Nemoura arctica Esben-Petersen, 1910

Grubbs, Scott A., Baumann, Richard W. & Burton, David K., 2018, Nearctic Nemoura Trispinosa Claassen, 1923 And N. Rickeri Jewett, 1971 Are Junior Synonyms Of Holarctic Nemoura Species (Plecoptera: Nemouridae), Illiesia 14 (3), pp. 44-64 : 48-52

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761204
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:66C4E575-ABF5-4B81-9132-0D771B52D68
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4763863
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A03716-FFF9-AF08-FE86-FBF626F62CC3
treatment provided by	Felipe (2021-05-14 06:04:47, last updated 2024-11-28 05:21:39)
scientific name	Nemoura arctica Esben-Petersen, 1910
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Treatment

Nemoura arctica Esben-Petersen, 1910 View in CoL

Arctic Forestfly ( Figs. 1–52 View Figs View Figs View Figs View Figs View Figs View Figs View Figs )

http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Plecoptera .speciesfile.org: TaxonName:6232

Nemoura arctica Esben-Petersen 1910:85 View in CoL .

Holotype ♂, Type locality – Karasjok , Norway

Nemoura trispinosa Claassen 1923:289 View in CoL .

Holotype ♂, Type locality – Mud Creek, Tompkins Co., New York. New synonym (Holotype ♂ examined)

Nemoura trispinosa: Needham & Claassen 1925:213 View in CoL . Nemoura arctica: Claassen 1940:50 View in CoL .

Nemoura trispinosa: Claassen 1940:64 View in CoL .

Nemoura trispinosa: Frison 1942:261 View in CoL

Nemoura arctica: Koponen & Brinck 1949:7 View in CoL .

Nemoura trispinosa: Weber 1950:175 View in CoL .

Nemoura arctica: Brinck 1952:107 View in CoL .

Nemoura trispinosa: Harden & Mickel 1952:19 View in CoL . Nemoura (Nemoura) arctica: Ricker 1952:36 View in CoL .

Nemoura arctica: Zhiltzova 1964:187 View in CoL .

Nemoura arctica: Illies 1966:194 View in CoL .

Nemoura trispinosa: Illies 1966:214 View in CoL .

Nemoura arctica: Lillehammer 1972a:163 View in CoL .

Nemoura trispinosa: Lillehammer 1972a:163 View in CoL .

Nemoura arctica: Zwick 1973a:332 View in CoL .

Nemoura trispinosa: Zwick 1973a:342 View in CoL .

Nemoura arctica: Lillehammer 1974a:82 View in CoL .

Nemoura arctica: Baumann 1975:21 View in CoL .

Nemoura trispinosa: Baumann 1975:21 View in CoL .

Nemoura arctica: Baumann et al. 1977:34 View in CoL .

Nemoura arctica: Lillehammer 1988:113 View in CoL .

Nemoura arctica: Zhiltzova 2003:266 View in CoL .

Nemoura arctica: Kondratieff & Baumann 2004:114 View in CoL . Nemoura arctica: Stewart & Oswood 2006:78 View in CoL .

Nemoura arctica: Judson & Nelson 2012:33 View in CoL .

Distribution. Canada: AB, BC, LB, MB, NB, NS, NT, NU, ON, PE, PQ, YK. Europe: Baltic States, Finland, Norway, Sweden. Mongolia. Russia East, Russia North, West Siberia. USA: AK, IA, IL, ME, MI, NY, OH, PA, SD, WI, WY ( DeWalt et al. 2018).

New Canadian province and USA state records.

Canada, Saskatchewan, stream at Promontory Campground, 15 miles north of La Rouge, junction Hwy 102, 21-VI-1976, L.M. Dosdall, 4♂, 2♀; Puskwakau River, Hwy 106, 30-V-1976, L.M. Dosdall, 1♂. USA, Minnesota ( Harden & Mickel 1952, their pp. 19–20). New Hampshire, Coös Co., Lakes of the Clouds, White Mountains, 20 June 1951, C.P. Alexander, 1♂ (USNM); Grafton Co., Franconia, A. T. Slosson, no date information, 1♂ (USNM; Ac #26226). West Virginia, Tucker Co., Abe Run, Canaan Valley State Park, 28 May 1993, S.M. Clark, 1♀ ( BYU).

Diagnosis.

