 19 January 2011, Silveira, P. 3181 ( AVE!); Minho: Guimarães—Brito, Pedra Furada, [41°27’ N, 8°22’ W], 9 April 1971, Mello, M. P. s.n. ( LISI!); [41°32’ N, 8°47’ W], October 1883, Sequeira, A. s.n. ( COI!); Ribatejo: Vila Nova de Ourém, Fátima, Boleiros, [39°35’ N, 8°39’ W], 15 April 1955, Lopes, M. C. s.n. ( LISI!); Santarém, Almoster, Quinta do Vale de Moinhos, [39°14’ N, 8°48’ W], 15 April 1956, Alfaiate, M. s.n. ( LISI!); Rio Maior, Fonte Branca, propriedade de António de Sousa Salgado, [39°20’ N, 8°56’ W], 23 January 1980, Vasconcelos, T. 14 ( LISI!); Alcanena, grutas de Sto António, [39°27’ N, 8°40’ W], 18 May 1974, Rozeira, A.; Serra , A.; Bernardino, C. s.n. ( PO!); Entroncamento, estação dos C. F., [39°28’ N, 8°28’ W], 26 May 1971, Costa, G.; Araújo, J. s.n. ( PO!); estrada de Muge a Almeirim, a 3 km de Almeirim, [39°12’ N, 8°38’ W], 5 February 1971, Rozeira, A.; Barreto, D.; Costa, G.; Serra , A. s.n. ( PO!); Fátima, estrada para a fonleira, [39°37’ N, 8°39’ W], 14 June 1962, Rozeira, A.; Koepp, K.; Costa, G. s.n. ( PO!); Entroncamento, estação dos C. F., [39°28’ N, 8°28’ W], 8 August 1970, Rozeira, A.; Costa, G.; Serra , A. s.n. ( PO!); Quinta Grande, [38°56’ N, 8°31’ W], March 1894, Sampaio, G. s.n. ( PO!); Alferrarede, próximo Abrantes, 100 m [39°29’ N, 8°10’ W], 27 March 1992, Navarro, C.; Aedo, C.; Muñoz Garmendia, F. CN 121 ( MA!); [39°33’ N, 8°31’ W], 30 March 1976, Matos, A.; Cabral, J. L.; Alves, M. 13519 ( COI!); [39°42’ N, 8°18’ W], 27 February 1970, Nogueira, J.; Almeida , T.; Dinis, A. 10962 ( COI!); [39°28’ N, 8°12’ W], 9 June 1971, Fernandes, A.; Fernandes, R.; Matos, J. 11592 ( COI!); [39°46’ N, 8°16’ W], 1888, Pinto, F. S. s.n. ( COI!); [39°14’ N, 8°41’ W], 29 March 1954, Matos, J.; Matos, A.; Santos, A. 4624 ( COI!); [39°14’ N, 8°41’ W], 5 December 1965, Moura, A. R. 100 ( COI!); Abrantes, Alvega, Areia de Baixo, ao sair da povoação em direção à Barragem de Belver, 50 m [39°27’49” N, 8°00’32” W], 26 December 2011, Silveira, P. 3179 ( AVE!); Trás-os-Montes: [41°29’ N, 7°11’ W], 3 May 1951, Beliz, E. R. 773 ( COI!); Vilarinho dos Freires, próx. à Ponte da Férvida, [41°10’ N, 7°45’ W], 26 March 1945, Grandvaux Barbosa, L. A.; Garcia, F. 7743 ( LISI!); Vale do Tua, Tralhariz, [41°14’ N, 7°24’ W], October 1944, Grandvaux Barbosa, L. A.; Garcia, F. 7404 ( LISI!); Mogadouro, [41°20’ N, 6°43’ W], 3 July 1985, Serra , A.; Loureiro s.n. ( PO!); Alijó, Pinhão, [41°11’ N, 7°33’ W], 3 March 1974, Rozeira, A.; Serra , A.; Bernardino, C. s.n. ( PO!); Vila Real, beira do circuito, [41°18’ N, 7°45’ W], 2 March 1974, Rozeira, A.; Serra , A.; Bernardino, C. s.n. ( PO!); Santa Marta de Penaguião, Casal da Gaivosa, [41°12’ N, 7°48’ W], 2 March 1974, Rozeira, A.; Serra , A.; Bernardino, C. s.n. ( PO!); Vila Real, Borralha, [41°39’ N, 7°59’ W], 2 March 1974, Rozeira, A.; Serra , A.; Bernardino, C. s.n. ( PO!); Carrazeda de Ansiães, Foz-Tua, taludes da via férrea de Bragança, [41°13’ N, 7°26’ W], 3 April 1971, Barreto, D.; Costa, G.; Serra , A. s.n. ( PO!); Freixo de Espada à Cinta, Poiares, a 7 km de Barca d’Alva, [41°03’ N, 6°52’ W], 22 May 1970, Rozeira, A.; Barreto, D.; Costa, G.; Serra , A. s.n. ( PO!); Freixo de Espada à Cinta, Poiares, próx. ao ribeiro do Mosteiro, [41°03’ N, 6°52’ W], 22 May 1970, Rozeira, A.; Barreto, D.; Costa, G.; Serra , A. s.n. ( PO!); Miranda do Douro, barragem de Bemposta, margem do Douro a Sul, [41°30’ N, 6°16’ W], 7 June 1963, Rozeira, A.; Koepp, K.; Araújo, M. s.n. ( PO!); Carrazeda de Ansiães, Foz-Tua, [41°13’ N, 7°26’ W], 4 April 1942, Rozeira, A. s.n. ( PO!); Sabrosa, Covas do Douro, [41°11’ N, 7°36’ W], 22 April 1938, Rozeira, A. s.n. ( PO!); Bragança, [41°49’ N, 6°45’ W], 6 April 1909, Sampaio, G. s.n. ( PO!); [41°13’ N, 7°42’ W], March 1910, Pavão, A. A. s.n. ( COI!); [41°19’ N, 7°02’ W], April 1890, Ochôa, M. C. s.n. ( COI!); [41°26’ N, 6°52’ W], May 1887, Mariz, J. s.n. ( COI!); [41°28’ N, 6°27’ W], June 1888, Mariz, J. s.n. ( COI!); [41°39’ N, 6°36’ W], July 1922, Lopes, M. 363 ( COI!); [41°10’ N, 7°03’ W], May 1887, Mariz, J. s.n. ( COI!);

