Acanthocinini, Blanchard, 1845

Monné, Miguel A., Santos-Silva, Antonio & Monné, Marcela L., 2020, Key to South American genera of Acanthocinini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae Lamiinae) with erect setae on elytral surface, Zootaxa 4789 (2), pp. 523-553 : 524-526

Key to South American genera of Acanthocinini with erect setae on elytral surface

1. Erect setae restricted to elytral margins.................................................................... 2 – Erect setae on the entire elytral surface.................................................................... 3

2(1). Antennae 11-segmented ( Fig. 1 )........................................... Lepturges (Chaeturges) Gilmour, 1959 – Antennae 12-segmented ( Fig. 82 ).................................................. Lepturgantes Gilmour, 1957

3(1). Last abdominal segment notably long in male (almost as long as I–IV together) ( Figs. 2–3 )..... Vitacinis Monné et al., 2019 – Last abdominal segment distinctly shorter than I–IV together................................................... 4

4(3). Prothorax without lateral tubercle......................................................................... 5 – Prothorax with lateral tubercle........................................................................... 8

5(4). Elytra with minute basal crest and longitudinal carinae near suture; mesoventral process tuberculate ( Figs. 4–5 )............................................................................... Pseudocobelura Martins & Monné, 1974

– Elytra without basal crest or longitudinal carinae; mesoventral process not tuberculate............................... 6

6(5). Antennomere VIII distinctly narrower than VII; femora without long setae; mostly with metallic colors ( Figs. 6–7 )............................................................................................ Callipero Bates, 1864

– Antennomere VIII about as wide as VII; femora with or without long setae; other colors............................ 7

7(6). Tibiae with very long setae ( Fig. 10 )................................................ Lasiolepturges Melzer, 1928 – Tibiae without abundant long setae (at most with a few long setae) ( Figs. 8–9 )..................... Sporetus Bates, 1864

8(4). Elytra with centrobasal crest............................................................................. 9 – Elytra without centrobasal crest......................................................................... 26

9(8). Lower ocular lobe shorter than genae; metatibiae flattened and densely pilose.................................... 10

– Lower ocular lobe as high as genae (if the lower ocular lobe is shorter than genae, the metatibiae is not flattened); metatibiae not flattened or densely pilose........................................................................... 11

10(9). Scape clavate and pedunculate; pronotum without tubercles; metatibiae densely pilose ( Figs. 11–13 ).............................................................................................. Microplia Audinet-Serville, 1835

– Scape elongate, gradually enlarged to distal extremity; pronotum bituberculated; metatibiae with sparse setae, denser laterally ( Figs. 14–16 )...................................................................... Pertyia Aurivillius, 1922

11(9). Fifth antennomere with dense tuft of setae ( Fig. 17 ).................................... Cosmotoma Blanchard, 1843 – Fifth antennomere without tuft of setae................................................................... 12

12(11). Elytron with two crests, one at the base and another median................................................... 13 – Elytron with a centrobasal crest......................................................................... 14

13(12). Lateral tubercle of the prothorax slightly prominent, situated behind the middle; centrobasal crest formed only of setae, without projection of the integument ( Fig. 18–20 ).................................... Trichalcidion Monné & Delfino, 1981

– Lateral tubercle of the prothorax placed medially; centrobasal crest as projections of the integument, glabrous or only with a few setae ( Figs. 21–23 ).............................................................. Exalcidion Monné, 1977

14(12). Surface of the scape, ventral face of the antennomeres III–VI, femora and tibiae with very long erect setae (e.g. distinctly longer than width of the antennomere) ( Figs. 24–26 )......................................... Trichotithonus Monné, 1990

– Antennae and legs without very long setae................................................................ 15

15(14). Elytra with lateral and/or median dorsal carinae marked...................................................... 16 – Elytra without lateral or dorsal carinae.................................................................... 20

16(15). Prothorax with laterocentral tubercle.................................................................... 17 – Prothoracic lateral tubercle as a prolongation of the curvature................................................. 19

17(16). Elytra without humeral carinae ( Figs. 27–29 ).................................. Lithargyrus Martins & Monné, 1974 – Elytra with humeral carina............................................................................. 18

18(17). Elytral apex distinctly spiniform in outer angle; distance between upper eye lobes greater than three times the width of one upper lobe ( Fig. 83 ).............................................................. Parabaryssinus Monné, 2009

