Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Beccari (1916: 466)

Noblick, Larry R., 2017, A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae), Phytotaxa 294 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

14. Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Beccari (1916: 466) . Cocos coronata Martius (1826: 115) . Calappa coronata (Mart.) Kuntze (1891: 982) . Lectotype (designated by Dahlgren 1959, plate 384):— BRAZIL. Bahia and Pernambuco: Martius 1869 (M! [F neg. 18563, 18563a])

Cocos botryophora var. ensifolia Drude in Martius (1881: 409). Arecastrum romanzoffianum var. ensifolium (Drude) Beccari (1916: 459) . Type :—cult. BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Passeio Publ., 13 November 1875, A.F.M. Glaziou 8058 (holotype P! [F neg. 21141], isotype RB!).

Cocos coronata var. todari Beccari (1887: 453) . Syagrus coronata var. todari (Becc.) Beccari (1916: 466) . Type:—cult. SICILY. Orto Bot., Palermo, Todare s.n. (holotype FI).

Cocos quinquefaria Barbosa Rodrigues (1900: 13). Syagrus quinquefaria (Barb.Rodr.) Beccari (1916: 467) . Lectotype (designated by Glassman [1987: 74]):— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: cult, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro: Barbosa Rodrigues (1903a) volume 1, t. 87A. 1903a.

Glaziova treubiana Beccari (1910: 791) . Syagrus treubiana (Becc.) Beccari (1916: 468) .

Lectotype (designated by Glassman [1987: 74]):— INDONESIA, Java: cult. Bogor Bot. Gard., Hort. Bot. Bog. X.D. 48 ( FI).

Figure 19 plate, Figure 20 map.

Moderate-sized, solitary, unarmed, palms. Stem (1.5–) 3–12 m × (15–) 20–25 cm, angular in appearance, light to dark gray, caulescent, erect, often concealed by persistent leaf bases, ultimately replaced by distinctive closely-spaced leaf scars, arranged in rows, internodes nearly absent. Leaves (10–)15–28(–30), arranged in five ranks or rows, usually spiraled to the left or to the right but rarely in five perfectly vertical rows, spreading; sheathing leaf base 102–160 cm long, usually persisting just beneath the crown, rarely persisting to the base, with wide woody flattened fibers; pseudopetiole 50–170 cm long mostly with wide woody flattened fibers from sheath remnants, petiole 3.5–7 × 2.5–3.5 cm, 1.0– 1.5 cm thick; rachis (70–) 120–280 cm long; leaflets green waxy adaxially, waxy glaucous especially on the abaxial surface, (80–)87–121(–131) along one side, irregularly distributed in clusters of 2–5, in divergent planes; no ramenta scales or tomentum present where the leaflets are inserted on the rachis, and none along the abaxial midvein; basal leaflets 44–70 × 0.4–1.3 cm, middle leaflets (22–)24–70 × 1.5–4 cm, apical leaflets 11–27 × 0.1–0.8 cm with asymmetric, acuminate tips. Inflorescence pendulous, spirally branched; prophyll 35–55 cm long; peduncular bract ca. 59–112 cm long, expanded portion 30–75 × 6–21 cm, bearing a 3–5 cm beak, 12–21 cm perimeter, 1.5–3 mm thickness, woody, deeply sulcate, glabrous or with a thin waxy bloom, yellowish with a sweet odor when bract first opens, later turning tan to light brown or gray; peduncle ca. (20–)24–90 × 1–1.5 cm, mostly glabrous; inflorescence axis 30–88(–95) cm long; rachis 18–43 cm long; rachillae glabrous, 34–78, 18–44 cm long at its base, 8–25 cm long at its apex, rachillae bracts absent or to 1–1.5 mm long; staminate flowers 6–11 mm long at the apex, 10–14(–16) × (2–) 4–7 mm at the base, cream to yellow, sepals 2–4 × 1.5–2.5 mm, glabrous, no veins visible, petals (4–)5–10 × 2–5(–7) mm, with acute tips, glabrous with indistinct nerves near the base, stamens 4–7.5 mm long, anthers 3–5.5 mm long, filaments 1.5–3 mm long, pistillode absent or to 0.5 mm long; pistillate flowers pyramidal, 7–12 × (5–) 6–9 mm, green to light brown, sepals 7–12 × 4.5–9 mm, glabrous, obscurely veined, keeled, petals (5–)8–12 × (3–) 4–6 mm, glabrous, with some raised veins especially near the base, valvate tips ½ the length of the petal, ca. 3–6 mm long, pistil (2–)4–6.5 × 2–3.6 mm, glabrous, stigmas 1.5–3 mm

