Olonia Stål, 1862

Constant, Jérôme, 2024, Revision of the Eurybrachidae XVIII. The Australian genus Olonia Stål, 1862: Four new species, new records and biological data (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha), European Journal of Taxonomy 941 (1), pp. 1-51 : 3-7

Genus Olonia Stål, 1862

Olonia Stål, 1862: 488 (description (in key); list of included species).

Type species: Eurybrachys rubicunda Walker, 1851 by subsequent designation by Distant (1906: 206).

Lyncilia Stål, 1863: 248 (description) synonymized by Constant (2018).

Type species: Lyncilia nobilis Stål, 1863 by monotypy.

Olonia – Stål 1863:250 (description of a new species).— Atkinson1886:13 (incomplete English translation of Stål’s (1862) key to Eurybrachidae genera). — Karsch 1890: 60 (compared with Metoponitys Karsch, 1890 ); 1895: 215 (compared with Aspidonitys Karsch, 1895 ). — Melichar 1903: 67 (placed in a group of Eurybrachidae genera without spine under eye). — Distant 1906: 206 (type-species designation, new species), 207 (compared to Yarrana Distant, 1906 ). — Kirkaldy 1907: 105 (listed without comment). — Schmidt 1908: 243 (placed in the Platybrachini (= current Platybrachinae )). — Hacker 1924: 40 (compared with Platybrachys Stål, 1859 and notes on O. viridiventris Stål, 1863 (now in Hackerobrachys Constant, 2006 )). — Metcalf 1936: 131 (senior homonym of Olonia Muir, 1925 ); 1938: 294 (senior homonym of Olonia Muir, 1925 ); 1947: 163 (listed as typical genus of the Australian fauna); 1956: 63 (catalogued). — Fennah 1964: 159 (in key to Platybrachini genera), 162 (compared with Maon Fennah, 1964 ). — Constant 2005a: 41 (mentioned in historical review of Metoponitys Karsch, 1890 ); 2006a: 47 (mentioned as needing revision); 2006b: 31 (compared with Hackerobrachys Constant, 2006 and Fletcherobrachys Constant, 2006 ); 2018: 4 (revision of the genus). — Constant & Semeraro 2020: 5 (diagnosis, key to species).

Lyncilia – Karsch 1895: 215 (compared with Aspidonitys Karsch, 1895 ). — Schmidt 1908: 243 (placed in the Platybrachini (= current Platybrachinae )). — Metcalf 1956: 68 (catalogued). — Fennah 1964 (synonymized under Platybrachys Stål, 1859 (erroneous!). — Constant 2018: 4 (synonymized under Olonia ).

non Olonia – Muir 1925: 161 (new genus of Cixiidae (junior homonym of Olonia Stål, 1862 )). — Metcalf 1936: 131 ( Muirolonia as replacement name of Olonia Muir, 1925 in the Cixiidae ); 1938: 294 ( Muirolonia as replacement name of Olonia Muir, 1925 ( Muirolonia erroneously stated as being a new genus)).

Diagnosis

Rather small-sized (5–12 mm), dark brown variegated with black and white, tegmina usually with a white marking along costal margin on nodal line and posterior wings usually with a white marking near externoapical angle, sometimes orange on disc. The genus can be recognized by the following set of characters:

(1) gonostyli strongly sclerified and fused basally on about ¼–⅓ of length;

(2) gonostyli divided into a centroventral and a laterodorsal part;

(3) gonostyli with laterodorsal part with large lateral process projecting laterally and bearing dorsoapical, articulate, spoon-shaped process;

(4) aedeagus strongly reduced with dorsal portion of phallobase projecting dorsally as a spine or hook.

The most similar genus is Stalobrachys Constant, 2018 from which Olonia can be separated by the narrower posterior wings with LW/BW = 1.7–2.2 (1.5 in Stalobrachys ), the pygofer with posterior margin strongly sinuate (posterior margin with elongate laterodorsal process projecting posteriorly in Stalobrachys ), the gonostyli fused on about ⅓ of length (not or very shortly fused in Stalobrachys ) and the laterodorsal part of the gonostyli with strong spine or hook, and with lateral process bearing spoon-shaped process (laterodorsal part of the gonostyli elongate and laminate, without spine or hook, and bearing spoon-shaped process apically in Stalobrachys ).

Biology

According to the available data, species of Olonia seem present all year round, and are polyphagous, living on plants close to the ground and tree trunks. They were recorded from plants in the families Burseraceae Kunth , Convolvulaceae Juss. , Fabaceae , Myrtaceae Juss. , Proteaceae Juss. , Solanaceae Juss. , Urticaceae Juss. and Vitaceae Juss. Known habitats range from open forests to beaches. Several species seem to have a rather restricted distribution. Species of Olonia are present in all bioregions included in the distribution range of the genus.

Species included (16)

Olonia albomarginata sp. nov.