– Elytral apex not spiniform in outer angle; distance between upper eye lobes less than twice the width of one upper lobe ( Fig. 84 )…….............……. Paralcidion Gilmour, 1957

19(16). Basal metatarsomere as long as next two together; protibiae without spines or carinae ventrally; male with ventral face lacking long setae ( Figs. 30–32 ).............................................................. Baryssinus Bates, 1864

— Basal metatarsomere at least one time and a half as long as next two together; ventral face of the protibiae with longitudinal carinae provided of minute spines or lacking modifications; male with long setae ventrally ( Figs. 33–35 )..................................................................................... Neobaryssinus Monné & Martins, 1976

20(15). Mesoventral process wider or with the same width of a mesocoxa.............................................. 21 – Mesoventral process with one-fourth to one half the width of a mesocoxa........................................ 23

21(20). Ventral face of the male without long setae; ovipositor often very elongated ( Figs. 36–38 ).. Oedopeza Audinet-Serville, 1835 – Ventral face of the male with long setae; ovipositor shorter.................................................... 22

22(21). Elytral basal crest distinct ( Figs. 33–35 ).................................... Neobaryssinus Monné & Martins, 1976 – Elytral basal crest absent or nearly so ( Fig. 39 )................................. Baryssiniella Berkov & Monné, 2010

23(20). Species of reduced dimensions (total length 3–5.5 mm); lateral tubercle of the prothorax in the posterior third........... 24 – Species larger, more than 8 mm of total length; lateral tubercle of the prothorax in the middle of the sides or a little behind. 25

24(23). Pronotum without central tubercle ( Figs. 40–41 )....................................... Chaetacosta Gilmour, 1961 – Pronotum with central tubercle ( Figs. 42–44 ).......................................... Trichillurges Gilmour, 1961

25(23). Pronotum with tubercles ( Figs. 45–46 )................................................. Leptocometes Bates, 1881 – Pronotum without tubercles ( Figs. 47–48 )............................................. Onalcidion Thomson, 1864

26(8). Elytra with lateral carina starting at humerus............................................................... 27 – Elytra without lateral carina, or lateral carina not starting at humerus........................................... 28

27(26). Basal metatarsomere longer than II+III ( Figs. 49–50 )................................... Neoeutrypanus Monné, 1977 – Basal metatarsomere shorter than II+III ( Figs. 51–52 )....................................... Carphina Bates, 1872 28(26). Apical urosternite deeply and triangularly notched........................................................... 29 – Apical urosternite with other aspect...................................................................... 30

29(28). Meso- and metatibiae not flattened, with sparse setae ( Figs. 53–54 )............................ Alcidion Sturm, 1843 – Meso- and metatibiae flattened, with abundant setae ( Figs. 55–56 )....................... Pseudocriopsis Melzer, 1931

30(28). Pronotum with three to five distinct tubercles; elytra with granules ( Figs. 57–58 )................. Xylergates Bates, 1864 – Pronotum without tubercles; elytra without granules......................................................... 31

31(30). Basal metatarsomere shorter or equal to the length of II+III................................................... 32 – Basal metatarsomere longer than II+III................................................................... 37

32(31) Prothorax and elytra covered with green microscales with metallic reflections ( Fig. 59 )........... Proseriphus Monné, 2005 – Prothorax and elytra without green microscales............................................................ 33

33(32). Distance between upper ocular lobes larger than three times width of a lobe ( Figs. 60–61 )...... Brevoxathres Gilmour, 1959 – Distance between upper ocular lobes one or two times width of a lobe.......................................... 34

34(33). Prothorax laterally rounded in the apical half; lateral tubercle is a prolongation of the curve.......................... 35 – Prothorax nearly parallel-sided anteriorly................................................................. 36

35(34). Ovipositor projected beyond the elytral apices ( Figs. 62–63 )................................... Oxathres Bates, 1864 – Ovipositor not projected ( Figs. 64–65 )................................................ Sciadosoma Melzer, 1934

36(34). Mesoventral process one fifth width of a mesocoxa ( Fig. 66 )............................ Paraprobatius Breuning, 1955 – Mesoventral process at least three-fourths width of a mesocoxa ( Fig. 67 )................... Pentheochaetes Melzer, 1932