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NOBLICK long, staminodal ring ca. 1–1.5 mm high. Fruit ellipsoid, 2.5–3 × 1.7–2 cm, yellow-green, persistent perianth (cupule) beige to brown, 1.5–2 cm wide, 0.8–1 cm deep, ring 1.5–2 mm in height, epicarp yellow-green to orange, fairly smooth, fibrous, sometimes with a little brown tomentum, less than 0.5 mm thick, mesocarp fibrous, mucilaginous, sweet tasting, 1–2(–3) mm thick; endocarp 2.7–3.5 × 1.5–2.0 cm, 2–3.5 mm thick on the sides but 4–6(–8) mm thick at the tip, bony, cavity trivittate, smooth, slightly truncate at base, with no clusters of fibers; seed (13–)15–18(–23) × 9–12 mm, endosperm homogeneous. Germination remote-tubular.

Common name:— licuri, licurizeiro, ouricuri, nicuri, alicuri, baba-de-boi, coqueiro-cabeçudo, coqueirodecori, cabeçudo.

Etymology:— The specific epithet, coronata , means crown and refers to the distinctive phyllotaxy of the leaves: five rows forming a leafy crown.

Distribution and habitat:— Found in Brazil, mostly east of the Rio São Francisco , most of eastern and central Bahia, northern Minas Gerais to southern Pernambuco, including Sergipe and Alagoas. In northern Bahia, populations of this species are distributed to the coastline; but below Salvador, Bahia, the populations stop in the drier transitional areas and do not invade the wetter coastal rain forest to the east. In addition, none have been found west of the Rio São Francisco , nor south of the Rio Jequitinhonha. Syagrus coronata is one of the few palms that can survive the aridness of Bahia's caatinga vegetation. It does even better in areas of transition between the caatinga and the campo rupestre, caatinga and more mesic forests etc. It is a major component of some of the seasonal semideciduous forests east of the São Francisco. North of Salvador, S. coronata populations extend into the restinga (coastal) vegetation zone.

Conservation:— Because of its wide distribution, its ability to grow in areas that are not valuable for agriculture and its tenacity to persist in pastures, this species is not considered threatened. Truck-loads of them are cleared from fields each year to provide traditional annual Christmas decorations along the streets of Feira de Santana, Bahia. Other farmers are planting them to provide food for the native Lear's macaw ( Anodorhynchus leari ), and also for emergency forage for cattle in times of drought. It is classified as least concern, LC.

Phenology:— This palm will flower and fruit year around but has a peak of flowering and fruiting in the summer months from December to March.

Uses:— No one else championed the usefulness of S. coronata as much as Bondar (1938a, 1939a, 1939b, 1939c, 1939d, 1939f, 1942c, 1964). It is enough just to list a few of the uses that he reported. The heart of the palm, fruit and nut are edible, the leaves provide wax, the seeds are used for extracting oil for soap and other products, and the endocarp (nut) is used in regional handicrafts. During dry periods the leaves are ground up, mixed with other plants and fed to livestock. Even during the driest spells this palm has the capacity to continue to flower and produce fruits. The fruits produce an edible, mucilaginous, sweetish, fibrous mesocarp that is chewed then discarded. The seeds (endosperm) are often strung into long "rosaries" and eaten at leisure. The oily seeds are collected in large quantities for food. They can be made into a sugary sweet "cocada." They are also used for cooking and lighting oil and for the manufacture of other assorted products. At the turn of the century the oil was used in the perfume industry. Today, licuri oil is sought after to mix with oil from the African oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis ) to make soap (Sabão Gareira). Many seeds are gathered and sold as a source of income and enter in the national statistics together with that for babaçu oil. The crushed and broken seed is fed as a daily ration to domesticated fowl. In fact, in the interior of Bahia in some places it is customary to use crushed licuri seed rather than corn to feed fowl.

