Euglossa viridis (Perty, 1833)

Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A. & Engel, Michael S., 2014, Revision of the orchid bee subgenus Euglossella (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Part II: The viridis and mandibularis species groups, Journal of Melittology 36, pp. 1-108 : 9-12

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.17161/jom.v0i36.4777
publication LSID	urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C9DAC2FD-B7C7-4206-BA89-220522DD884D
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A1878F-B564-FF88-FE08-4E6961CCFB0B
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Euglossa viridis
status

Treatment

Key to species of the viridis View in CoL species group

NOTE: Females in the genus Euglossa have a notoriously conservative morphology, such that females of closely-related species are difficult to distinguish on a purely morphological basis. In most cases there is no better way to assign a specific name to female specimens than by association with males from the same area where a given female was collected. With these limitations in mind, the female portion of the key (starting with couplet 10) is provided as a preliminary, albeit less than satisfactory, way of accounting for females in the viridis group. Females for E. polita are known but were not included as specimens were not available for examination during the course of this work (but refer also to comments provided for that species, vide infra).

1. Male: antenna with 11 flagellar articles; metasoma with seven exposed terga; metatibia inflated bearing organ slit (setose-lined opening) .............................. 2

—. Female: antenna with 10 flagellar articles; metasoma with six exposed terga; metatibia with well-developed and expanded corbicula ..................................... 10

2(1). Second metasomal sternum modified with two well developed and contiguous cowled slits (sensu Roubik, 2004), slits facing posteriorly, running almost orthogonal to sagittal body plane ( Fig. 65 View Figures 62–66 ) [easternmost Amazon Basin (Pará State, Brazil)] ................................................................... E. (E.) polita Ducke View in CoL

—. Second metasomal sternum modified with two integumental elevations and setal patches, but never possessing slits .................................................................. 3

3(2). Second metasomal tergum with punctures on mesal section of disc large (maximum length at least 0.40x mid-ocellus diameter), noticeably elongate longitudinally, similar to punctures on third to seventh terga (progressively larger on these) ( Figs. 104 View Figures 96–104 , 116 View Figures 109–116 ) [ Mexico to Pacific lowlands of Colombia and Ecuador] .............................................................................................................. 4

—. Second metasomal tergum with punctures on mesal section of disc small to medium sized (maximum length no more than 0.30x mid-ocellus diameter), punctiform to moderately elongate, punctures on third to seventh terga variously sized ( Figs. 9 View Figures 3–9 , 79 View Figures 71–79 ) [ South America east of the Andes (Guianas, Amazon Basin, Parana and Atlantic forests)] ............................................ 5

4(3). Vestiture dominated by yellow-fulvous setae, especially noticeable on mesosoma, where they form a dense cover on mesepisternum, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum; setae on mesoscutum and mesoscutellum structurally equivalent to those on mesepisternum, i.e., plumose, with numerous, well-developed branches ( Figs. 105–106 View Figures 105–106 ) [Pacific lowlands of Colombia and Ecuador] ....................................................................... E. (E.) granti Cheesman View in CoL

—. Vestiture dominated by pale-fuscous setae; setae on mesoscutum structurally similar to those on mesepisternum only on anteriormost section, remaining areas of mesoscutum and entirety of mesoscutellum with setae bearing minute branches, almost appearing simple ( Figs. 92–93 View Figures 92–93 ) [southeastern Mexico to Panama] ............................................................................... E. (E.) cyanura Cockerell View in CoL

5(3). Mesepisternum densely punctate on lateral-facing surface, punctures on central and lower surfaces contiguous (no noticeably smooth areas between them), becoming slightly sparser towards ventral part where they are separated by no more than one puncture diameter (slightly sparser around subpleural signum) ( Fig. 78 View Figures 71–79 ); integument green throughout, with golden-bronzy iridescence and few blue-green highlights ( Figs. 67–68 View Figures 67–68 ) [Peruvian Amazon (Madre de Dios, Huanuco), northern Bolivia, and Rondônia State, Brazil] .......................................................................... E. (E.) perviridis Dressler View in CoL