Calendula officinalis Linnaeus (1753: 921) ; Willkomm & Lange (1865: 126); Merino (1906: 399); Coutinho (1913. 641, 1939: 758); Sampaio (1947: 580); Meikle (1976: 207); Franco (1984: 432); Bolós & Vigo (1996: 858); Aizpuru Oiarbide et al. (1999: 550); Greuter (2008b: 56); Blanca (2011: 1610); Greuter (2006 +[2017]). Lectotype (designated by Alavi 1983): — EUROPE: ‘ in Europae arvis ’ Löfling s.n. (LINN! [1035.4])

Annual or perennial herbs, ± woody at the base. Stems (31) 37.9–86 (94) cm long, erect, diffuse or prostrate, ± branched, leafy almost to the apex, with glandular and non-glandular hairs in varying proportions, ± viscous. Basal leaves (8.7) 10.8–12.2 (15) × (2.5) 2.7–3 (4.5) cm, (0.3) 0.3–0.6 (0.7) mm thick, oblanceolate, narrowly obovate, oblong or spatulate, shortly acute or obtuse, margin sub-entire to repand-dentate, base attenuated in a ± longer petiole, with glandular and non-glandular hairs in varying proportions; the middle and upper cauline oblanceolate to lanceolate, usually auriculate, progressively smaller and sessile toward the apex. Capitula solitary (4.8) 5.2–7.6 (8) cm in diameter. Bracts 4.8–15.5 × 1–2.9 mm, arranged in 2–(3) or more rows, sub-equal, linear-lanceolate, acute, green with hyaline margin, frequently reddish at the apex, with glandular and non-glandular hairs. Ray florets 20–60, 17–32 × 3–5.1 mm, more than twice the length of the involucre, arranged in 2 or more rows, with 3 teeth at the apex of the limb, yellow or orange. Florets (60) 80–130 (300), 3.2–5.8 × 1.8–3.2 mm, yellow or dark purple. Anthers 2–2.7 mm long. Styles 2.9– 4.8 mm long. Outer achenes rostrate, (5.8) 9.4–16.8 (19) × (1.8) 2.8–3.8 (4.7) mm, usually ± curved, sometimes with small dorsal spines and with 1 or 2 ventral teeth, one at the base and another at the apex; middle achenes cymbiform (6.2) 10.5–13 (15.7) × (3.7) 7–8.8 (11.3) mm; inner achenes vermiculate-alate (6.7) 7–8 (9.2) × (3.5) 3.8–5 (5.8) mm, hook-shaped, with two narrow lateral wings, and/or vermiculate-exalate (5) 5.8–6.3 (7.5) × (1.8) 2–2.6 (3) mm, ± circular or hook-shaped.

