Callichroma euthalia Bates, 1879

Santos-Silva, Antonio & Schmid, Herbert, 2021, Revalidation, synonymies, and notes in American Callichromatini (Coleoptera Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae), Zootaxa 5071 (4), pp. 579-586 : 581

Callichroma euthalia Bates, 1879

Callichroma euthalia Bates, 1879: 403 ; Lameere, 1883: 35 (cat.); 1893: 274 (distr.); Ross, 1910: 62 (cat.); Aurivillius, 1912: 311; Blackwelder, 1946: 578 (checklist); Villiers, 1972: 21 (lect.).

Schwarzerion euthalia ; Schmidt, 1924: 388; Podaný, 1965: 39; Giesbert, 1998: 63 (reval.); Monné, 2005: 36 (cat.); Monné & Hovore, 2006: 31 (checklist).

Callichroma euthalium ; Napp & Martins, 2009: 344; Monné, 2021: 37 (cat.).

Schwarzerion carinatum Schmidt, 1924: 387 ; Blackwelder, 1946: 579 (checklist). Podaný, 1965: 39. Syn. nov.

Schwarzerion holochlorum holochlorum (part); Demets, 1976: 124, 125 (syn.).

Schmidt (1924) described Schwarzerion carinatum (see photograph of a syntype on Bezark 2021a) in a key as follows (translated): “1” Elytra strongly tomentose; with a glabrous, shiny, metallic band close to elytral suture; sometimes, with a longitudinal, shining carina extending from the humerus to the apex; the space between this carina and the band close to suture is usually more densely tomentose in the form of a more or less distinct longitudinal band,” leading to S. carinatum Schmidt, 1924 and S. euthalia ( Bates, 1879) ; and “1’ Elytra evenly and densely tomentose; the elytral tomentose area almost reaches the suture, where the elytra is glabrous,” leading to S. holochlorum ( Bates, 1872) , S. holochlorum chiriquinum ( Bates, 1879) , S. holochlorum opiparum ( Bates, 1874) , S. holochlorum compressipes ( Casey, 1912) , S. holochlorum regalis ( Casey, 1912) , S. melancholicum ( Bates, 1872) , and S. cyanomelas (White, 1853) [this later not included in the key]; “2” Elytral sutural band broader, shiny light or golden green; the long carina on the disc of the elytra is distinct, more finely tomentose and shinier than its surroundings; the space between the carina and the sutural band, with shape of a longitudinal acute band ending on the apex of the elytra, is more strongly tomentose than the lateral areas. Underside lively shining golden-green, indistinctly whitish pubescent, almost glabrous. Dorsal surface green or golden green; the central band and the basal constriction of the pronotum glabrous and shinier than the densely punctate and irregularly transversely grooved disc; this pubescent as the sides of the elytra. Antennae and legs black; pro- and mesofemoral club, as well as the basal third or half of metafemora red. 26–33 mm.— Colombia (coll. Schw.)—“West indies” (Nepperschmidt Hbg.). carinatum sp. n. ”

According to Schmidt (1924), S. carinatum would differ from S. euthalia (see photograph of the lectotype on Bezark 2021a) by the metallic sutural band of the elytra broad (narrow in S. euthalia ), longitudinal elytral carina distinct and shinier than on its sides (hardly recognizable in S. euthalia ), and ventral surface golden-green, with indistinct whitish setae, almost glabrous (blue-green, with short brownish setae in S. euthalia ). These differences seem to be just variations of the same species. Accordingly, we are transferring S. carinatum from the synonym of S. h. holochlorum to that of S. euthalia .

Although Schmidt (1924) reported that the syntypes of S. carinatum were from Colombia and “West Indies”, they have been reported only as being from Colombia (e.g. Blackwelder 1946; Monné 2021; Tavakilian and Chevillotte 2021). Therefore, the type locality of this species is currently Colombia and West Indies.

Napp & Martins (2009) changed the species group name “euthalia” to “euthalium”, probably because Callichroma is neuter gender. However, Euthalia (from the Greek Ευθαλια) is a feminine proper name. Therefore, it cannot be changed because it is a noun in apposition (ICZN 1999: 31.2.1).

According to Monné (2021) and Tavakilian & Chevillotte (2021), the syntypes of S. carinatum are deposited at the ZMHB. However, they are not there. The syntype (s) from Colombia belonged to former collection of Bernhard Schwarzer; this collection is now deposited at the Senckenberg Museum Frankfurt/M since 1929/31 (Bernd Jaeger, personal communication). The other syntype (s) from West Indies belonged to Mr. Nepperschmidt is(are) neither at the ZMHB, and we do not know where it(they) is(are) currently (Bernd Jaeger, personal communication).

There is a specimen from Peru ( Figs 7–10 ) in the ZMHB collection, which was identified by Schmidt as S. carinatum . It agrees well with the syntype from Colombia, except for the absence of transverse pronotal striae. The identity of this specimen needs to be verified in the future .

Figures

FIGURES 7–12. 7–10) Callichroma sp., male identified by Schmidt as C. carinatum (ZMHB): 7) Dorsal habitus, including entire antennae; 8) Dorsal habitus; 9) Head and pronotum; 10) Labels. 11) Callichroma chiriquina, lectotype male, dorsal habitus (By Jesus Santiago Moure). 12) Callichroma opiparum, holotype male, dorsal habitus (By Jesus Santiago Moure).