The leaves of licuri are used for covering rural shelters, and to fabricate doors and walls. Parts of the leaf are used for making hats, fans, baskets, dusters, sleeping mats etc. Because older leaves have accumulated large quantities of wax, they are used to make torches for night time illumination or to burn out ant nests. The wax is of very high quality similar to that collected from carnaúba palms, Copernicia prunifera , and used to be scraped off the leaves and sold into the wax export market until that market crashed.

In times of extreme emergency and hardship, this palm has saved the lives of many caatinga inhabitants. The palm heart is edible and sweet tasting and a substitute flour, "farinha," can be pounded and sifted from its trunk. It is not very healthful, but at least it filled the stomach and held off hunger and death for one more day.

Notes:— This is a slow growing palm distinguished by very visible leaf scars and a lack of visible internodes, angular trunk, leaf bases arranged in five rows, and thick flat woody sheath fibers. Syagrus coronata is easily distinguished by the unusual arrangement of its leaves on the stem in five distinct vertical rows, and by the persistent leaf remains on the stem, especially in moister areas. Syagrus oleracea with which it has been confused, usually has leaves spirally arranged on the stem, petiole margins that are more fibrous in nature, and larger fruits

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NOBLICK and pistillate flowers. At a distance the two are may be difficult to determine, but up close, identification is easy. To date, the populations of these two palms have not been found to overlap in Bahia. Syagrus coronata is always found east of the Rio São Francisco , and S. oleracea is found only west of that river. Syagrus coronata forms hybrids with several other species of Syagrus , including S. vagans , S. microphylla , S. schizophylla , S. botryophora and S. romanzoffiana .