37(31). Lateral tubercle of the prothorax in the middle of the sides or a little beyond...................................... 38 – Lateral tubercles in the posterior third.................................................................... 39

38(37). Male with antennomeres III–V without projections at inner apex; ventral face without long setae; elytra with green scales with metallic reflections ( Fig. 68 )...................................................... Granastyochus Gilmour, 1959

– Male with antennomeres III–V with projection at inner apex; ventral face with long setae; elytra without green scales ( Figs. 69–70 ).................................................................. Neopalame Martins & Monné, 1972

39(37). Prothorax with lateral tubercles very acute in apex, directed backward.......................................... 40 – Prothorax with lateral tubercles obtuse or, when acute, directed sideward......................................... 43

40(39). Body flattened, humeri not projected..................................................................... 41 – Body cylindrical; humeri projected ( Fig. 71 )........................................... Baecacanthus Monné, 1975

41(40). Prothorax and elytra without blue scales ( Fig. 72 ).................................. Lepturgotrichona Gilmour, 1957 – Prothorax and elytra with blue scales with metallic reflection.................................................. 42

42(41). Antennae and legs with short erect setae ( Figs. 73–74 )......................... Paratrichonius Monné & Monné, 2011 – Antennae and legs lacking short erect setae ( Fig. 75 )............................. Georgeana Monné & Monné, 2011

43(39). Prothorax with lateral tubercle reduced; male with apico-internal spiniform projection in antennomere VI ( Fig. 76 )............................................................................................ Palame Bates, 1864

– Prothorax with lateral tubercle developed; male without projection in antennomere VI.............................. 44

44(43). Antennae shorter than body in both sexes; scape gradually thickened toward apex; tibial spur very long ( Figs. 77–78 )....................................................................................... Tenthras Thomson, 1864

– Antennae longer than body in both sexes; scape linear; tibial spur not developed................................... 45

45(44). Antennae with moderately abundant long setae; prosternal and mesoventral processes, respectively, as wide as one procoxa and mesocoxa ( Fig. 79 )................................................................... Trichonius Bates, 1864

– Antennae with sparse long setae restricted to the distal antennomeres; prosternal and mesoventral processes, respectively, as wide as half the width of procoxae and mesocoxae ( Figs. 80–81 )........................... Piezochaerus Melzer, 1932

Figures

FIGURES 1–15. 1) Lepturges (Chaeturges) inscriptus Bates (1863), dorsal view, female, Brazil (Espírito Santo). 2–3) Vitacinis luziae Monné et al., 2019, holotype male, Colombia: 2) Dorsal view; 3) Ventral view. 4–5) Pseudocobelura prolixa (Bates, 1864), male, Brazil (Pará): 4) Dorsal view; 5) Ventral view. 6–7) Callipero formosa Monné, 1998, paratype female, Brazil (Pará): 6) Dorsal view; 7) Ventral view. 8–9) Sporetus seminalis Bates, 1864, male, Bolivia: 8) Dorsal view; 9) Ventral view. 10) Lasiolepturges zikani Melzer, 1928, dorsal view, lectotype, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). 11–13) Microplia agilis Audinet-Serville, 1835, female, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro): 11) Dorsal view; 12) Lateral view; 13) Ventral view. 14–15) Pertyia sericea (Perty, 1832), Brazil (Espírito Santo): 14) Dorsal view; 15) Lateral view.

FIGURES 82–84. 82) Lepturgantes variegatus Gilmour, 1957, holotype female, dorsal view. 83) Parabaryssinus lineaticollis (Gounelle, 1910), holotype male, dorsal view. 84) Paralcidion bilineatum Gilmour, 1957, holotype male, dorsal view.

FIGURES 16–32. 16) Pertyia sericea (Perty, 1832), Brazil (Espírito Santo), ventral view. 17) Cosmotoma adjuncta (Thomson, 1860), male, dorsal view, Brazil (Pará). 18–20) Trichalcidion penicillum Monné & Delfino, 1981, male, Colombia: 18) Dorsal view; 19) Lateral view; 20) Ventral view. 21–23) Exalcidion tetramaston (White, 1855), male, no place indicated: 21) Dorsal view; 22) Lateral view; 23) Ventral view. 24–26) Trichotithonus curvatus (Bates, 1885), holotype male of Pentheochaetes nitidus Monné & Martins, 1976, Brazil (Santa Catarina): 24) Dorsal view; 25) Ventral view; 26) Lateral view. 27–29) Lithargyrus melzeri Martins & Monné, 1974, holotype male, Brazil (Santa Catarina): 27) Dorsal view; 28) Ventral view; 29) Lateral view. 30–32) Baryssinus albifrons Monné & Martins, 1976, holotype male, Brazil (Espírito Santo): 30) Dorsal view; 31) Ventral view; 32) Lateral view.