Olonia aschei sp. nov.

Olonia bourgoini Constant, 2018

Olonia danielsi Constant, 2018

Olonia guillaumei Constant, 2018

Olonia hochae Constant, 2018

Olonia jackiei sp. nov.

Olonia lindae sp. nov.

Olonia marginata Distant, 1906

Olonia maura (Fabricius, 1775)

Olonia monteithi Constant, 2018

Olonia nobilis ( Stål, 1863)

Olonia picea Kirkaldy, 1906

Olonia rubicunda ( Walker, 1851)

Olonia rylandae Constant, 2018

Olonia soulierae Constant, 2018

Identification key to the species of Olonia

Illustrations marked with * are found in Constant (2018); ** in Constant & Semeraro (2020).

1. Process of the laterodorsal part of gonostyli bifid (*figs 30d, 33d), sometimes with one point much shorter than the other ( Fig. 2G ) ........................................................................................................ 2

– Process of the laterodorsal part of gonostyli not bifid (*figs 5d, 10d, 19d) ...................................... 6

2. Process of the centroventral part of gonostyli with several teeth apically (*fig. 30c) ........................ ................................................................................................................. O. maura (Fabricius, 1775)

– Process of the centroventral part of gonostyli without multiple teeth apically (*figs 33c, 42c) ...... 3

3. Processes of the laterodorsal part of gonostyli obviously unequal in size, one being reduced to a spine ( Fig. 2A, C, G ) ................................................................................ O. albomarginata sp. nov.

– Processes of the laterodorsal part of gonostyli about equal in size (*figs 33a, 42a; **fig. 3b) ........ 4

4. Processes of the laterodorsal part of gonostyli both curved and convergent apically, subequal in length and surpassing process of centroventral part in ventral view (*fig. 42a, c–d); lateral process of gonostyli directed anteriorly (*fig. 42c) ................................................ O. picea ( Kirkaldy, 1906)

– Processes of the laterodorsal part of gonostyli slightly diverging or subparallel apically with ventral/ central one straight, and not surpassing level of apex of process of centroventral part in ventral view (*fig. 33a, c–d; **fig. 3a–c, f); lateral process of gonostyli directed anterolaterally in ventral view (*fig. 33c; **fig. 3b) ......................................................................................................................... 5

5. Processes of the laterodorsal part of gonostyli in a nearly vertical plane, and projecting dorsally well above the centroventral part in lateral view (*fig. 33a, c–d); anal tube more elongate, 2.3 times as long as wide in dorsal view (*fig. 33b); phallus short and wide (*fig. 33f); dorsal processes of periandrium strongly hooked dorsally (*fig. 33e) ................................. O. monteithi Constant, 2018

– Processes of the laterodorsal part of gonostyli in a nearly horizontal plane, and projecting posteroventrally under the centroventral part in lateral view (**fig. 3a–d); anal tube less elongate, 1.9 times as long as wide in dorsal view (**fig. 3e); phallus elongate (**fig. 3i–j); dorsal processes of periandrium projecting posterodorsally (**fig. 3g) ............................ O. rubicunda Walker, 1851

6. Processes of the laterodorsal part of gonostyli surpassing processes of centroventral part in ventral view (*figs 19c, 46c) ......................................................................................................................... 7

– Processes of the laterodorsal part of gonostyli shorter than processes of centroventral part in ventral view (*figs 5c, 10c, 37c) ................................................................................................................... 8

7. Processes of the laterodorsal part of gonostyli strongly sinuate with central portion straight (*fig. 46a, c) ............................................................................................................. O. rylandae Constant, 2018

– Processes of the laterodorsal part of gonostyli strongly and regularly curved ventrally (*fig. 19a, c) ................................................................................................................. O. marginata Distant, 1906

8. Anal tube elongate and narrow, more than 3 times as long as broad, and with sides subparallel (*figs 5b, 10b) .......................................................................................................................................9

– Anal tube broader, less than 2.5 times as long as broad, and with sides curved ( Fig. 8B , *fig. 37b) .... ............................................................................................................................................................11

9. Processes of the laterodorsal part of gonostyli falcate, broader at midlength and incurved (*fig. 5a, c–d) ....................................................................................................... O. bourgoini Constant, 2018

– Processes of the laterodorsal part of gonostyli regularly narrowing from base to apex and not incurved (*fig. 10a, c–d) ................................................................................................................. 10

10. Processes of the laterodorsal part of gonostyli curved laterally (*fig. 10c–d); process of centroventral part of gonostyli with ventral margin convex in lateral view (*fig. 10a) ........................................... .............................................................................................................. O. guillaumei Constant, 2018

– Processes of the laterodorsal part of gonostyli curved ventrally (*fig. 13c–d); process of centroventral part of gonostyli with ventral margin slightly concave in lateral view (*fig. 13a) ............................. ................................................................................................................... O. hochae Constant, 2018

