Pseudotiphia villosa (FABRICIUS 1793) Boni & O, 2010

Boni, M. & O, Tiphia, 2010, A review of the genus Pseudotiphia ASHMEAD 1903 (Hymenoptera, Tiphiidae), Linzer biologische Beiträge 42 (2), pp. 1183-1236 : 1200-1205

Pseudotiphia villosa (FABRICIUS 1793) comb.nov.

Tiphia villosa FABRICIUS 1793: 227 – Holotypus: Hungary = / villosa / (autographic) /17/ / Holotype Tiphia villosa F. 1793 C. v. Achterberg 1982 / / Tiphia villosa F. Gorbatovsky det 1987 /, ZMUC!

Tiphia major MOCSARY 1883:20 – Lectotypus here designated in order to ensure the name’ proper and consistent use: Spain = / Gibraltar / / major Mocs typ det Mocsàry/ / Lectotypus Tiphia mayor Mocs. det. C. Nagy 1969 / (red bordered) / Lectotypus Tiphia major Mocsàry design Gorbatovsky 1987/ / Tiphia villosa F. det. V. Gorbatovsky 1987/, MTMB. syn.nov.

Tiphia Olcesei TOURNIER 1889: 6-7 – Lectotypus here designated in order to ensure the name’ proper and consistent use: Maroc = / Tanger Olcese / / Tiphia olcesei T./ (autographic) / morio olcesei Tourn. Det Dott. D. Guiglia/ / Lectotypus Tiphia olcesei Tourn. design. Gorbatovsky 1987 / (red) / Tiphia villosa F. Gorbatovsky det/, MHNG. Paralectotypus: Maroc = (1) / Tanger Olcese / / Paralectotypus Tiphia olcesei Tourn. design. Gorbatovsky 1987 / (red) / Tiphia villosa F. Gorbatovsky det/, MHNG. Paralectotypes: Maroc = (1) / Tanger Olcese / / Tiphia olcesei T./ (autographic) / /Musèe de Genève/ / morio olcesei Tourn. Det Dott. D. Guiglia/ / Paralectotypus Tiphia olcesei Tourn. design. Gorbatovsky 1987 / (red) / Tiphia villosa F. Gorbatovsky det/, MHNG; (1) / Tanger Olcese / /C. ne Tournier/, / Paralectotypus Tiphia olcesei Tourn. design. Gorbatovsky 1987 / (red) / Tiphia villosa F. Gorbatovsky det/, MHNG. syn.nov.

Tiphia morio: TOURNIER (1889: 8-9 ,)

Tiphia rudepunctata TOURNIER 1901: 253-254 - Lectotypus here designated in order to ensure the name’ proper and consistent use: Maroc = / Tanger Vaucher / / Tiphia rudepunctata T. / (autographic) /C n Tournier/ /Musée de Genève/ / morio olcesi Tour det. Dott. D. Guiglia/, MHNG. Paralectotypus: Maroc = / /, MHNG. Paralectotypus: Maroc = / Tanger Vaucher / / Tiphia rudepunctata T. / (autographic) /C n Tournier/ /Musée de Genève/ / morio olcesi Tour det. Dott. D. Guiglia/, MHNG. syn.nov.

Tiphia morio: DUSMET (1930: 51-54 ,)

Tiphia morio olcesei: GUIGLIA (1956: 95,)

Ludita morio: NAGY (1967: 198-199 -202,)

Ludita villosa: ARBOUW (1984: 9-13)