Cercus. Highly variable. Adults of N. arctica and N. trispinosa have been previously differentiated by a combination of cercal characteristics (males) and body size and distribution (females) ( Ricker 1952). Male cerci are sclerotized laterally and terminate typically in a pair of appressed spines that vary in length and degree of tapering ( Figs. 1–16 View Figs View Figs ), plus a third unit that is highly variable and has been used for the past ca. 65 years to separate males of N. arctica and N. trispinosa ( Ricker 1952) . Lillehammer (1972a) later illustrated cerci as either lacking ( N. arctica , his Fig. 4b View Figs ) or possessing a distinct ( N. trispinosa , his Fig. 4a View Figs ) spine. Ricker’s (1952, p. 36) key to N. trispinosa males focused on “…the outer edge of the cercus produced into a slender acute spine… may be forked once or twice at the tip”. This feature is common in North America and shown here clearly for populations from Iowa ( Fig. 1 View Figs ),

Illinois ( Fig. 2 View Figs ), Ohio ( Fig. 3 View Figs ), Wisconsin ( Fig. 4 View Figs ), South Dakota ( Fig. 5 View Figs ), Wyoming ( Fig. 6 View Figs ), and New Brunswick ( Fig. 8 View Figs ), and also from Siberia ( Fig. 12 View Figs ), Norway ( Fig. 13 View Figs ) and Mongolia ( Fig. 16 View Figs ). The spine, however, varies in width and degree of tapering, For example, males from South Dakota have an outer spine that is rectangular, not “slender”, and crenulated distally ( Fig. 5 View Figs ). Nemoura arctica was separated out by Ricker (1952) as the “…outer edge of the cercus bordered by a crenulate shelf or ridge”. No form of a spine is evident for populations studied from North America from Saskatchewan ( Fig. 7 View Figs ), Manitoba ( Fig. 9 View Figs ), and the Northwest Territories ( Figs. 10–11 View Figs ) plus Norway ( Fig. 14 View Figs ) and Mongolia ( Fig. 15 View Figs ). Overall, there is sufficient variability (e.g. forked vs. crenulated; tapered or not) to strongly suggest that the male cercus does not provide objective, diagnostic information to support N. trispinosa as distinct from N. arctica .

Epiproct. Males exhibit consistency with epiproct shape and characteristics across the Holarctic with only minor differences between individuals. In lateral aspect, the basal cushion occupies the anterior ca. ½ and is separated from the dorsal sclerite by smooth lateral areas ( Figs. 17–24 View Figs ). The lateral areas vary in thickness but are consistently recurved slightly over the distal medial portion of the basal cushion. The dorsal sclerite appears scaly at high magnifications, especially at the distal tips ( Figs. 41–52 View Figs View Figs ). The dorsal sclerite is open apically, exposing parallel, broad, hatchet-like apical prongs of the ventral sclerite ( Figs. 25–40 View Figs View Figs ) and prominent, scaly, apical prongs positioned ca. perpendicular to the ridges ( Figs. 41–52 View Figs View Figs ). The prongs terminate laterally bearing two short, thick, grooved spines (e.g. Figs. 42, 45 View Figs , 49, 52 View Figs ).

Comments. Nemoura trispinosa is placed in synonymy with N. arctica due to consistencies in epiproct characteristics across the Holarctic, particularly the paired apical prongs of the ventral sclerite ( Figs. 41–52 View Figs View Figs ). In contrast, cercal spine characteristics are highly variable and do not provide objective, diagnostic information. Even males from the same geographic entity (e.g. Mongolia, Figs. 15–16 View Figs ) exhibit different cercal forms. Lillehammer (1972a, his Fig. 25.4 View Figs ) previously illustrated several different cercal forms from Norway.

Geographic notes. Holarctic: Scandinavia east across Asia; east to Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut. South in Europe to Latvia and in far eastern Asia to Mongolia and Siberia. South in North America to Wyoming and South Dakota east across the Great Lakes region to Atlantic Canada, with relictual southern populations in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Additional notable references include Ricker (1944, 1964), Brinck (1958), Ulfstrand (1969), Jewett (1971), Lillehammer (1974, 1985, 1986, 1988), Harper (1973), Flannagan & Flannagan (1982), Burton (1984), Stewart et al. (1990), Harper & Ricker (1994), Stewart & Ricker (1997), Huntsman et al. (1999), Teslenko & Bazova (2009), Walters et al. (2009), Zhou et al. (2010), Boumans (2011), Boumans & Brittain (2012), Surenkhorloo et al. (2012), Dosdall & Giberson (2014), Kendrick & Huryn (2014), and Potikha (2015).

References

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Boumans, L. 2011. The Plecoptera collection at the Natural History Museum in Oslo. Illiesia, 7: 280 - 290.

