Hexacladia lemosae, Machado & Costa & Noyes & Lemos & Costa & Mondego, 2024

Machado, Keneson Klay Gonçalves, Costa, Valmir Antonio, Noyes, John, Lemos, Raimunda Nonata Santos de, Costa, Elizabeth Araújo & Mondego, Janaina Marques, 2024, New species of Hexacladia Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of Tibraca limbativentris Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20230039) 68 (1), pp. 1-6 : 2-4

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2023-0039
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E878E-FFE0-5B36-FCCC-FC5CFAC354EF
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Hexacladia lemosae
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Hexacladia lemosae Costa, Noyes & Machado sp. nov.

ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:20169A5D-0AEA-42C0-B417-0FBE1CBE2B5E

GenBank sequence OP586619

( Figs. 1 View Figure 1 A-1F/2A-2E)

Diagnosis. Female:length about 2.36–2.80 mm.Head and mesosoma varying from largely yellowish orange to brown ( Figs. 1A, 1B View Figure 1 ), with mesoscutum and scutellum slightly paler. Fore wing ( Fig. 1C View Figure 1 ) with an incomplete, slender fascia from parastigma and a broader, median fascia which hardly reaches posterior wing margin and is connected to a subapical fuscous area,the margins of which are more or less equidistant from wing margin.Hind tarsus honey-yellow.Gaster varying from yellowish orange, with brownish areas dorsally, to entirely brown; gonostylus same colour as the surrounding area of gaster, or paler in some darker specimens. Funicle with dorsal setae on F1 and F2 not flattened, gradually tapering and virtually straight ( Fig. 1D View Figure 1 ); linear sensilla present on F2–F6; F6 not wider than clava.Mesoscutum with scattered, uniform setae; sculpture on mesoscutum clearly shallower than on scutellum.Fore wing ( Figs.1A, 1B View Figure 1 ) reaches near cerci level on specimens whose gaster is not dehydrated; marginal fringe present and complete;costal cell both dorsally and ventrally with 19–23 setae; cubital vein track with 1–8 setae, subcubital vein track with 1–5 setae; stigmal vein of fore wing 0.6× as long as marginal vein; postmarginal vein 1.2× stigmal vein;setae below parastigma relatively stout and bristle-like; posterior margin strongly sinuous opposite submarginal vein. Hypopygium ( Fig. 1E View Figure 1 ) apically with lateral projections long and distinct so that median invagination is narrower than length of each projection;median incision in hypopygium relatively broad, ∩ -shaped and not gradually tapering, but with an abrupt, angular protuberance about halfway along inner margin of each lateral process. Ovipositor ( Fig. 1F View Figure 1 ) about as long as mid tibia; outer plate with a line of 4 setae along inner margin near apex; gonostylus not exserted.

Female (holotype): length 2.61mm (CPD-Critical Point Drier).

Head brown, paler on lower face. Radicle yellowish brown, scape yellowish brown, dorsal margin dark brown; pedicel brown, apex and venter slightly paler; funicle dark brown, clava dark brown. Mesosoma varying from largely yellowish orange to brown with mesoscutum and scutellum slightly paler, and mesopleuron slightly darker ( Figs. 1A, 1B View Figure 1 ). Fore wing ( Fig. 1C View Figure 1 ) with an incomplete, slender fascia from parastigma and a broader, median fascia which hardly reaches posterior wing margin and is connected to a subapical fuscous area, the margins of which are more or less equidistant from wing margin. Hind tarsus honey-yellow. Gaster varying from yellowish orange, with brownish areas dorsally, to entirely brown ( Figs. 1A, 1B View Figure 1 ); gonostylus same color as the surrounding area of gaster, or paler in some darker specimens.

Head with fine, shallow, imbricate-reticulate sculpture, very shallow and smooth, polygonally reticulate in ocellar area.Anterior ocellus more or less connected to antennal toruli by a very shallow groove that does not reach toruli; ocellar angle about 105°. Eye separated from occipital margin by about 0.4× its own length, clothed with sparse, inconspicuous, short, pale setae, each about as long as a facet. Frontovertex and face with numerous conspicuous, semi-erect setae, each about as long as diameter of anterior ocellus. Antenna with dorsal setae on F1 and F2 not flattened ( Fig.1D View Figure 1 ), gradually tapering and virtually straight; funicle with linear sensilla on F2–F6. Relative measurements: HW 97, HH 73, FV 56, ODP 5, POL 19, OOL 31, OCL 2, AOL 11, OEL 18, EL 41, EW 30, MS 19, TMM 32, TAO 20; SL 62, SW 9.

