Pupopsis pupopsis (Gredler, 1898)

Wu, Min & Gao, Linhui, 2010, A review of the genus Pupopsis Gredler, 1898 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Enidae), with the descriptions of eight new species from China, Zootaxa 2725, pp. 1-27 : 6-11

4. Pupopsis pupopsis (Gredler, 1898)

Figs. 1 , 3 A, 4A–4E, 5A, 6; Tables 2 , 3

Buliminus pupopsis Gredler, 1898a: 44 , fig. 2.

Buliminus gansuicus “Schalfejef in sched.” Gredler, 1898a: 44 [in the synonymy of B. pupopsis , see remarks]. Buliminus pupopsis— Gredler, 1898b: 104.

Buliminus (Pupopsis) gansuicus— Möllendorff, 1901: 374, pl.17, figs. 16–18. Buliminus (Pupopsis) pupopsis —Kobelt, 1902: 873, pl. 124, figs. 16–18. Pupopsis gansuicus— Yen, 1939: 90, pl. 8, fig. 40; Yen, 1942: 255.

Type material. Not seen; presumably in the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg ( Gredler 1898a: 41). No types were found in Gredler’s Collection in the Franziskaner-Gymnasium, Bozen, by Zilch (1974: 209).

Type locality. In the valley of the river Pej-schui (=Baishuijiang) near the village Quan-tin (= Guanting) and the town Tan-tschan (= Dangchang), S. Gansu.

Material examined. HBUMM-04298: 2 fms, 5 fma; Erlangshan Hill, 1350 m a.s.l., Zhouqu County, 33°48ʹN, 104°18ʹE, Gansu, 2004–IV–28, leg. M. Wu. HBUMM-05591: 1 fms; 829 m a.s.l., 32°51ʹ44.7ʹ N, 104°50ʹ48.2ʹ E, Hendan Village, hill on bank of Baishuijiang River and national highway no. 212 opposite village, S. Gansu, China, 2006–IX–29, leg. M. Wu, J. Liu, W. Zheng & L. Gao. NHM-1901.10.3.81–82 Reg.: 2 fms; Guanting, 33°48ʹN, 104°30ʹE. SMF-42076: 3 fms; Kuan-ting (= Guanting), S. Kansu, China; Potanin 184, 604, Mlldff colln. SMF-42081: 1 fms; Dshie-dshou, China; Potanin 187, Mlldff colln. SMF-42080: 3 fms; Tshiu-dsei-dsy near Hsiku-tsheng (today’s Zhouqu), China; Potanin 205, 219, Mlldff colln. SMF-42079: 1 fms; between Li-dshia-pu and Hsi-ku-tsheng, China; Potanin 736, Mlldff colln. SMF-42077: 4 fms; Tan-tshang (= Dangchang, 34°0ʹN, 104°18ʹE), China; Potanin 464, Mlldff colln. SMF-42078: 2 fms; between Li-dshia-pu and Kuan-ting, China; Potanin 198. Mlldff colln.

Distribution. S. Gansu (Guanting, Dangchang, between Li-dshia-pu and Guanting, between Li-dshia-pu and Hsi-ku-tsheng, Tshiu-dsei-dsy bei Hsi-ku-tsheng, Dshie-dshou).

Diagnosis. Shell with 8.000–9.000 whorls. Height 13.0–15.4, diam. maj. 5.6–6.2. Parietal tooth present. Columellar tooth prominent and expanded inwards. Palatal wall with a ridge-like tooth. Epiphallus forming a few loops. Flagellum distinct. Penial caecum present or not. Penis distally with two V-shaped pilasters. A-2 near A-3 internally with a ring of papillae. A-3 opening into A-2 through a long, needle–like papilla. Bursa copulatrix duct proximally twisted. Diverticle absent.

Re-description of shell. Cylindrical-conic; apex slightly acuminate; dextral; thin-shelled; solid; opaque; somewhat glossy; with 8.000–8.556–9.000 whorls. Whorls spirally grooved (at umbilical region in SMF-42077, 42078, 42080, 42081, in SMF-42076 grooves very weak) or not (in SMF-42081, SMF-42079); flattened. Embryonic shell smooth; not polished; with 1.625–1.792–1.875 whorls. Postnuclear whorls wrinkled. Last whorl almost straight in front; rounded at periphery. Shell 13.0–14.0–15.4 high; 5.6–5.9– 6.2 in diam. maj. Height/diam. maj. ratio 2.15–2.4–2.6. Aperture subcircular; oblique; its insertions separated; 4.7–5.0–5.4 high, 3.8–4.0–4.3 wide. Ratio of shell height to aperture height 2.69–2.86–3.03. Peristome expanded, thickened. Parietal callus indistinct. Angular tubercle and parietal tooth present. Palatal tooth present, ridge-like, spirally extending inward for approximately one whorl. Palatal margin rounded. Columellar margin reflexed; with one prominent median tooth which expands inward. Umbilicus narrowly open. Shell yellowish brown; aperture white.