Representative specimens:— BRAZIL. Alagoas: Água Branca, Margem da AL-145, 13 November 1985, R.P. de Lyra-Lemos & A.I.L. Pinheiro 1102 (MAC!, PEUFR!); Água Branca, –9.26, –37.94, 1 February 2009, R.P. de Lyra-Lemos 11678 (MAC); Anadia, Fazenda Tanque Escuro, 22 February 1985, R.P. de Lyra-Lemos & A.I.L. Pinheiro 1222, 1224 (PEUFR!); Arapiraca, Povoado Cangandu, –9.75, –36.66, 7 March 2009, R. Fernandes 164 (MAC); Coruripe, Usina Coruripe, Fazenda Capiatã A-Bloco Poxinzinho, área de encosta, –10.13, –36.18, 24 July 2003, M.A.B.L. Machado 306 (MAC); Junqueiro, Fazenda Ribeira, –9.84, –36.37, 20 November 2005, A.L.S. Santos 206 (MAC); Maribondo, próximo a BR-316, 20 April 1982, R.P. de Lyra-Lemos & M.N.R. Staviski 463 (MAC!); Rio Largo, próximo ao Aeroporto, 19 September 1985, R.P. de Lyra-Lemos & A.I.L. Pinheiro 1048 (MAC!, PEUFR!); São Jose da Tapera , 33 July 1982, R.P. de Lyra-Lemos & M.N.R. Staviski 659 (MAC!); São José da Laje, Usina Serra Grande-Flora dos Fragmentos : Frag. Jaqueira, –9.01, –36.06, 16 December 2003, M. Oliveira 1523 (UFP); Bahia: Alagoinhas, ca. 12 km SW of Araçás and W of BA 093, Fazenda Conceição, 50–100 m, – 12.17, –38.43, 23 November 1988, L.R. Noblick & R. Soeiro 4688 (BAH!, BH!, CEPEC!, F!); Bahia, Alcobaça, – 18.04, –39.37, 21 October 1985, J.L. de S. Lima 67a (HTSA!); Bom Fim [Senhor do Bonfim], "ouricuri" próximo à cidade do Bom Fim, 25 February 1968, Pontual 68-750 (IPA!); Bom Fim, vicinity of Bom Fim, 8–9 June 1915, J.N. Rose & Russell 19825 (NY!, US!); Cabadeiras do Paraguaçu, Recôncavo Sul, 100 m, –12.53, –39.08, 17–28 August 1980, Grupo Pedra do Cavalo 657, 658, 714 (ALCB!); Cachoeira, Recôncavo Sul, 100 m, –39.08, –12.53, 26 September 1980, Grupo Pedra do Cavalo s.n. (ALCB!); Cachoeira, Recôncavo Sul, –12.62, –38.95, 21 September 1992, M.L. Guedes s.n. (ALCB!); Caetité, E.R. Salviani et al. 1848, (HPL!); Caldeirão Grande, Piemonte da Diamantina, –11.02, –40.30, 2 October 2009, Ricl 01 (ALCB); Campo Formoso, Brejo do Tamanduá. Serra do Areião, 819 m, –10.43, –40.26, 17 February 2006, Souza 1451 (HUEFS!); Cansanção, Fazenda Lagoa Grande, atrás, da Associação dos produtores rurais, 1 October 2010, R. Silveira & A.P. Oliveira s.n. (HUEFS!); Castro Alves, 30 June 1969, S.F. Glassman & J.T. Medeiros-Costa 8714, 8715 (F!); Conde, Litoral Norte, 10 m, – 11.95, –37.61, 26 January 2011, F.S. Gomes 750 (ALCB); Coração de Maria, Retiro, –12.25, –38.83, 16 March 2002, Ferraro 4 (HUEFS!); Entre Rios, 25 km W of the coastal village of Subaúma, 50–100 m, –11.93, –38.08, 29 November 1988, L.R. Noblick & R. Soeiro 4694 (CEPEC!, F!, FTG!, HRB!, NY!); Entre Rios, Fazenda do Negro, ca. 15 km SE of Entre Rios, 153 m, –12.02, –38.05, 18 January 2012, A.V. Popovkin & Mattos (HUEFS!); Esplanada, 6 km W of Conde, 20–50 m elevation, –11.82, –37.62, 1 December 1988, L.R. Noblick & R. Soeiro 4704 (CEPEC!, F!, FTG!, HRB!); Feira de Santana, Campos UEFS, –12.27, –38.97, 14 May 1998, K.R.B. Leite 2 (HUEFS!); Feira de Santana, Campus da UEFS [Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana], 9 October 1982, L.R. Noblick 2071 (HUEFS!); Feira de Santana, Campus of the Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, ca. 3 km N on BR-116, 200–300 m, –12.25, –38.95, 18 February 1992, L.R. Noblick & L.P. de Queiroz 4833 (FTG!, HUEFS!); Feira de Santana, Campus universitaire, 9 August 1993, M.H. Pignal & F. Lechat 354 (P!); Feira de Santana, Fazenda Cruserio do Mocó, 211 m, –12.22, –39.05, 14 May 2013, A.S. Querioz & F. França 42 (HUEFS!); Feira de Santana, Campus da UEFS, –12.20, –38.97, 4 October 2006, E.M.B.G. Silva 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 (HUEFS!); Gloria, Nordeste, –9.33, –38.25, 18 January 1993, Bandeira 159 (ALCB); Iaiú, –12.08, –40.22 [S of Baixa Grande], 13 December 1979, A.P. de Araujo s.n. (RB!); Iaçú, Lagedo Alto, 2–3 km norte do povoado, –12.72, – 39.87, 16 January 1986, L.R. Noblick & J. Lobo 4513 (F!, HUEFS!, MO!, US!); Ilhéus, Estrada do Bom Gosto a Olivença, –14.79, –39.05, 12 March 1943, R. de L. Fróes 20094 (NY!); Ilhéus, km 7 estr. Ilhéus/Itabuna, Faz. Cordilheira. 5 km entr. CEPEC, –14.80, –39.20, 6 August 1985, L.R. Noblick 4240 (CEPEC!); Indiaroba, Litoral Norte, 65 m, –11.56, –37.51, 25 January 2011, F.S. Gomes 650 (ALCB); Ipirá, 30 km E of Ipirá along Highway BA-052 to Feira de Santana, 280 m, 2 April 1976, G. Davidse 11827 (BH!, MO!, SP!); Ipuaçu, 30 November 1980, Grupo Flora Pedra do Cavalo 937 (ALCB!, MBM!); Itaberaba, Parte da ARIE pertencente a Itaberaba. Fazenda Bom Jardim. Estância Baleeiro, 491 m, –12.34, –40.48, 14 November 2004, L.P. de Queiroz 9846 (HUEFS!); Itatim, Morro das tocas, –12.72, –39.70, 14 October 1995, F. França 1388 (HUEFS!); Itatim, Próximo ao Morro do Agenor, –12.72, –39.70, 21 April 1996, F. França 1636 (HUEFS!); Itiruçú, Rod. Itiruçú/Maracás, ca. 10 km de Maracás. Ramal que dá acesso a formações rochosasa de granito, –13.53, –40.15, L. Amorim 2745 (CEPEC); Itiúba, Povoado de Picos, serra entre o povoado e a Fazenda Lage da Cruz, 514 m, 5 April 2012, D. Fernandes 5