Illustrations: Brandt et al. (1890) plate 61— Figures 30 F , 31 F–G and 32 C .

Habitat and distribution: Cultivated as an ornamental and medicinal plant, up to 1380 m of elev., sometimes escaped to waste ground or other ruderal vegetation. Widely dispersed throughout the world by humans— Figure 2 .

Conservation status: IUCN Red List Category: Not Applicable. The origin of this species is unknown but as it is widely cultivated since ancient times, and only sometimes escaping to waste ground and roadsides, it has been treated here as a domesticated taxon and was not assessed. Only wild taxa were assessed following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (2012).

Chromosome number: 2n = 281, 32.

Genome size: 2.98 ± 0.08 pg

Additional specimens examined: SPAIN. Alicante: Los Alcoyes, Torre de les Maçanes, 900 m [38°21’ N, 0°29’ W], 17 March 1990, Serra , L . 901769 ( VAL!); Torre de les Maçanes, Barranco de la Torre, 850 m [38°21’ N, 0°29’ W], 20 April 1991, Serra , L . 931193 ( VAL!); Balones, 670 m [38°44’ N, 0°20’ W], 28 March 1992, Serra , L . 2121 ( VAL!); Barcelona: Catalogne, Monserrat, 800 m [41°36’ N, 1°49’ E], 19 April 1916, Sennen , F . 2704 ( BM, COI, BC, MA!); Barcelona, [41°23’ N, 2°11’ E], May 1923, Sennen , F . s.n. ( BC!); Burgos: Pesquera de Ebro, [42°48’ N, 3°43’ W], 27 April 1985, Galán Cela; Martín , A . 931 ( MA!); Medina de Pomares, [42°56’ N, 3°29’ W], 15 August 1986, Molina ; Dueños s.n. ( MA!); Cantabria: Santander, [43°27’53” N, 3°48’16” W], 18 February 1986, Loriente , E . s.n. ( MA!); Soba, San Pedro de Soba, 680 m [43°12’ N, 3°35’ W], 22 October 1997, Pardo de Santayana , M . 266 ( MA!); Valderredible, Polientes, 760 m [42°48’ N, 3°56’ W], 20 October 1997, Pardo de Santayana , M . 314 ( MA!); Valderredible, Campo de Ebro, 700 m [42°48’ N, 3°58’ W], 21 October 1998, Pardo de Santayana , M . 237 ( MA!); Santander, [43°27’53” N, 3°48’16” W], 26 March 1983, Loriente , E . s.n. ( MA!); [43°27’53” N, 3°48’16” W], 5 April 1988, Loriente , E . s.n. ( MA!); San Vicente de La Barquera, [43°26’ N, 4°24’ W], 29 May 1988, Loriente , E . s.n. ( MA!); Cueto, [43°29’ N, 3°48’ W], 1 April 1991, Loriente , E . s.n. ( MA!); Castellón: Benafigos, 950 m [40°16’ N, 0°12’ W], 28 May 1988, Fabregat , C . 1531 CF ( BCN!); Oropesa (La Plana Alta), Oropesa (Montaña S), 50 m [39°55’ N, 5°10’ W], 7 July 1989, Tirado , J .; Villaescusa, C . s.n. ( VAL!); Fuente de la Reina, 800 m [41°00’ N, 0°51’ E], 21 May 1986, Mateo , G .; Figueirola, R . 86 480 ( VAL!); Benafigos, 950 m [40°16’ N, 0°12’ W], 28 May 1988 ,