FIGURES 33–51. 33–35) Neobaryssinus marianae (Martins & Monné, 1974), paratype female, Brazil (Pará): 33) Dorsal view; 34) Ventral view; 35) Lateral view. 36–38) Oedopeza cryptica Monné, 1990, paratype female, Brazil (Goiás): 36) Dorsal view; 37) Lateral view; 38) Ventral view. 39) Baryssiniella hieroglyphica Berkov & Monné, 2010, holotype male, dorsal view, Peru. 40–41) Chaetacosta vittithorax Gilmour, 1961, Brazil (Espírito Santo): 40) Dorsal view; 41) Lateral view. 42–44) Trichillurges maculatus Martins & Monné, 1974, holotype male, Brazil (Paraná): 42) Dorsal view; 43) Ventral view; 44) Lateral view. 45–46) Leptocometes hispidus Bates, 1881, male, México (Chiapas): 45) Dorsal view; 46) Ventral view. 47–48) Onalcidion fibrosum Monné & Martins, 1976, holotype female, Venezuela: 47) Dorsal view; 48) Lateral view. 49–50) Neoeutrypanus nitidus (White, 1855), male, Venezuela: 49) Dorsal view; 50) Ventral view. 51) Carphina occulta Monné, 1990, paratype male, dorsal view, Brazil (Espírito Santo).

FIGURES 52–67. 52) Carphina occulta Monné, 1990, paratype male, ventral view, Brazil (Espírito Santo). 53–54) Alcidion humerale (Perty, 1832), male, Brazil (São Paulo): 53) Dorsal view; 54) Ventral view. 55–56) Pseudocriopsis modesta Melzer, 1931, paralectotype, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro): 55) Dorsal view; 56) Ventral view. 57–58) Xylergates lacteus Bates, 1864, male, Bolivia: 57) Dorsal view; 58) Ventral view. 59) Proseriphus viridis (Bates, 1864), dorsal. 60–61) Brevoxathres fasciata Gilmour, 1959, female, Brazil (Santa Catarina): 60) Dorsal view; 61) Ventral view. 62–63) Oxathres navicula Bates, 1864, female, Brazil (Pará): 62) Dorsal view; 63) Ventral view. 64–65) Sciadosoma umbrosum Melzer, 1934, holotype, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro): 64) Dorsal view; 65) Ventral view. 66) Paraprobatius bucki Breuning, 1955, paratype, Brazil, dorsal view. 67) Pentheochaetes mystica Melzer, 1932, syntype male, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro), dorsal view.

FIGURES 68–81. 68) Granastyochus elengatissimus (Tippmann, 1953), female, dorsal view, Peru. 69–70) Neopalame digna (Melzer, 1935), holotype male, Brazil (Minas Gerais): 69) Dorsal view; 70) Ventral view. 71) Baecacanthus telamon Monné, 1975, female, dorsal view, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). 72) Lepturgotrichona bordoni Monné & Martins, 1976, holotype female, dorsal view, Venezuela. 73–74) Paratrichonius caesius Monné & Monné, 2011, paratype female, Brazil (Mato Grosso): 73) Dorsal view; 74) Ventral view. 75) Georgeana azurea Monné & Monné, 2011, holotype male, dorsal view, Brazil (Espírito Santo). 76) Palame crassimana Bates, 1864, male, dorsal view, Guyana. 77–78) Tenthras obliteratus Thomson, 1864, female, Brazil (Goiás): 77) Dorsal view; 78) Ventral view. 79) Trichonius quadrivittatus Bates, 1864, holotype, dorsal view, Brazil (Pará). 80–81) Piezochaerus bondari Melzer, 1932, holotype male, Brazil (Bahia): 80) Dorsal view; 81) Lateral view.