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Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 61 (HVASF); Itiúba, Próximo ao Povoado de Picos, Serra de Picos , 415 m, 6 April 2012, R.R.V. Gonçalves 11 (HVASF); Itiúba, cerca de 5 km da estrada Itiúba-Filadélfia, Fazenda Carrapato, –10.73, –40.03, 16 August 2002, L.P. de Queiroz 7330 (HUEFS!); Ituaçu, 2 km SE da cidade de Ituaçu, 600 m, –13.82, –41.27, 22 June 1987, L.P. de Queiroz et al. 1633 (HUEFS!); Jaquarari, a 10 km a esquerda para Senhor do Bom Fim, 30 July 1984, J.L. de S. Lima 23–27 (HTSA!); Jequié, 30 km N of Jequié para Milagres, 1965, R.P. Belém & Mendes 241 (BH!, UB!); Jequié, mais ou menos 50 km de Jequié, ao norte, –13.86, –40.08, 29 November 2000, E.R. Salviani & H. Lorenzi 1848 (HPL!); Road to Manoel Vitorino from Jequié, BR- 116, 300 m, –14, –40.17, 9 February 1985, A.H. Gentry & E.M. Zardini 49964 (CEPEC!, MO!, NY!); Jeremoabo, Povoado Casinhas, Roça de D. Lucinha, 411 m, –10.25, – 38.40, 18 April 2009, F.S. Gomes 14 (HUEFS!); Jeremoabo, Raso de Catarina próximo a Mata das Pororocas, 5 December 1983, M.L. Guedes 853 (ALCB!); BR-110, km 36, no lado direito da estrada na direção de Jeremoabo, 13 April 1991, R.P. de Lyra-Lemos & Esteves 1812 (MAC!); Reserva Ecológica do Raso da Catarina, Mata dos Pororocas , 7 December 1982, 446 (ALCB!); Livramento do Brumado, km 5 da Rodovia Liv. do Brumado/Rio de Contas, 600 m, –13.64, –41.84, 19–20 July 1979, S.A. Mori et al. 12305 (BH!, CEPEC!, US!); Manuel Vitorino, Rod. Manoel Vitorino/Jequié, BR- 116, 300 m, –14.00, –40.17, 9 February 1985, A.H. Gentry s.n. (CEPEC!); Maracás, ca. 6 km a SW de Maracás, 13 October 1983, A.M. de Carvalho 2000 (CEPEC!, F!); Maracás, 1 July 1969, S.F. Glassman & J.T. Medeiros-Costa 8720 (F!); Maracás, Rod. BA-026, a 26 km ao SW de Maracás. Folha SD-24 (14-41b), N.V. "licuri," 27 April 1978, S.A. Mori et al. 10000 (CEPEC!, NY!); Maracás, Fazenda Corralinho, 999 m, –13.89, –40.75, 6 December 2011, Oliveira 479 (HUESB); Marcionílio Souza, Vicinity of Machado Portello, –13.00, –40.53, 19 June 1915, J.N. Rose 19939 (NY!, US!); Milagres, BA-046, 10 km W of Tartaruga, caatinga, 350 m, 18 July 1979, G. Hatschbach 42462 (F!, MBM!, US!); Monte Santo, Fazenda Tapera, 400 m, 27 August 1985, J.L. de S. Lima 95–98 (HTSA!); Monte Santo, Nordeste, –10.43, –39.32, 12 January 2006, M.L. Guedes 12162 (ALCB); Morro do Chapéu, Buraco do Possidônio, 972 m, –11.65, –41.27, 7 November 2008, E. Melo 6016 (HUEFS!); Morro do Chapéu, Burado da Duda, 995 m, –11.83, –41.31, 7 November 2008, E. Melo 6041 (HUEFS!); Morro do Chapéu, 27.5 km SE of town of Morro do Chapéu on the BA 052 road to Mundo Novo, 800 m, –11.65, –41.02, 4 March 1977, R.M. Harley 19411 (CEPEC!, K!); Mundo Novo, 4 November 1988, J.L. de S. Lima & L.R. Noblick s.n. (HTSA!); Paulo Afonso, 1973, A.P. Duarte