M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Bulgaria = (1) / Bulgaria Charmandil env 16.05.1978 leg Kocourek/, OLML; (1) / Bulgaria Charmandil env 18.05.1978 leg Kocourek/, OLML; (7) / Bulgaria Charmandil env 20.05.1978 leg Kocourek/, OLML; Italia = (2) / Savona VI.1937 O. Bona /, CB; (1) /Cassano Spinola Piemonte 22.VI.1943 GB Moro/, CB; (1) /Cassano Spinola Merlassolo IV.1945 / / Tiphia morio det W. Borsato 1985/, CB; (1) /Cassano Spinola Piemonte VII-1940 GB Moro/, CB; (1) / M. Buro…..? Roviasco 8-VII- ‘63 /, MZUF; (1) /leg Pagliano Vasia 10.VI.1984 Liguria /, CP; (1) / Montello 24.III.31 / / Lombardia Italia / / Tiphia morio F A. Giordani Soika / /Det Pagliano Tiphia fulvipennis Sm /, CB; (1) / Lombardia Calolzio Luglio 1932 D. Prestifilippo/ /Det Pagliano Tiphia fulvipennis Sm /, CP; (3) /Treviso Pelajo Burlini V.46 /, CB; (1) /Verona Sanpangrazio V 37 C. Recchia/, CB; (1) / Berici Alonte 25.IV.1975 Osella /, CB; Greece = (2) /Neo Moditos (Neo Apolonia) su Euphorbia 16.V.61 AG Soika/, CB; (1) /Gr Attika, 17-18,5.90 Parmis Geb. 800- 1100m 38°10’N 23°40’E leg H. Rausch/, OLML; (1) /GR – Peleponnes 3km wl Alt Korinth 27.4.87 leg. Tiefenthaler/, OLML; (1) /GR-Attika Parnis-Geb.38à10N 23°\; Morocco = (5) / Tanger M.escalera/ /n°34408-411 & 34494/, MNCN; (2) /Bab Ruadi Beni Siyyel Vi.1932 C. Bolivar/ /n° 34405-6/, MNCN; Spain = (3) / Madrid J. Schramm/ /Museum Paris Coll. J. de Gaulle 1919/, MHNP (1) / Spanien, Malaga iii-iv 1959 A.M. Hemmingsen/, MZUF; (1) / San Maures Madrid 10.VI.1986 / /n°34344/, MNCN; *(1) / COTO IBARRA (Huelva) 14: V.51 Zarco / /n°34461/, MNCN; *(1) / Punta Umbria (Huelva) 10.IV.1990 / /n°34396/, MNCN; *(2) / Spain mer Lebrjia 12.V.91 /, OLML; *(14) / Espana m. Lebrija 12.V.1991 leg. leg Smiczek /, OLML; Turkey = (1) /TR-Erzurum Askale 1900 m 15.VII.1996 leg. E. Yildirim/, MZUF; (1) / Turchia – vil. Antalya tra Korkuteli e Kemer dint Souguk presso Seki m1400 ca. 30.IV.1982 c. Monicastri /, MRSN; (1) / Asia Minor Eskisehir 28.V.1964 leg. J. Gusenleitner/, OLML; (1) / Asia Minor Kirikkale 29.V.1964 leg. J. Gusenleitner/, OLML; (1) / Asia Minor Tapakli 30.V.1964 leg. J. Gusenleitner/, OLML; (1) / Turkei Sille Konya 17.VI.1968 leg. J. Gusenleitner/, OLML; (2) / Turkei Gurun 4.6.1970 leg. J. Gusenleitner/, OLML; (1) / Turkei prov. Burdur N. Bucek 37°29N 30°26E 800 24.5.1985 leg H. u R. Rausch/, OLML; (1) / Turkei prov Bitlis 10km SW Bitlis 38°19N 42°03E 1200-1400m leg Aspock u. Rausch/, OLML; (1) / Turkei prov Mus, E Boglan Gec. 38°55N 41°09E 1450-1500m leg Aspock u. Rausch/, OLML; (1) / Turkey 545m 20km SSW Samsun 41°07’N 36°09’E kadelc leg VI.2006 / / Icronatha caucasica (Mocsary 1883) E. Yildirim det 2009/, OLML; (1) / Turkey Muradiye env 2000m 120 km ne Van 5.6.2001 lgt K.Deneš sen./ / Ludita villosa (Fabricius 1793) E. Yildirim det 2009/, OLML;

: Italy = (1) / Dint Genova V 1940 Franciscolo /, CP; (1) / PratoCasarile IV 1940 Franciscolo /, CP; (1) / Treviso Pelajo Burlini V.46 /, CB; (1) / Cassano Spinola Piemonte V-1945 GB Moro / / Tiphia morio det W. Borsato 1985/, CB; (1) / leg Pagliano S. benedetto Belbo 20. V.1989 Langhe Piemonte /, CP ; Morocco = (1) / Tanger / / Museum Paris Coll. J. Pérez 1915/ (blue), MHNP ; Spain = (1) / La Granja Espagne/, MHNP; (2) / Espagne L’Escorial Juin 1894 M. Maindron /, MHNP; (1) / Reinosa Jun 1902 G. Schramm /, MHNP; (1) / Cartagena 12.03.09(?)/, MHNP; (1) / Ferrol / / Museum Paris Coll. J. Pérez 1915/, MHNP; (9) / Spain Sra Nevada Puerto d.l. Ragua 2000m 4.7.1975 leg. W. Schacht /, OLML; (5) /E. Algeciras Punta Palomas 5.V.1987 Scaramozzino/, MRSN; (1) / lg. Scaramozzino Algeciras Sierra de Luna 4. V.1987 /, MRSN; *(3) / Spain Pr. Huelva Las Marismas El Rosio 3m 21.4.1979 leg. W. Schacht /, MRSN; *(10) / Coto Doñana (Huelva) - 9. V.84 E. Mingo / /n° 34382- 391/, MNCN; *(3) / Coto Doñana (Huelva) - 7. V.84 E. Mingo / /n° 34380-2, 34392/, MNCN; *(3) / El Pinar Doñana Huelva 7. V.84- Izquiendo leg / /n°34355-7/, MNCN; *(4) / Punta Umbria ( Huelva ) 10.IV.1990 - Izquiendo leg / /n°34358, 34397-99/, MNCN; *(3) / Punta Umbria Huelva 25.IV.1990 - Izquiendo leg / /n°34350-2/, MNCN ; (29 / Doñana (Huelva) Camino del Martinazo 3. V.69 / /n°34394-5/, MNCN; *(2) / Punta Umbria ( Huelva 9 10.IV.1990 - I. Izquiendo leg / /n°34353-4/, MNCN.