Genitalia. Vas deferens long; of even thickness; entering epiphallus apically at some angle. Epiphallus moderately long; narrowed towards distal end; forming a few loops. Epiphallic caecum apically blunt. Flagellum short; tubular; proximally not expanded; with blunt tip. Penis with terminal entrance of epiphallus; evenly thick; thin-walled; pilasters fused at epiphallic pore forming velum; in addition with two V-shaped pilasters. V-shaped pilaster with proximal free end approaching at penial retractor insertion. Papilla developed by fused distal pilasters forming V-shaped structure absent. Penial caecum present or absent; if present, sac-like; situated at boundary between epiphallus and penis. Penial verge absent. Penial appendix moderately long; branched off from penis at some distance from atrium; divided into sections A-1+A-2, A-3 and A-4+A-5. A-1 long; without verge toward penial chamber. A-1 and A-2 fused; internally with longitudinal pilasters. A-2 near A-3 internally with a ring of papillae. A-2 and A-3 not fused. A-3 opening into A-2 by needle-like, long papilla. Boundary between A-4 and A- 5 indistinct. A-5 short, convoluted. Atrium without atrial retractor. Free oviduct moderately long; longer than vagina. Bursa copulatrix duct long; twisted. Bursa copulatrix well defined; voluminous. Diverticle absent.

Measurement of genitalia. P: 2.9; Ep: 10.2; Fl: 0.8; VD: 12.3; Va: 1.9; FO: 2.8; BCD: 17.4; BC: 9.2; A-1+A-2: 3.3; A-3: 0.6; A-4+A-5: 14.0 (HBUMM-04298–specimen 1).

Remarks. The absence of a diverticle in this species is unusual. It is closest to P. subpupopsis sp. nov. in shell features although slightly higher and with more whorls.

Gredler (1898a: 44) mentions Schalfejef’s label name, Buliminus gansuicus , in the synonymy of his new species, Buliminus pupopsis . Möllendorff (1901: 77) assumes that Gredler, by mentioning Schalfejev’s name, made it available as a senior synonym of B. pupopsis Gredler and consequently calls the species “ Buliminus (Pupopsis) gansuicus (Schalf) Gredl. ” According to ICZN Art. 11.6, “a name which when first published in an available work was treated as a junior synonym of a name then used as valid is not thereby made available.” However, by adopting B. gansuicus as the name of a taxon, Möllendorff made it available as Buliminus gansuicus Gredler, 1898 (ICZN Art. 11.6.1; 50.7).

P. pupopsis P. retrodens P. hendan P.subpupopsis P. yengiawat P. yuxu

Epiphallus twisted + - + + - + Flagellum + + + + - + BCD twisted + - + + - + Penial caecum +/- - + + - + V-shaped pilaster(s) 2 1 1 2 1 0 Diverticle - + + + + +

Figures

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of the genus Pupopsis. Red dot, Pupopsis dissociabilis (Sturany, 1900); blue dot, P. retrodens (Martens, 1879); blue square, P. maoxian sp. nov.; red square, P. rhodostoma sp. nov.; green dot, P. subpupopsis sp. nov.; green square, P. yengiawat sp. nov. Two grey dots each with two or five species as indicated in the boxes on the map. The species P. paraplesius (Sturany, 1900), P. polystreptus (Sturany, 1900) and P. zilchi sp. nov. are not mapped due to no precise locality information available.

FIGURE 3. Apertural view of Pupopsis species. A, Pupopsis pupopsis (Gredler, 1898), SMF- 42076; B, Pupopsis retrodens (Martens, 1879), HBUMM- 06460 – specimen 1; C-D, Pupopsis torquilla (Möllendorff, 1901). C, lectotype, SMF- 42082; D, HBUMM- 05584 – specimen 1; E, Pupopsis hendan sp. nov., holotype, HBUMM- 05592 – specimen 2; F, Pupopsis maoxian sp. nov., holotype, HBUMM- 01023 – specimen 1; G, Pupopsis rhodostoma sp. nov., holotype, HBUMM- 05872 – specimen 2; H, Pupopsis subpupopsis sp. nov., holotype, HBUMM- 05676 – specimen 1; I, Pupopsis subtorquilla sp. nov. A, holotype, HBUMM- 05429 – specimen 2; J, Pupopsis yengiawat sp. nov., holotype, HBUMM- 04439 – specimen 1; K, Pupopsis yuxu sp. nov., Holotype, HBUMM- 06089 – specimen 3; L, Pupopsis zilchi sp. nov., holotype, SMF- 334777.