s.n. (RB!); Paulo Afonso, Estação Ecológica do Raso da Catarina , 539 m, –9.68, –38.42, 30 November 2005, F. França 5306, 5308 (HUEFS!); Paulo Afonso, Povoado Juá, –9.45, –38.43, 24 January 2009, K.M.R. Rocha s.n. (HST); Paulo Afonso, Estação Ecológica do Raso da Catarina , –9.41, –38.21, 31 March 2008, M.S. Mendes 168 (UFP); Paulo Afonso, Estação Ecológica Raso da Catarina (Mata da Pororoca.) , 715 m, –9.82, –38.49, 1 December 2005, A.O. Moraes 118 (HUEFS!); Paulo Afonso, Nordeste, –9.40, –38.22, 7 December 1982, L.P. de Queiroz s.n (ALCB!); Pojuquinha, prés de Salvador, entre –12.00 á –12.33, –38.00 á –38.17, 0–50 m, 17 July 1993, M.H. Pignal & F. Lechat 233 (BAH, P!); Rui Barbosa , estrada Norte de Rui Barbosa, Folha SD 24-VB, ponto 08, –12.08, –40.22, 16 October 1978, A.P. de Araujo 90 (HRB!, RB!); Salvador, Pituba, ca. 15 km N of Salvador, 1940, G. Bondar s.n. (F-619736); Salvador, Ondina, 11 September 1953, D.R. Espinhosa s.n. (BAH-600!); Salvador, Pituba, 3 July 1969, S.F. Glassman & J.T. Medeiros-Costa 8723 (F!); Salvador, Região Metropolitana Salvador, –12.97, –38.50, 1 September 1997, M.L. Guedes 5194 (ALCB!); Salvador, Região Metropolitana Salvador, –12.97, –38.50, 14 March 2010, M.L. Guedes 18049 (ALCB!); Salvador, Região Metropolitana Salvador, –12.97, –38.50, 3 April 2012, M.L. Guedes 19817 (ALCB); Salvador, Região Metropolitana Salvador, –12.81, –38.30, 18 March 2007, M.L. Guedes s.n. (ALCB); Salvador, Região Metropolitana Salvador, –12.97, –38.50, 14 October 1997, M. Ramalho s.n. (ALCB); Salvador, Ilha de Maré. Comunidade Quilombola de Praia Grande, –12.97, –38.51, 3 December 2012, E.M.G.B. Silva 82 (HUEFS!); São João, Luetzelburg s.n. (B, destroyed?); Saúde, –11.62, –40.73, 4 September 1985, J.L. de S. Lima 66 (HTSA); Senhor do Bonfim, Carrapichel, 538 m, –10.38, –40.16, 29 July 2005, P.D. Carvalho 225 (HUEFS!); Senhor do Bonfim, Igara, Faz. Anaticun, 478 m, –10.39, –40.12, 6 October 2003, K.R.B. Leite 411 (HUEFS!); Senhor do Bonfim, 20 km da cidade no sentido de Juazeiro, 25 December 1984, G.P. Lewis et al. 7570 (SPF 36570!); Serra do Chuque, Luetzelburg s.n. (B, destroyed?); Martius s.n. (P! [P-00726050]); Ceará: Brejo Santo, Estrada da Serra, 763 m, 5 September 2012, Socolowski 164 (HVASF); Brejo Santo, Povoado Timbauba, 849 m, 11 October 2012, Oliveira 557 (HVASF); Minas Gerais: Jaíba, na estrada para Mocambirbinho, 470 m, –15.30, – 43.70, 31 January 2010, H. Lorenzi 6815 (HPL!); Mato Verde, Estrada para Rio Pardo de Minas, –15.40, –42.80, 12 May 1998, A.C. Marcato 187 (SP); Paraíba: Monteiro, Vale do Boqueirão, 789 m, 1 August 2012, Socolowski 130 (HVASF); São José de Piranhas, Serra do Vital, Restaurante nas Alturas, 708 m, 7 July 2010, A.P. Fontana 6939 (HVASF); Pernambuco: Afrânio, Povoado de Caboclo, 587 m, 25 November 2007, Pesqueira 30 (HVASF);