Boumans, L. & J. E. Brittain. 2012. Faunistics of stoneflies (Plecoptera) in Finnmark, northern Norway, including DNA barcoding of Nemouridae. Norwegian Journal of Entomology, 59: 196 - 215.

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Brinck, P. 1958. On some stoneflies recorded from Nowaya Zemlya. Norske videnskaps-akademi, Matematisk-naturvidenskapelig klasse, 2: 1 - 11.

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Figures

Figs. 1–8. Nemoura arctica, cerci, distal view. 1, USA, Iowa, Twin Springs, 545X; 2, USA, Illinois, Elgin, 516X; 3, USA, Ohio, John Bryan State Park, 518X; 4, USA, Wisconsin, spring, 1 mile N Irvington, 509X; 5, USA, South Dakota, Burnt Fork, 497X; 6, USA, Wyoming, Blacktail Creek, 584X; 7, Canada, Saskatchewan, Promontory Campground, 605X; 8, Canada, New Brunswick, Coombs Brook, 591X.

Figs. 9–16. Nemoura arctica, cerci, distal view. 9, Canada, Manitoba, Warkworth Creek, 773X; 10, Canada, Northwest Territories, Thelon River, 636X; 11, Canada, Northwest Territories, Tuktoyaktuk, 612X; 12, Russia, Siberia, Magadan Oblask, 486X; 13, Norway, Buktved Garnvika, 443X; 14, Norway, Kautokeino, 431X; 15, Mongolia, Khoton Lake, 675X; 16, Mongolia, Tsagaaan Lake, 646X.

Figs. 17–24. Nemoura arctica, epiproct, lateral view. 17, USA, Iowa, Twin Springs, 270X; 18, Canada, New Brunswick, Coombs Brook, 288X; 19, Canada, Northwest Territories, Thelon River, 285X; 20, Canada, Northwest Territories, Tuktoyaktuk, 328X; 21, Russia, Siberia, Magadan Oblask, 271X; 22, Norway, Buktved Garnvika, 286X; 23, Norway, Kautokeino, 316X; 24, Mongolia, Khoton Lake, 276X. AP = apical prong, BC = basal cushion, DS = dorsal sclerite, LA = lateral areas, VS = ventral sclerite.

Figs. 25–32. Nemoura arctica, epiproct, dorsal view. 25, USA, Iowa, Twin Springs, 141X; 26, USA, Illinois, Elgin, 165X; 27, USA, Ohio, spring, John Bryan State Park, 144X; 28, USA, Wisconsin, spring, 1 mile N Irvington, 132X; 29, USA, South Dakota, Burnt Fork, 140X; 30, USA, South Dakota, Burnt Fork, 229X; 31, Canada, Prince Edward Island, Balsam Hollow, 163X; 32, Canada, New Brunswick, Coombs Brook, 168X. AP = apical prong, BC = basal cushion, DS = dorsal sclerite, LA = lateral area, VS = ventral sclerite.

Figs. 33–40. Nemoura arctica, epiproct, dorsal view. 33, Canada, Saskatchewan, Promontory Campground, 187X; 34, Canada, Northwest Territories, Thelon River, 282X; 35, Canada, Northwest Territories, Tuktoyaktuk, 267X; 36, Norway, Buktved Garnvika, 321X; 37, Norway, Kautokeino, 278X; 38, Russia, Siberia, Magadan Oblask, 206X; 39, Mongolia, Khoton Lake, 277X; 40, Mongolia, Tsagaaan Lake, 281X. AP = apical prong, BC = basal cushion, DS = dorsal sclerite, LA = lateral area, VS = ventral sclerite.

Figs. 41–46. Nemoura arctica, epiproct, dorsal view. 41, USA, Iowa, Twin Springs, 584X; 42, USA, Illinois, Elgin, 519X; 43, USA, South Dakota, Burnt Fork, 669X; 44, Canada, Saskatchewan, Promontory Campground, 1056X; 45, Canada, New Brunswick, Coombs Brook, 770X; 46, Canada, Prince Edward Island, Balsam Hollow, 695X. AP = apical prong.

Figs. 47–52. Nemoura arctica, epiproct, dorsal view. 47, Canada, Northwest Territories, Thelon River, 1161X; 48, Russia, Siberia, Magadan Oblask, 1204X; 49, Norway, Buktved Garnvika, 751X; 50, Norway, Kautokeino, 809X; 51, Mongolia, Khoton Lake, 598X; 52, Mongolia, Tsagaaan Lake, 969X. AP = apical prong.