Phaneropsolidae Mehra

Santos, Cláudia Portes & Gibson, David I., 2015, Checklist of the Helminth Parasites of South American Bats, Zootaxa 3937 (3), pp. 471-499 : 479-480

Family Phaneropsolidae Mehra

The phaneropsolids are closely related to the lecithodendriids, from which they are often difficult to distinguish based on morphology. Together they form the major group of bat parasites. The synonymies indicated are based on Lotz & Font (2008b).

Bats become infected by ingesting insects harbouring the encysted metacercarial stage.

1. Caeca medium in length, reach into hindbody............................................................... 2

- Caeca short, reach only to level of ventral sucker or retained in forebody.......................................... 3

2. Genital pore sublateral to submedian, in forebody................................ Maxbraunium Caballero & Zerecero Species: M. tubiporum (Braun, 1900)

- Genital pore lateral, at level of ventral sucker.................... Postorchigenes Tubangui (= Czosnowia Zdzitowiecki ) Species: P. m b o p i Vaucher, 1981; P. paraguayensis Fischthal & Martin, 1978

3. Male and female genital pores widely separated; male pore well anterior to ventral sucker, median or submedian............................................................................................... Tremajoannes Saoud 3. Syn. of Ochoterenatrema diminutum ( Chandler, 1938) according to Cain (1966).

Species: T. buckleyi Saoud 1964

- Genital pore common or male and female pores close together, submedial to sublateral and close to level of ventral sucker...4

4. Ovary in forebody or at level of anterior region of ventral sucker; cirrus-sac not oriented horizontally........................................................................... Limatulum Travassos (= Stumiratrema Vélez & Thatcher) Species: L. brevicoecum Mañé-Garzón & González, 1976 ; L. gastroides Macy, 1935 ; L. oklahomense Macy, 1931 (b); L. umbilicatum (Vélez & Thatcher, 1992)

- Ovary at level of posterior region of ventral sucker or in anterior hindbody; cirrus-sac oriented horizontally............................................................. Parabascus Looss (= Limatuloides Dubois; Parabascoides Stunkard)4 Species: P. cephalolecithus ( Marshall & Miller, 1979) ; P. limatulus (Braun, 1900)