1 A miscount, see Nora et al. (2013)

Fabregat, C. s.n. ( VAL!); Cuenca: Hontecillas , 820 m [39°42’ N, 2°11’ W], 29 April 2001, Alarcon , M. L. 23 ( MA!); Cervera del Llano , [39°47’ N, 2°25’ W], 14 June 1994, Pinillos , J. s.n. ( VAL!); Vara de Rey , 800 m [39°25’ N, 2°17’ W], 10 April 1999, Moratalla , L. 99 0675 ( VAL!); Landete, puente Salobrar , 1000 m [39°54’ N, 1°22’ W], 8 December 1994, Hernandez , M. L. 960765 ( VAL!); Cáceres: Cáceres , [39°29’ N, 6°22’ W], March, Mateos , R. 8099 ( MAF!); Villasbuenas de Gata , [40°11’ N, 6°37’ W], 8 April 1978, Franzi , A. V. s.n. ( SALA!); Torrejoncillo, Dehesa Vieja , 281 m [39°54’ N, 6°28’ W], 10 June 2009, Ladero , M.; Inglesas , F. J.; Pacheco , G. s.n. ( SALA!); La Coruna: Covas ( Ferrol ), [42°57’ N, 9°05’ W], 25 September 2001, Fagundez , J. 1452 ( SANT!); Valdocino, [43°36’ N, 8°08’ W], 5 May 1989, unclear s.n. ( SANT!); La Rioja: Santurdejo , afueras de a localidad, 790 m [42°23’ N, 2°57’ W], 19 April 1998, Banquero , G. G. 478 ( SALA!); León: Villar del Puerto , [42°53’ N, 5°35’ W], 27 June 2007, Delgado , M. C. s.n. ( LEB!); Correcillas , [42°53’ N, 5°27’ W], 21 June 2007, Delgado , M. C. s.n. ( LEB!); Coladilla , [42°53’ N, 5°33’ W], 27 June 2007, Delgado , M. C. s.n. ( LEB!); Puente Villarente , [42°33’ N, 5°27’ W], 1 October 1970, Andres , C. s.n. ( LEB!); Lugo: Lugo , [43°26’ N, 5°49’ W], 26 June 1993, Gomez, X . S. s.n. ( SANT!); Folgoso , [42°33’ N, 8°21’ W], 28 April 1981, Izco , J.; Amigo , J.; Guitan , J. s.n. ( SANT!); Lérida: Cubells , 450 m [41°51’ N, 0°58’ E], 16 August 1983, Pedrol , J. s.n. ( MA!); Madrid: Aranjuez,[40°02’N, 3°36’W],1924, unclear s.n. ( MAF!); Torrelodones, Los Peñacales , [40°35’ N, 3°56’ W], 14 June 1994, Gabriel , J. M.; Galán 278 ( MACB!); Navarra: Navarra [?], Jardín de Salinas , [43°00’ N, 1°30’ W], Salcedo s.n. ( MA!); Ourense: Castro mCaldelas , A Teixeira , 600 m [42°56’ N, 9°16’ W], 26 April 1996, Amigo , J.; Ortiz , S.; Lonzán , R. S. 930 ( SANT!); Palencia: Quintana del Puente , [42°05’ N, 4°12’ W], 18 June 1988, Lopez , C.; Monge , C.; Abello , A. R. s.n. ( MACB!); Monzon de Campos, bordes del rio Carrion , [41°53’ N, 4°32’ W], 19 June 1990, Lopez , C.; Abello , A. R. s.n. ( MACB!); Salamanca: Balneario de Retortillo , [40°58’ N, 5°39’ W], 10 June 1976, Rico , E. s.n. ( SALA!); Segovia: Sacramenia (coto de S. Bernardo ), 880 m [41°30’ N, 3°57’ W], 29 May 1984, Romero , T. s.n. ( MA!); Cantimpalos , 915 m [41°04’ N, 4°09’ W], 14 November 1987, Garcia , R. 4438 RG ( LEB, MA, SANT!); Fuente el Olmo de Fuentidueña , [41°23’ N, 4°00’ W], 29 September 1984, Romero , T. s.n. ( SALA!); Soria: