Cheirodontinae Eigenmann 1915

Melo, Bruno F, Ota, Rafaela P, Benine, Ricardo C, Carvalho, Fernando R, Lima, Flavio C T, Mattox, George M T, Souza, Camila S, Faria, Tiago C, Reia, Lais, Roxo, Fabio F, Valdez-Moreno, Martha, Near, Thomas J & Oliveira, Claudio, 2024, Phylogenomics of Characidae, a hyper-diverse Neotropical freshwater fish lineage, with a phylogenetic classification including four families (Teleostei: Characiformes), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 202 (1), pp. 1-37 : 12-15

Cheirodontinae Eigenmann 1915 , new usage

Type genus: Cheirodon Girard, 1855 .

Included genera: Acinocheirodon Malabarba and Weitzman, 1999, Aphyocheirodon Eigenmann, 1915, Cheirodon, Cheirodontops,

Heterocheirodon Malabarba, 1998 , Kolpotocheirodon Malabarba and Weitzman, 2000 , Macropsobrycon Eigenmann, 1915 (in part), Nanocheirodon Malabarba, 1998 , Odontostilbe Cope, 1870 , Prodontocharax , Protocheirodon Vari et al., 2016 , Pseudocheirodon Meek and Hildebrand, 1916 , Saccoderma Schultz, 1944 , and Serrapinnus Malabarba, 1998 . Not sampled: Compsura Eigenmann, 1915 and Ctenocheirodon Malabarba and Jerep, 2012 .

Definition: The least inclusive crown clade that contains Cheirodon pisciculus Girard 1855 and Protocheirodon pi (Vari 1978). This is a minimum-crown-clade definition. See Figure 4 for a reference phylogeny of Cheirodontinae .

Etymology: From the ancient Greek ΧειΡόϛ (kˈa͡ɪɹo͡ʊz) meaning hand and ὀδών (ˈo͡ʊdɑːn) meaning tooth.

Remarks: Cheirodontinae are consistently supported as a monophyletic group in molecular ( Ortí and Meyer 1997, Calcagnotto et al. 2005, Mirande 2009, 2010, Javonillo et al. 2010, Mariguela et al. 2013) and morphological studies (Malabarba 1998, Mirande 2019). A proposal to include the miniature Amazonspinther dalmata in Cheirodontinae (Bührnheim et al. 2008) is countered by molecular phylogenetic studies that resolved Amazonspinther and Spintherobolus as the sister-lineage to a clade that contains all other species of Characidae , Stevardiidae , and Acestrorhamphidae ( Oliveira et al. 2011, Mariguela et al. 2013). Molecular phylogenetic analysis led to the description of Protocheirodon ( Vari et al. 2016) , which is consistently resolved as the sister-lineage of all other species of Cheirodontinae ( Fig. 4; Vari et al. 2016, Melo et al. 2022a). The phylogeny inferred from the UCE loci includes 14 of the 16 extant genera of Cheirodontinae ( Fig. 4). The inclusion of Compsura and Ctenocheirodon in Cheirodontinae is based on previous morphological and molecular studies (Malabarba 1998, Malabarba and Jerep 2012, Mariguela et al. 2013).