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NOBLICK

Afrânio, povoado de Caboclo, Fazenda Boqueirão, 560 m, 14 November 2005, J.A. Siqueira Filho 1531 (HVASF); Afrânio, povoado de Caboclo, Fazenda Boqueirão, 560 m, 2 November 2007, J.A. Siqueira Filho 1898 (HVASF); Arcoverde, Serra das Varas , –8.42, –37.05, 11 July 1966, J.T. de Medeiros-Costa 66-0002. (IPA!, UFP!); Buíque, Parque Nacional do Catimbau, próximo a 1 km da Pousada Vale do Catimbau sentido Cannyon, 844 m, 24 January 2012, Oliveira 51 (HVASF); Garanhuns, estrada para Brejão, –8.89, –36.49, 24 June 1969, S.F. Glassman 8702 (MO!); Garanhuns, BR-424 (Garanhuns/Arcoverde), ca. 15 km NW of the intersection of BR-424 near Garanhuns, 1000, –8.89, –36.50, 20 September 1994, L.R. Noblick et al. 4975 (IPA!); Garanhuns, 1929, D.B. Pickel 2178 (IPA!); Olinda, lugares secos do litoral, –8.01, –34.86, 27 January 1930, D.B. Pickel, 2310 (IPA!); Ouricuri, Açude Tamboril (L156), –7.88, –40.08, 30 May 2003, Rocha s.n. (UFP); Tacaratu, Serra do Morcego, nos arredores da Torre da Telpe, –9.07, –38.13, 835 m, 15 March 2011, J.A. Siqueira Filho 2471 (IPA); Sergipe: Aracaju, APA Morro do Urubu/Parque da Cidade, –10.89, –37.05, 28 October 2011, D.S. Cardoso, 378 (ASE); Areia Branca, Parque Nacional da Serra de Itabaiana , –10.76, –37.32, March 2009, E.C.A. Matos 251 (ASE); Barra dos Coqueiros , –10.91, –37.04, 20 March 1995, M.F. Landim 195 (ASE); Estância, Rodovia para Abais, –11.28, – 37.43, 23 October 2012, D.A. Campos 172 (ASE); Indiaroba, –11.52, –37.51, 11 August 1995, G. Hatschbach 63192 (MBM!); Lagarto, Mata de Doutor João, –10.92, –37.65, 12 March 2009, D.S. Melo 19 (ASE); Neópolis, Fazenda Cadoz, –10.32, –36.58, 23 February 2006, R.M.O. Rodrigues 24 (ASE, UFP); Pirambu, Assentamento Sao Sebastião , –10.74, –36.86, 13 May 2011, D.M. Oliveira 73 (ASE); Pirambu, Margem Lagoa do Sangradouro, 51 m, –10.68, –36.80, 25 May 2012, A.P. Prata 2961 (ASE); Poço Redondo, Serra da Guia , –9.81, –37.68, 30 May 2010, W.J. Machado, 419 (ASE); Poço Redondo, Serra da Guia , –9.81, –37.68, 16 December 2010, W.J. Machado 1077 (ASE); Poço Verde, –10.71, –38.18, 26 January 2011, E.V.R. Ferreira 225 (ASE); São Cristóvão, Mata em frente ao Campus às margens do Rio Poxim, 47 m, –11.01, –37.21, 22 March 2010, D.S. Melo 113 (ASE); São Cristóvão, Campus UFS , Rio Poxim, –10.91, –37.16, 9 April 1996, M.F. Landim 903 (ASE); São Cristóvão , próximo ao Campus Universitário, 23 September 1986, R.P. Lyra-Lemos 1230 (MAC!); Simão Dias, Assentamento Maria Bonita, –10.74, –37.81, 13 August 2010, A.P. Prata 2479 (ASE).

Figures

FIGURE 19. Syagrus coronata. A. Palm from Bahia with Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz. B. Habit of species at MBC. C. Pentagonal stem with short compacted internodes. D. Crown with leaves in distinct rows. E. Pseudopetioles with flat, woody leaf sheath fibers. F. Inflorescence with pistillate flowers. G. Close up of receptive pistillate flowers. H. Open staminate flowers. I. Infructescence. J. Immature fruits approaching mature size.

FIGURE 20. Distribution maps of Syagrus coronata, S. deflexa, S. duartei, S. elata, S. emasensis and S. evansiana.