Soria, [41°46’ N, 2°28’ W], unclear s.n. ( MA!); Tarragona: Alt Camp m Valls , [41°17’ N, 1°15’ E], 6 August 1977, Barrau , J. s.n. ( BC!); Teruel: San Agustin, Barranc del Barruezo , 860 m [40°21’ N, 1°06’ W], 12 October 1989, Riera , J. 1451 JRV ( VAL!); Nobrega de Abarracin , pueblo, 1380 m [40°21’ N, 1°06’ W], 11 July 2007, Mateo , G.; Torres , C.; Fabado , J. s.n. ( VAL!); Toledo: Caleruela , [39°52’ N, 5°15’ W], 15 March 1994, Navarro , P. s.n. ( MA!); Valencia: Gandia ( La Safor ), [38°58’ N, 0°11’ W], 17 July 1993, Soriano , P. s.n. ( VAL!); Morela (Els Ports), La Vallivana , 800 m [40°37’ N, 0°06’ W], 13 April 1989, Aguilella , A. AAP 3028 ( VAL!); Betera ( Camp de Turia ), [39°35’ N, 0°27’ W], 20 May 1987, Crespo , M. B. s.n. ( VAL!); Riba mRoja (Camp de Turia), Pla de la Vallesa , 75 m [39°28’ N, 0°22’ W], 13 January 2000, Peña , A. s.n. ( VAL!); La Costera, Canals , 160 m [39°28’ N, 0°22’ W], 3 May 1997, Sancho , M. E. s.n. ( VAL!); Cataroja, Puerto, [39°24’ N, 0°24’ W], 28 February 1998, Bargues, D. s.n. ( VAL!); Enbalse de Buseo , [39°28’ N, 0°22’ W], 4 April 1984, Sanchis , E.; Alcober , J. A. s.n. ( VAL!); Chiva a Quart , 150 m [39°28’ N, 0°22’ W], 19 April 1984, Mateo , G. s.n. ( VAL!); Paterua , La Cañade, 100 m [39°28’ N, 0°22’ W], 14 April 1991, Moraño , M. s.n. ( VAL!); Valladolid: Renedo de Esgueva , 700 m [41°39’ N, 4°43’ W], 23 April 2000, Bello , J. A. s.n. ( SALA!); Zaragoza: Zuera, 280 m [41°52’ N, 0°47’ W], 7 March 1981, Segura Zubizarreta, A. 24014 ( MA!); PORTUGAL. Alto Alentejo : Elvas , Quinta de Sto. Onofre , [38°53’ N, 7°10’ W], 1971, Guerra , J. A. 795 ( MA!); Évora, [39°31’ N, 8°58’ W], May 1882, Daveau , J. 65 ( COI!); Elvas , [38°53’ N, 7°10’ W], April 1887, Gandonger , M. s.n. ( COI!); Calendula seminibus radii cymbiformes echinatis, disci bicornibus. Lmm Hort. Clif 425, [39°31’ N, 8°58’ W], unknown s.n. ( G!); Beira Litoral: Oliveira do Bairro, Oiã , [40°33’ N, 8°32’ W], 12 April 2007, Silveira , P. 2986 b ( AVE!); [40°38’ N, 8°39’ W], 17 July 2009, Nora S in Silveira , P. 3053 ( AVE!); Vale de Cambra junto à N 224, 260 m [40°51’52” N, 8°23’03” W], 19 March 2015, Silveira , P. 3344 ( AVE!); Estremadura: Seixal , [38°38’ N, 9°06’ W], 10 March 1865, Lowe , R. T. 1004 abc ( BM, K!); Ponte da Ribeira da [...], estrada Vendas Novas m Lavre , [39°31’ N, 8°58’ W], 31 March 1970, Queirós 3168 ( COI!); Minho: Esposende Ofir, [41°31’ N, 8°46’ W], August 1975, Erickson H In NCRPIS ( USDA) PI 420253 in Silveira , P. 3091 ( AVE!); Ribatejo: Abrantes Abrantes, Alvega , Areia de Cima , [39°28’ N, 8°03’ W], 29 April 2007, Silveira , P. 2986 c ( AVE!);

