Sanmai Chen, Zhang, and B. Wang

Chen, Jun, Zhang, Haichun, Wang, Bo, Zheng, Yan, Wang, Xiaoli & Zheng, Xiaoting, 2016, New Jurassic tettigarctid cicadas from China with a novel example of disruptive coloration, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61 (4), pp. 853-862 : 855

Genus Sanmai Chen, Zhang, and B. Wang nov.

Etymology: From Mandarin san, three, and mai, branch; referring to vein M three-branched on forewing.

Type species: Sanmai kongi Chen, Zhang, and B. Wang , sp. nov., designated herein; see below.

Included species: Sanmai kongi Chen, Zhang, and B. Wang sp. nov. (the type species); S. mengi Chen, Zhang, and B. Wang , sp. nov.; S. xuni Chen, Zhang, and B. Wang sp. nov.

Diagnosis. —Postclypeus swollen. Compound eye large, oval or semicircular in lateral view. Antenna with scape slightly thicker than pedicel; flagellum aristiform, with five segments. Pronotum expanded, anterior half with tiny granular protuberances and posterior area transversely rugose. Mesonotum partly exposed, with posterior one-third area transversely rugose. Femora with tiny granules (or bases of thick setae?); tibiae densely setose, with distinct ridges, hind tibia with two lateral spines; tarsidensely setose, with three tarsomeres; claws well-developed. Ovipositor ensiform, upcurved, adpressed to pygofer extended just below anal tube. Forewing with dark membrane colored with light and irregular speckles and longitudinal stripes (coloration pattern not preserved for S. mengi ); apical cells eight; R bifurcating at about basal one-third wing length; RP fused with nodal line for a distance or sinuous near nodal line; M three-branched; M 3+4 unbranched; CuA bifurcating just beyond nodal line; distal section of CuA 2 running along wing margin. Hindwing with M three-branched and M 1+2 simple. Remarks. —Based on information from forewings, Shcherbakov (2009) divided Tettigarctidae into subfamilies Cicadoprosbolinae and Tettigarctinae , each with three tribes respectively. Sanmai gen. nov., possessing an elliptical forewing with broad costal area and clavus, undoubtedly belongs to the subfamily Cicadoprosbolinae . The new genus is similar to Architettix Hamilton, 1990 in having a forewing with vein M three-branched, but differs from the latter in possessing a forewing with R bifurcated far away from nodal line, RA with two terminations, and CuA 2 fused with nodal line. In addition, forewing with three-branched M vein makes the new genus and Architettix different from all other fossil and extant tettigarctids.

Stratigraphic and geographic range. —Upper Middle– lower Upper Jurassic Daohugou beds; Daohugou Village, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China