Phanacidini, Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander & Ronquist, 2015

Buffington, Matthew L., Forshage, Mattias, Liljeblad, Johan, Tang, Chang-Ti & Noort, Simon van, 2020, World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher- Level Groups, Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (4), No. 1, pp. 1-69 : 47

Phanacidini

Figs. 219 –222

Much like the Aulacideini , members of Phanacidini are herb gallers on Asteraceae . The phylogenetic analysis of Ronquist et al. (2015) found these species, previously included in Aylacini , rendered that tribe polyphyletic. Hence, these species were removed into the novel tribe Phanacidini .

Biology. Mostly stem gall inducers on Asteraceae , with a few species on Lamiaceae and Apiaceae .

Distribution. Palearctic Region, most species in arid Southwest & Central Asia. Phanacis recorded from Kenya presumably introduced; intentionally introduced into Australia and South Africa for weed biological control.

Relevant literature. Ronquist et al. (2015) is the most recent treatment of the group; Ronquist (1995b, 1999) discusses issues with the placement of genera now found in this tribe.

Classification.

Phanacidini Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander & Ronquist, 2015

Asiocynips Kovalev, 1982 ; 4 species central Asia Diakontschukia Melika 2006 ; 1 species ePA

Phanacis Förster, 1869 ; 30 species PA, introduced AT, NA Zerovia Dyakontshuk, 1988 ; 1 species central Asia