Female. Holotype: figs 9-15. Figs 16-19 from Lectotype of T. Olcesei. Fig. 4 from specimen labelled /.Vasia 10.VI.1984 Liguria /. Holotype lacks flagella but basal two flagellomeri, fore and hind right tarsomeri, apical left hind tarsomerus, the right eye and surrounding integument have been gnawed (eaten up) by Dermestes. Size: a bit more than 14 mm.

Black, brown and semitransparent light brown, ferruginous. Wings darkened.

Ferruginous: most of flagellum, with darker upperside. Brown: mandible, radicle and basal flagellomerus, tegulae, coastal vein, pterostigma; shadings at the base of radicle, LaSt 2, apex of femurs and tibiae, tarsi. Palpi, veins and apical half of 6 th tergum are lighter brown. Apical border of N 1 disk, apical borders of all terga and 2 nd to 5 th sterna are semitransparent brown. Legs are dark brown with lighter tarsi.

Ratio between length and apical thickness (L/LA a) of 1 st and 2 nd flagellomeri always about 1. PoG lenght is just a bit shorter than length of 1 st flagellomerus; its sututure espressed and prominent. Ratio between length of apical three and length of basal three Pam more about 1.35. Apical Pam -merus as long as 4 th one. N 1 disk without anterior ridge; ratio LAa / Am about 3.9. Omaulus completely absent. Tegulae as long as height of Sc 2 in dorsal aspect. Areola tightening backward with a ratio A / LA about 2. Ridges delimiting areola ill defined, narrow and low; the median ridge larger and worn out at ¾ of the length of areola, not getting the posterior ridge; prominent and lamella like ridges along posterior border and along the angles between lateral and posterior surfaces, which shows a strong median vertical ridge. Lateral P with a total of about 35/40 both complete and incomplete wrinkles, mostly forming a 10/15° angle with the main axis of the body. Wings darkened. Sensorial area of mid tibia subtriangular and well impressed; sensorial area of hind tibia gutta-like and almost flushed with surrounding surface, only moderately sunken. Gradulus on 1 st tergum well defined and retilinear. Basal hollow of 2 nd tergum with buttressing ridges as long as half the ehight of pregradular surface. The prominence dividing ventral petiolar surface from 1 st sternum is undivided.