—. Mesepisternum less densely punctate on lateral-facing surface, punctures on central surface separated by noticeably smooth areas (even if small), punctures on lower surface and ventral part separated by more than one puncture diameter ( Figs. 6 View Figures 3–9 , 22 View Figures 18–24 , 48 View Figures 42–50 ); integumental coloration varied, including green and blue-purple in different arrangements and combinations [Amazon Basin and contiguous areas to north, south, and east] ................................................ 6

6(5). Mesotibial anterior tuft length comparable to width of mid-section of velvety area (michrotrichia covering outer surface) ( Fig. 145 View Figures 144–154 ); integument of dorsal areas of body dominated by blue-purple coloration, especially noticeable (always present) on mesoscutellum and first to fourth metasomal terga ( Figs. 16 View Figures 16–17 , 23 View Figures 18–24 ), other areas green with a mixture of blue highlights [widespread in Amazon Basin and contiguous areas to north, south, and east] ....... E. (E.) azurea Ducke View in CoL

—. Mesotibial anterior tuft length clearly exceeding width of mid-section of velvety area ( Figs. 144, 146–148 View Figures 144–154 ); integument of dorsal areas of body exhibiting different degrees of combinations of green and blue-purple coloration [Amazon Basin and contiguous areas to north, south, and east] ..................... 7

7(6). Mesepisternum densely punctate (moderately in a few specimens) on lateral-facing surface, punctures on central surface separated by no more than two-thirds of one puncture diameter, becoming denser towards pronotal lobe and hypoepimeral area where they are rather contiguous ( Fig. 6 View Figures 3–9 ) [widespread in Amazon Basin and contiguous areas to north, south, and east] ................. E. (E.) viridis (Perty) View in CoL

—. Mesepisternum moderately punctate on lateral-facing surface, punctures on central surface leaving noticeable polished areas between them, some of these areas as large as two or three puncture diameters, puncture density increasing towards pronotal lobe and hypoepimeral area where punctures are separated by half to one puncture diameter ( Figs. 35 View Figures 31–37 , 48 View Figures 42–50 , 57 View Figures 53–59 ) [northwestern Amazon Basin and low to middle elevations of east side of Andes] .............................. 8

8(7). Mesotibial anterior tuft mid-width equivalent to width of contiguous section of velvety area ( Fig. 146 View Figures 144–154 ); punctures on central surface of mesepisternum separated by no more than one-half a puncture diameter, surfaces close to pronotal lobe and hypoepimeral area with punctures separated by no more than one-half a puncture diameter ( Fig. 35 View Figures 31–37 ) [northwestern Amazon Basin] ................................................ E. (E.) celiae Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel View in CoL , n. sp.

—. Mesotibial anterior tuft mid-width wider than contiguous section of velvety area ( Fig. 147 View Figures 144–154 ); punctures on central surface of mesepisternum separated by two to three puncture diameters, surfaces close to pronotal lobe and hypoepimeral area with punctures separated by one puncture diameter ( Figs. 48 View Figures 42–50 , 57 View Figures 53–59 ) [low to middle elevation areas contiguous to eastern side of Andes] ................. 9

9(8). Medium-sized bees, average body length 12.27 mm, average metasomal width (at its widest section) 5.15 mm; metasoma on average 7% wider than head, appearing noticeably wider than remainder of body as observed in dorsal view ( Fig. 38 View Figures 38–39 ) [middle elevations on eastern areas of Andes of Bolivia and Peru] .................................................................................... E. (E.) cyanea Friese View in CoL

—. Comparatively smaller bees, average body length 10.61 mm, average metasomal width (at its wider section) 4.61 mm; metasoma on average 2.5% wid- er than head, appearing almost as wide as head in dorsal view ( Fig. 51 View Figures 51–52 ) [low to middle elevations on eastern foothills of Andes of Ecuador] .................. .................................................... E. (E.) subandina Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel View in CoL , n. sp.