Mesosoma with fine, imbricate-reticulate sculpture on mesoscutum generally of similar mesh size to that on frontovertex, anterior part of mesoscutum with smaller mesh than eye facet, laterally and posteriorly mesh slightly larger than eye facet. Anterior part of axilla with coarse, imbricate-reticulate sculpture that is deeper than that on mesoscutum, posterior part smooth and shiny. Scutellum with coarse, imbricate-reticulate sculpture that is clearly deeper than that on mesoscutum; scutellum evenly and moderately convex in profile, most strongly convex in apical one-third or so. Setae on disc of mesoscutum and scutellum erect and about as long as those on frontovertex; apical setae on scutellum about 1.5× as long as those on mesoscutum. Mid basitarsus with a line of about 10 ventral pegs. Fore wing venation and setation as on Fig. 1C View Figure 1 ; costal cell dorsally with about 7 setae medially and 1 or 2 near at apex and ventrally with about 13 or 14 setae in distal half, otherwise naked; stigmal vein about 0.5–0.6× as long as marginal vein; postmarginal vein 1.3× as long as than stigmal vein; basal cell naked apart from the group of bristles below the parastigma, with a group of 4 setae below this and 4 setae tracking the cubital vein, and 5 setae ventrally tracking the subcubital vein; linea calva broad and usually open posteriorly, occasionally interrupted in the middle; basal cell naked but for a group of dense bristle-like setae below parastigma and about 1–5 finer setae ventrally tracking subcubital vein; marginal and postmarginal veins combined with 25 bristle-like setae dorsally; marginal fringe present and complete; posterior margin strongly sinuous opposite submarginal vein; fore wing 1.1× as long as length of mesosoma.Propodeum with about 9–12 setae scattered outside spiracle, each about as long as diameter of spiracle. Relative measurements: FWL 119, FWW 43, HWL 105, HWW 31, MM 108.

Hypopygium ( Fig. 1E View Figure 1 ) reaching apex of gaster, apex with a deep, median invagination and a pair of slender, lateral curved posterior processes, each about as long as mid tibial spur; median incision in hypopygium relatively broad, ∩ -shaped and not gradually tapering, but with an abrupt, angular protuberance about halfway along inner margin of each lateral process. Ovipositor ( Fig. 1F View Figure 1 ) about as long as mid tibia; outer plate with a line of four setae along inner margin near apex; gonostylus not exserted.Relative measurements: OL 86 [MT 77].

Variation. Female with head, mesosoma, gaster, antennae and legs varying from largely yellowish orange to brown ( Figs. 1A, 1B View Figure 1 ), with mesoscutum and scutellum slightly paler and mesopleura slightly darker; in air-dried yellowish specimens the gaster becomes dark brown. Fore wing with costal cell both dorsally and ventrally with 17–21 setae in the middle of costal cell and 0–2 at apex, with 1–5 setae tracking the cubital vein and 0–5 setae tracking the subcubital vein.

Male: length 2.03–2.53 (n = 10). Similar to female ( Fig. 2A View Figure 2 ) except for following: fore wing 1.5–1.7× as long as length of mesosoma; costal cell with 28–36 setae, setae adjacent to the group of bristles below the parastigma are much more numerous and dense ( Fig. 2B View Figure 2 ), 0–1 seta tracking the subcubital vein ventrally, stigmal vein with three or four placoid sensilla. Antenna with funicle segments longer than broad and all with an elongate dorsal branch; F1 the shortest funicle segment, F5 the longest; clava longer than any of the funicle segments; branch of F1 4.0–4.4× as long as F1 and longer than F1 and F2 together; branch of F6 0.5–0.8× length of F6. Ratio length:width of the antennal segments: scape 46:8, pedicel 7:7, F1 10:5, F2 15:4, F3 16:4, F4 21:4, F5 23:4, F6 22:4, Clava 37:7. Relative measurements: FWL 146, FWW 59, HWL 110, HWW 36, MM 95. Genitalia as in Fig. 2C View Figure 2 .

Hosts. Recorded as a gregarious endoparasitoid of adult Tibraca limbativentris Stål ( Hemiptera : Pentatomidae ) ( Fig. 2E View Figure 2 ), occasionally of nymphs.

Distribution. Brazil, state of Maranhão.

Material Examined

Type material. HOLOTYPE ♀: BRASIL, MA, Miranda do Norte , 03°34’09”S, 44°34’45”W, Ex adulto Tibraca limbativentris em Oryza sativa, 02.vi.2012 (K.K.G. Machado) ( MZUSP) GoogleMaps . Paratypes: 10 ♀: same data as holotype ( MZUSP) GoogleMaps ; 1 ♀, same data as holotype but collected on 03.v.2014 GoogleMaps ; 3 ♂, Matões do Norte , 03°37’51”S, 44°33’11”W, Ex Tibraca limbativentris em Oryza sativa, 10.viii.2012 (K.K.G. Machado) ( MZUSP) GoogleMaps ; 2 ♀, same data but collected on 10.viii.2013 ( MZUSP) GoogleMaps ; 2 ♀, same data but collected on 30.viii.2014 ( MZUSP) GoogleMaps ; 1 ♀, 2 ♂, same data but collected on 31.v.2015 ( MZUSP) GoogleMaps ; 8 ♀, 4 ♂, Santa Rita , [03º08’37”S, 44º19’32”W], Ex Tibraca limbativentris em Oryza sativa, 13.v.2012 (K.K.G. Machado) ( NHMUK) GoogleMaps ; 1 ♀, Viana , [03°13’14”S, 45°00’13”W], Ex Tibraca limbativentris em Oryza sativa, 11.iv.2017 (K.K.G. Machado) ( MZUSP) GoogleMaps .

Etymology. The species was named in honor of Professor Raimunda Nonata Santos de Lemos, former advisor of the first author, for her long career dedicated to alternative pest control in agriculture.