Median ventral lamella of clypeal disk pitless, with a stripe of transversal larger p just above it, the remainder with small, densely packed p, present also on the lower frons. The remainder of frons, vertex, temple and genae with medium p with varying iS from one two three times their diametre. More densely packed p just along cOc. Pitless areas only around ocelli. N 1 disk anteriorly with a transversal pitless stripe, which gets medially higher than half the height of the disk in dorsal aspect; p on the remainder of surface like on the frons; lateral areas with shagreened MR throughout, with small p arranged in rows on their lower third but without evident prominent wrinkles. Sc 1 with anterior gradulus complete, connected to parapsidal lines; its outline looks a rough broad arrow-point backward directed; p liek on the frons laterally, more densely packed medially; small p along posterior border. Sc 2 with medium p posteriorly. Postscutellar area with very few medium p centrally and smaller ones laterally. es 1 like frons. em 2 clearly distinct like in the other Tiphiinae by a strong episternal-scrobal sulcus. es 2: - prominent lateral surface with variously impressed p and iS (present throughout) and posterior surface covered by small p, their border area bipunctate; - anterior surface densely covered by small p with only sparse larger ones, - anterior half of ventral surface covered by shagreened MR among densely packed small p whereas the posterior half shows large well spaced p with very small p along the suture and also spread along border with LaSt 2. em3 with densely packed micro p upperly, its lower surface with shagreened mR. es 3 with shagreened mR and sparse small p. LaSt 2 mostly smooth and shining. Lobes of metasternum (St 3) flattened ventrally, with 2-3 large p and micro p laterally and basally along the suture. Horizontal P with surface out of areola with shallow sculpture and mR (at x50) and ill defined weak buttressing ridges along the posterior border; surface of areola without mR; posterior surface with irregular scuplture and sparse ill defined p among smaller ones. Ventral surface of X 1 bipunctate by small p among larger ones; of X 2 almost pitless with dense small p at its base and backward; of X 3 bipunctate with very sparse both medium and small p. Vertical surface of 1 st tergum covered by many small p, with scatterd larger ones and a very shallow median vertical hollow; horizontal surface with sparse medium p. 2 nd tergum like 1 st one with sparse micro p on its median surface. Anterior half surface of 3 rd, 4 th and 5 th terga with small p and evident mR trhoughout, the remainder with sparse medium p. All of them with a row of p near the apical border. Apical half of 6 th tergum with very obscure and shallow longitudinal wrinkles, basal half with dense roughly impressed p; both of them with well impressed mR. 2 nd to 6 th sterna like median terga and completely covered by evident mR. 1 st sternal surface roughly sculptured by densely packed p with no iS. Because of bad conditions of the lower head (digged by dermestids) it has not been possible to examine labrum which shows some variability about its ventral border among african and european specimens.

Lectotypus of T. Olcesei and all the other females here recorded have: - PoG less than half length of 1 st flagellomerus, - apical Pam -merus distincly longer than 4 th one (ratio about 1,25), - ratio LAa / Am of the N 1 disk about 3.0, - small p on apical ventral es 2 along the suture and only at the outer corner of LaSt 2, - moreor less stressed apical enlargement of P, - number of wrinkles on lateral P not overcoming 30 and forming a 25-40° angle on the longitudinal axis of the body, - clearly sunken sensorial area of hind tibia. Only the specimens from Greece have micro p on 2 nd tergum. The remainder of morphology (ratios between wings and mesosoma, width and height of the head, width of the head and pronotal disk; p of the body, last tergum,) do not show appreciable differences compared with holotype of T. villosa . There would be sufficient ground to nourish some doubt about their conspecificity, nevertheless in default of other specimens from typical locus and different males than those here described which could be directly and safely referred to the holotype, we are compelled to maintain their conspecificity and establish the above said synonymies .

The lectotypus of T. Olcesei (size about 17 mm) has bilobed prominence between ventral petiolar surface and 1 st sternum while the female paralectotype has it undivided. The typical specimens of T. Olcesei, both males and females, together with all other specimens from NW Africa, have much more darkened wings, whereas the wings of specimens from Andalusia look like in specimens from other European areas. DUSMET refers on variability of length of wings. The tip of the forewing of all the specimens here recorded get and overcome rear border of 4 th tergum.

Male. Figs 20-30 . The present description is based on the paralectotype of T. Olcesei. (size about 13.5 mm). It lacks most of right flagellum. Figs 31 & 32 have been drawn from specimen from Italy (Treviso), fig. 6 from specimen labelled / Dint Genova V 1940 .../.

Black, brown and semitransparent light brown.

Brown: tip of mandibles, apical border of N 1 disk, tegulae, LaSt 2, pterostigma, apex of femurs and tibiae, tarsi, veins, spines and spurs, membranous apex of metameri, apex of 6 th sternum and 7 th tergum.

Clypeal disk with a moderately notched ventral lamella. Basal 5 flagellomeri with ratio L / LA in between 1 and 1.1. Ratio between length of Pam and length of gonosquama just a bit more than 1.0. Prominent and shining tyloids on all the flagellomeri (very short on 1 st one). Fore border of N 1 disk bluntly angled. Omaulus roughly but well expressed. Number of wrinkles on lateral P less than 20, mostly incomplete. Ridges delimiting areola, horizontal and lateral from posterior area prominent and lamellar-like. Sparse buttressing ridge along posterior ridge of P well expressed. Sub oval, impressed sensorial area on mid tibia; narrow and elongated on hind tibia. Graduli on 1 st and 2 nd terga well expressed. Gradulus on 1 st tergum with a backwards central tip. Well stepped gradulus delimiting declivitous surface on 2 nd sternum.