Figures

FIGURE 2. Geographic distribution of Calendula specimens in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands.

FIGURE 4. Taxa richness (nº of taxa/grid cell) of Calendula in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands (mapped in 0.3 × 0.3° grid cells).

FIGURE 5. Boxplots representing the variability of quantitative characters in Calendula species. Arithmetic medians (lines), 25th -75th percentiles (boxes), minimum and maximum values (whiskers). Different letters reveal statistical differences at P <0.05.

FIGURE 6. Boxplots representing the variability of quantitative characters in Calendula species. Arithmetic medians (lines), 25th -75th percentiles (boxes), minimum and maximum values (whiskers). Different letters reveal statistical differences at P <0.05.

FIGURE 7. Boxplots representing the fruit variability of quantitative characters in Calendula species. Arithmetic medians (lines), 25th -75th percentiles (boxes), minimum and maximum values (whiskers). Different letters reveal statistical differences at P <0.05; n.s. denotes non-significant differences.

FIGURE 8. Boxplots representing the fruit variability of quantitative characters in Calendula species. Arithmetic medians (lines), 25th -75th percentiles (boxes), minimum and maximum values (whiskers). Different letters reveal statistical differences at P <0.05.

FIGURE 9. Two-dimensional ordination diagram of PCA 1x2 based on 57 morphological characters of 120 Calendula specimens.

FIGURE 10. Two-dimensional ordination diagram of PCA 1x3 based on 57 morphological characters of 120 Calendula specimens.

FIGURE 30. Variability of achene morphology of Calendula. A) C. suffruticosa subsp. greuteri—typical form (Silveira 2983, AVE); B) C. suffruticosa subsp. greuteri—less frequent form (Silveira & Gonçalves 3200, AVE); C) C. tripterocarpa (Silveira 2982, AVE); D) C. arvensis—typical form (Nora in Silveira 3054, AVE); E) C. arvensis—’macroptera’ form (Silveira 2985, AVE); F) C. officinalis (Silveira 3058, AVE). Rostrate achenes:A1, A2, B1, B2, D1, E1, F1, F2; cymbiform achenes:A3, C3, C4, D2, D3, E4, F3; sub-cymbiform achenes: B3, B4, F4; bialate achenes: E2, E3; trialate achenes: C1, C2; vermiculate-alate achenes: A4, B5, D4, E5, F5; vermiculate-exalate: C5, D5, E6, F6, F7, F8.All achenes in lateral view, except B3, C2, C3, D2, E2 and F3 in ventral face view, and B4, C4 and D3 in ± dorsal face view. Scale bars = 1 cm.

FIGURE 31. A–E) C. arvensis. A) Habit (Silveira & Gonçalves 3208, AVE); B) form with purple disc florets (Silveira 2978, AVE). C) form with strait rostrate achenes and slightly whitish indumentum (Silveira & Gonçalves 3209a, AVE); D) fruiting capitulum of a “macroptera” form (Silveira 2980, AVE); E) fruiting capitulum with less spiny and shorter rostrate achenes (Silveira & Gonçalves 3206, AVE); F–G) C. officinalis (cultivated); F) flowering and fruiting capitulum; G) flowering capitulum of a double-flowered form.

FIGURE 32. Variability of leaf morphology in Calendula.A) C. arvensis (Silveira 3345, AVE); B) C. tripterocarpa (Silveira & Gonçalves 3215, AVE); C) C. officinalis (Silveira 3345, AVE). Scale bars = 1cm.