10. Anal tube with apical margin notched and lateral margins subparallel beyond epiproct (*fig. 48b); process of centroventral part of gonostyli very elongate and narrow, more than 10 times as long as wide at mid-length in ventral view (*fig. 48a, c) ................................... O. soulierae Constant, 2018

– Anal tube with apical margin not notched and lateral margins not subparallel beyond epiproct (*figs 8b, 37b); process of centroventral part of gonostyli not very elongate and narrow, less than 10 times as long as wide at mid-length in ventral view (*figs 8a, c, 37a, c) ...................................11

11. Processes of the centroventral part of gonostyli obviously incurved or sinuate in ventral view ( Fig. 8B ; *fig. 37c) .......................................................................................................................... 12

– Processes of the centroventral part of gonostyli straight and parallel on most of their length in ventral view ( Figs 15B , 19B ; *fig. 8c) ........................................................................................................ 13

12. Processes of the centroventral part of gonostyli sinuate, with distal portion straight, and largely surpassing processes of lateroventral part in ventral view ( Fig. 8B ); process of the laterodorsal part of the gonostyli strongly curved laterad in ventral view ( Fig. 8B ) ......................... O. aschei sp. nov.

– Processes of the centroventral part of gonostyli regularly incurved and slightly surpassing processes of lateroventral part in ventral view (*fig. 37c); process of the laterodorsal part of the gonostyli straight in ventral view (*fig. 37c) ................................................................... O. nobilis ( Stål, 1863)

13. Processes of the lateroventral part of gonostyli regularly curved posteroventrad in lateral view and with distal portion curved posterolaterally in ventral view ( Fig. 19A–B ; *fig. 48a, c) .................. 14

– Processes of the lateroventral part of gonostyli not regularly curved posteroventrad in lateral view, either sinuate ( Fig. 15A ) or directed posterodorsad (*fig. 8a) and directed caudad in ventral view ( Fig. 15B ; *fig. 8c) .......................................................................................................................... 15

14. Processes of the centroventral part of gonostyli ending in a point slightly curved laterally ( Fig. 19B ); ventral portion of phallobase strongly widening towards apex, largely surpassing laterally the processes of the dorsal portion of the phallobase in dorsal view ( Fig. 19I ) ........... O. lindae sp. nov.

– Processes of the centroventral part of gonostyli ending in a hook curved dorsally (*fig. 48a); ventral portion of phallobase elongate and tapering towards apex, not surpassing laterally the processes of the dorsal portion of the phallobase in dorsal view (*fig. 48f) .............. O. soulierae Constant, 2018

15. Processes of the laterodorsal part of the gonostyli curved posteroventrad, then sinuate in distal portion ( Fig. 15A ); centroventral part of gonostyli ending in a short point curved lateroventrad ( Fig. 15A– C ); ventral portion of phallobase widening towards apex, surpassing laterally the processes of the dorsal portion of the phallobase in dorsal view ( Fig. 15I ) ..................................... O. jackiei sp. nov.

– Processes of the laterodorsal part of the gonostyli directed posterodorsad (*fig. 8a); centroventral part of gonostyli ending in a strong hook directed dorsad (*fig. 8a); ventral portion of phallobase elongate, not widening towards apex, not surpassing laterally the processes of the dorsal portion of the phallobase in dorsal view (*fig. 8f) ................................................... O. danielsi Constant, 2018

Figures

Fig. 2. Olonia albomarginata sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (QM), terminalia. A–G. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli. A. Left lateral view. B. Ventral view. C. Dorsolateral view. D. Caudal view. E. Laterodorsal view. F. Dorsal view. G. Lateroventral view. H–K. Aedeagus and connective. H. Lateral view. I. Laterodorsal view. J. Dorsal view. K. Ventral view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Fig. 8. Olonia ashei sp. nov.,holotype, ♂ (QM), terminalia.A–F. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli.A. Left lateral view. B. Ventral view. C. Dorsolateral view. D. Caudal view. E. Dorsal view. F. Laterodorsal view. G–K. Aedeagus and connective. G. Laterodorsal view. H. Lateral view. I. Dorsal view. J. Ventral view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Fig. 15. Olonia jackiei sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (RBINS), terminalia. A–F. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli. A. Left lateral view. B. Ventral view. C. Dorsolateral view. D. Caudal view. E. Dorsal view. F. Laterodorsal view. G–J. Aedeagus and connective. G. Laterodorsal view. H. Lateral view. I. Dorsal view. J. Ventral view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Fig. 19. Olonia lindae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (QM), terminalia. A–F. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli. A. Left lateral view.B. Ventralview.C. Dorsolateral view.D. Caudal view.E. Dorsal view.F. Laterodorsal view. G–J. Aedeagus and connective. G. Laterodorsal view. H. Lateral view. I. Dorsal view. J. Ventral view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.