Extremely dense variously sized p, either without either with very narrow iS on the head, N 1 disk, Sc1, es1, swollen lateral and ventral areas of es 2. Impunctate areas on the tipo clypeal lamella, around mid and lateral ocelli. Scape and postscutellar area bipunctate. Sc 2 with larger iS, up to half diametre of p. Anteroventral half of lateral N 1 wrinkled. es 3 shagreened. em 3 like in the female. Horizontal area of P, areola included, roughly and irregularly sculptured. Posterior area like in the female. Ventral area of coxae bipunctate. Large and impressed p on 1 st tergum and basal postgradular surface of 2 nd tergum; smaller and less impressed p on the remainder of metameri; 1 st tergal surface like uìin the female; narrow stripe of more densely packed p along distal border of all metameri.

Well detectable (at x50) mR on all the pitless and not sculpturated areas of the head, on the whole of lateral N 1, lower em 3, LaSt 2, back (inner) surface of mid femur, most of all terga and sterna but the narrow apical stripe of p.

Shape of posterior tip of gonosquama and the microreticulation (MR) on inside the tuberculum on 5 th sternum uniquely occur in this taxon and are good autapomorphies for the males (whereas searching for well evident autapomorphies of females has been unsuccessful).

Males from Veneto and Liguria show few differences: the p of lower genae are clearly bipunctate instesad of irregularly scupltured; the wrinkles on lateral P are about 15 and more produced; mR on metameri is weaker. Male specimens from Algeciras have also bipunctate genae and weaker mR on the metasoma, but no mR on the free areas of the head and 2 nd tergum.

Distribution. This taxon has the most wide distribution range within the genus, from NW Africa to Anatolia, through most of Europe.

Variability. Strong variability occurs only in size, fluctuating from 10 to 17 mm in females and 9 to 15 in males.

Apart size, the greater variabilty in both sexes occurs about shape and length of areola and their ridges, a fact which frequently occurs within the subfamily where we can examine a sufficient lot of specimen.

NOTE. The lectotypus of T. major and female specimens marked by asterisk have steeper gradulus on Sc 1, the surface of es 3 shining without any microsculpture among the sparse small p. (this occurs too in some specimens from Northern Italy and in the specimen from Gargano which gets the size of 17 mm), darker flagelli, ligther wings and no distinct gradulus on 1 st tergum even though many specimens show trace of it. Their size varies from 13 to 18 mm. All the specimens examined come from the Guadalquivir table land, apart the lectotypus whose label reports " Gibraltar ", where apparently its distribution areas interlace with specimens of Ps. villosa . The males examined from that area show uniquely a slenderer first metamerus whereas all the remainder of characters and genitalia are identical with other males of Ps. villosa , coming from Algeciras and other Spanish localities too; they have no mR on the head and as few wrinkles on lateral P as in the males from Italy. Apparently we are dealing with distinct population deserving of subspecifical rank, nevertheless since definitive and clear proofs about their geographical segregation are hitherto missing it is more consistent to group them under the name Pseudotiphia villosa .

The female specimens from Greece and Turkey are also placed here since they do not show any pronounced difference from females of other areas; unfortunately no males from these areas have been examined.

Figures

Figs 9-19. Pseudotiphia villosa. (Holotypus) – (9) head, dorsal aspect; (10) head, frontal aspect; (11) genal bridge, ventral aspect; (12) basal flagellomeri; (13) palpi; (14) mesosoma, dorsal aspect; (15) apical fore wing. Pseudotiphia villosa (Lectotypus of Tiphia Olcesei) – (16) head, lateral aspect; (17) genal bridge, ventral aspect; (18) palpi; (19): labrum, frontal aspect.

Figs 1-8. Pseudotiphia – (1): posteroventral aspect of propodeum; (2): 1st metamerus, ventral aspect; (5): 1st metamerus, lateral aspect; (6): genitalia, lateral aspect. Tiphia (female) – (3): laterodorsal aspect of basal metameri; (4): frontal aspect of lateral clypeal disk; (7): Sc1 dorsal aspect. Tiphia (male) – (8): palette of gonosquama.

Figs 20-32. Pseudotiphia villosa (Paralectotypus of Tiphia Olcesei) – (20) head, dorsal aspect; (21) head, frontal sapect; (22) genal bridge, ventral aspect; (23) basal flagellomeri; (24) palpi; (25) labrum, frontal aspect; (26) mesosoma, dorsal aspect; (27) apical fore wing. (28) lateral 5th sternum, ventral aspect; (29) gonosquama, lateral inner aspect; (30) aedeagus, lateral aspect. (31) gonosquama, lateral inner aspect (particular); (32) aedeagus, lateral aspect.