Diastrophini, Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander and Ronquist, 2015

Buffington, Matthew L., Forshage, Mattias, Liljeblad, Johan, Tang, Chang-Ti & Noort, Simon van, 2020, World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher- Level Groups, Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (4), No. 1, pp. 1-69 : 42

Diastrophini

Figs. 205–207

This tribe, circumscribed in Ronquist et al. (2015), contains the gallers Diastrophus and Xestophanes , formerly included in the tribe Aylacini , and the inquilines Periclistus and Synophromorpha , formerly included in the Synergini . Both the gallers and the inquilines are associated with host plants in the family Rosaceae . With respect to the inquilines, this appears to be a case of agastoparasitism, where the inquiline of a gall inducer is a close relative. Hence, including these inquilines in Synergini rendered that tribe paraphyletic.

Biology. Species are associated with Rosaceae (Rosa, Rubus) , with both gall-inducers ( Diastrophus , Xestophanes ) or inquilines (Perclistus, Synophromorpha ). A very common host plant are species of Rubus . Records of association with the monocot Smilax ( Ashmead 1896, Ronquist et al. 2015) are probably erroneous ( Buffington and Gates, pers. obs.).

Distribution. Holarctic, transgressing into the Neotropics.

Relevant literature. Tribe is circumscribed and diagnosed in Ronquist et al. (2015). Ronquist (1994) first investigated the group phylogenetically and recognized the Aylacini where these genera previously were classified) as paraphyletic. Ritchie and Shorthouse (1987) revised Synophromorpha .

Classification.

Diastrophini Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander and Ronquist, 2015

Diastrophus Hartig, 1840 ; 19 species NA, PA, NT

Periclistus Förster, 1869 ; 16 species NA, PA

Synophromorpha Ashmead, 1903 ; 6 species NA, ePA Xestophanes Förster, 1869 ; 4 species PA, ePA