Sanmai xuni Chen, Zhang, and B. Wang, 2016

Chen, Jun, Zhang, Haichun, Wang, Bo, Zheng, Yan, Wang, Xiaoli & Zheng, Xiaoting, 2016, New Jurassic tettigarctid cicadas from China with a novel example of disruptive coloration, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61 (4), pp. 853-862 : 858-859

Sanmai xuni Chen, Zhang, and B. Wang sp. nov.

Fig. 4 .

Etymology: In reference to the family name of Xuncius (Xun Tsy), one of the sages of Confucianism.

Type material: Holotype, STMN48-1803, well-preserved adult female in lateral aspect with overlapped wings at the top of the body. Paratypes, STMN48-1804, well-preserved adult female in lateral aspect with overlapped wings at the top of the body; STMN48-1805, well-preserved adult female in lateral aspect with overlapped wings at the top of the body.

Type locality: Daohugou Village, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China.

Type horizon: Upper Middle–lower Upper Jurassic Daohugou beds.

Diagnosis. —Compound eye oval or semicircular in lateral view. Flagellum aristiform, with five segments visible. Ovipositor ensiform, upcurved, adpressed to pygofer extended just below anal tube. Forewing length/width ratio> 3; RA 1 long; RP sinuous near nodal line but not fused with the latter; M 1+2 short and nearly straight; u3 about 0.26 wing length; CuA bifurcating just beyond nodal line; distal section of CuA 2 running along wing margin.

Description.— Holotype STMN48-1803: Body 25.2 mm long including forewing in repose. Compound eye large, nearly oval in lateral view. Antenna with scape slightly thicker than pedicel, flagellum aristiform, with segments invisible. Postclypeus swollen, greatly inflated. Rostrum extending beyond hindcoxae,nearlytoapexofhindfemur.Pronotumexpanded, anterior half with tiny granular protuberances and posterior area transversely rugose. Mesonotum partly exposed, with posterior one-third area transversely rugose. Femora with tiny granules (or bases of thick setae?); tibiae densely setose, with distinct ridges. Fore femur strong; fore tibia slender. Mid femur much slenderer than the latter. Hind femur strong, but slender than fore femora. Ovipositor ensiform, upcurved.

Forewing length about 21.5 mm, width about 6.4 mm. Dark membrane colored with light and irregular speckles and longitudinal stripes. Costal area long and narrow, with anterior area partly missing. Clavus long, with ratio of length to width about 4.8. Nodal line distinct. Eight apical cells. Stem ScP+R+M+CuA thick, bifurcating into ScP+R and M+CuA at basal 0.21 wing length. Stem ScP+R straight, bifurcating into ScP+RA and RP at basal 0.32 wing length. RA with two terminations; RA 1 long; RA 2 geniculate at junction with crossvein ir, subparallel to RA 1. RP sinuous near nodal line but not fused with the latter, slightly curved at junction with crossvein ir. Stem M+CuA bifucating just beyond junction with crossvein cua-cup. Stem M straight, bifurcating into M 1+2 and M 3+4 basal of middle of wing wing length. u3 about 0.26 wing length. Vein M 1+2 nearly straight, bifurcating at about basal 0.66 wing length. Vein M 3+4 simple, connected with M 2 by crossvein im. Stem CuA long and sinuous, bifurcating into CuA 1 and CuA 2 just beyond nodal line. CuA 1 long, geniculate at junction with crossvein m-cua. Distal section of CuA2 running along wing margin. CuP long and straight. A 1 nearly straight. A 2 short and strongly curved.

Paratype STMN48-1804: Fore tarsus with basitarsomere slightly longer than mid and apical tarsomeres; one well-developed claw visible. Ovipositor ensiform, upcurved, adpressed to pygofer, extended just below anal tube. Body length as preserved 23.5 mm including forewing in repose. Forewing length as preserved 20.9 mm, width as preserved 6.1 mm; coloration pattern and venation in general as in holotype. Hindwing venation partly preserved. RP simple, curved at junction with crossvein r-m, and recurved at junction with crossvein ir. Stem M with three terminations; M 1+2 unbranched. Crossvein m-cua long, connecting M 4 just beyond its departure from M 3+4. CuA two-branched; CuA 1 and CuA 2 long .

Paratype STMN48-1805: Body 25.4 mm long including forewing in repose. Compound eye large, nearly semicircular in lateral view. Antenna with scape slightly thicker than pedicel, flagellum aristiform, with five segments visible. Rostrum long, with a distinct ridge. Hind tibia with two lateral spines. Ovipositor ensiform, upcurved, adpressed to pygofer. Forewing length about 22.3 mm, width as preserved 6.2 mm; coloration pattern and venation in general as in holotype.

Remarks. —The new species differs from S. kongi Chen, Zhang, and B. Wang sp. nov. and S. mengi Chen, Zhang, and B. Wang sp. nov. in possessing length/width ratio>3; RP sinuous near nodal line but not fused with the latter for tegmen.

Stratigraphic and geographic range. —Upper Middle–lower Upper Jurassic; Daohugou Village, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China.

Figures

Fig. 4. Hairy cicada Sanmai xuni sp. nov. from the upper Middle–lower Upper Jurassic Daohugou beds. A. Holotype STMN48-1803. Photograph (A1), explanatory drawing (A2), enlargement of head (A3). B. Paratype STMN48-1804. Photograph (B1), explanatory drawing of hind wing (B2, horizontal mirror), photomicrograph of ovipositor and pygofer (B3). C. Paratype STMN48-1805. Photograph (C1); photomicrograph of antenna, showing segments of flagellum arrowheads) (C2); photomicrograph of part of rostrum (C3). Abbreviations: CuA, anterior branch of the cubitus vein; M, media vein; RA, anterior branch of the radial vein; RP, posterior branch of the radial vein.