10(1). Bees from Central America and Pacific lowlands of Colombia and Ecuador.... 11

—. Bees from Amazon Basin and contiguous areas to north, south, and east ..... 12

11(10). Vestiture dominated by yellow-fulvous setae, especially noticeable on mesosoma, where they form a dense cover on mesepisternum, mesoscutum, and mesoscutellum; setae all over mesoscutum and mesoscutellum structurally equivalent to those on mesepisternum, i.e., plumose, with numerous, well-developed branches ( Figs. 107–108 View Figures 107–108 ) [Pacific lowlands of Colombia and Ecuador] .................................................................... E. (E.) granti Cheesman View in CoL

—. Vestiture dominated by pale-fuscous setae; setae on mesoscutum structurally similar to those on mesepisternum only on anteriormost section, remaining areas of mesoscutum and entire mesoscutellum with setae bearing minute branches, appearing almost simple ( Figs. 94–95 View Figures 94–95 ) [southeastern Mexico to Panama] ..................................................................... E. (E.) cyanura Cockerell View in CoL

12(10). Mesepisternum moderately punctate on lateral-facing surface, punctures on central surface separated by 1–2 puncture diameters, leaving some noticeably smooth integument between, puncture density increasing towards pronotal lobe and hypoepimeral area where punctures appear almost contiguous ( Fig. 41 View Figures 40–41 ) [middle elevations on eastern areas of Andes in Bolivia and Peru] ............................................................................................ E. (E.) cyanea Friese View in CoL

—. Mesepisternum moderately to densely punctate on lateral-facing surface, punctures on central surface separated by at most by one puncture diameter (generally less), becoming denser towards pronotal lobe and hypoepimeral area where they are rather contiguous ( Figs. 26 View Figures 25–26 , 70 View Figures 69–70 , 81 View Figures 80–81 , 85 View Figures 84–85 ) [Amazon Basin and contiguous areas to north, south, and east] ................................ 13

13(12). Integument green to blue-green as a basal color, dorsal parts of body mainly blue to blue-purple, particularly mesoscutellum and first through third or fourth metasomal terga ( Figs. 25–26 View Figures 25–26 ) [widespread in Amazon Basin and contiguous areas to north, south, and east] ................................. E. (E.) viridis View in CoL / azurea View in CoL

—. Integument green throughout, with golden-bronzy and blue-green iridescence .......................................................................................................................... 14

14(13). Metasoma about 7% wider than head capsule ( Figs. 69 View Figures 69–70 , 84 View Figures 84–85 ) ........................... 15

—. Metasomal width comparable to that of head capsule (metasoma at most 2% wider) ( Figs. 80 View Figures 80–81 , 88–89 View Figures 88–89 ) ......................................................................................... 16

15(14). Metabasitarsus barrel-shaped, anterior and posterior margins noticeably convex ( Fig. 87 View Figures 86–87 ) [ Santa Elena, Bolivar State, Venezuela] ............................................... ............................................................. E. (E.) cupella Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel View in CoL , n. sp.

—. Metabasitarsus with anterior margin convex and posterior margin straight ( Fig. 76 View Figures 71–79 ) [southwestern Amazon Basin in Peru] ........... E. (E.) perviridis Dressler View in CoL

16(14). Scape with noticeable yellow macula on distal third of lateral surface ( Fig. 82 View Figures 82–83 ); metabasitarsus with anterior margin appearing straight (or at most with subtle convexity) ( Fig. 83 View Figures 82–83 ) [Puerto Ayacucho, Amazonas State, Venezuela] ...... .............................................................. E. (E.) cetera Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel View in CoL , n. sp.

—. Scape uniformly brown with no yellow markings ( Fig. 90 View Figures 90–91 ); metabasitarsus with anterior and posterior margins convex (posterior with subtle convexity) ( Fig. 91 View Figures 90–91 ) [ French Guiana and Amapá State, Brazil] .................................. ......................................................... E. (E.) ashei Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel View in CoL , n. sp.