Anthribidae, Billberg, 1820

Orellana, Samanta & Barrios, Héctor, 2021, Catalogue of the Anthribidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) of Panama, including new country records and a key to genera, Zootaxa 4904 (1), pp. 1-71 : 65-66

Key to the genera of Anthribidae of Panama

The following key is partially based on Jordan (1906) and Valentine (1960, 1998, 2002). The characters described may vary in species not recorded from Panama.

1. Antennal insertion dorsal ( Fig. 80 ), close to the lower portion of the eyes; scape bent and asymmetrical; club never 4-articulate (SUBFAMILY CHORAGINAE )......................................................................... 2

1’. Antennal insertion lateral ( Fig. 81 ), or if dorsal, far from the lower portion of the eyes and antennal club 4 articulate; scape symmetrical (SUBFAMILY ANTHRIBINAE ).............................................................. 5

SUBFAMILY CHORAGINAE

2(1). Eyes elongate-oval, with the upper edges closer together than the lower, making frons narrower in the upper portion (Tribe Choragini )........................................................................................... 3

2’. Eyes rounded, with the upper edges not closer together than the lower, frons not narrower in the upper portion (Tribe Araecerini ).............................................................................................. 4

3(2). Sides of the prothorax sulcate beneath the lateral carina.............................................. Holostilpna

3’. Sides of the prothorax not sulcate beneath the lateral carina............................................... Dysnos

4(2’). Dorsal carina of prothorax basal; lateral carina of prothorax present ( Fig. 79 )............................... Araecerus

4’. Dorsal carina of prothorax distant from base (antebasal); lateral carina of prothorax absent........................ Neoxenus

SUBFAMILY ANTHRIBINAE

5(1’). Antennal insertions lateral; antennal club 3-articulate ( Fig. 84 )..................................................6

5’. Antennal insertions dorsal; antennal club 4-articulate (Tribe Discotenini )................................. Discotenes

6(5). Lateral carina of prothorax complete, straight ( Fig. 82 ); eyes emarginate (Tribe Basitropini , in part).................... 7

6’. Lateral carina of prothorax incomplete, various shapes ( Fig. 83 ); eyes variable..................................... 8

7(6). Apex of rostrum with rounded or angled mesial sinus ( Figs. 85 , 9 , 15 )..................................... Eugonus

7’. Apex of rostrum without mesial sinus............................................................. Eugonodes

8(6’). Rostrum short and wide, rounded shape in frontal view; antennal insertion foveiform, triangular, encroaching on the lower margin of the eyes ( Fig. 86 ); eyes coarsely faceted; antennae covered with long, erect setae (Tribe Corrhecerini ).......... 9

8’. Rostrum longer, quadrangular to elongate in frontal view; antennal insertion variable, not encroaching on the lower margin of the eyes ( Fig. 87 ); eyes variable; if antenna with long setae, rostrum very elongate................................. 10

9(8). Dorsal carina of prothorax basal, with acute angles ( Figs. 15 , 20 )...................................... Corrhecerus

9’. Dorsal carina of prothorax antebasal ( Figs. 16 , 21 ), with rounded angles................................ Nemotrichus

10(8’). Eyes emarginate, with acute incisions in the lower margin.....................................................11

10’. Eyes not emarginate, oval, truncate, or at most slightly sinuous in the lower margin................................ 14

11(10). Pronotum with basal angles projected; rostrum widened at apex, without mesial sinus; less than 3 mm (Tribe Zygaenodini ) 12

11’. Pronotum with basal angles not projected; rostrum not widened at apex, with rounded mesial sinus; more than 3 mm (Tribe Basitropini , in part) ( Figs. 4-8 , 10-14 )............................................................ Phaenithon

12(11). Dorsal carina of prothorax basal........................................................................ 13

12’. Dorsal carina of prothorax antebasal ( Figs. 73 , 78 ).................................................... Ormiscus

13(12). Dorsal carina of prothorax rounded in the middle; elytra emarginated together at base....................... Eusphyrus

13’. Dorsal carina of prothorax forming an obtuse but distinct angle in the middle; basal margins of each elytron rounded.................................................................................................. Scymnopis 14(10’). Antennal insertion contiguous to the lower margin of the eye................................................. 15

14’. Antennal insertion far from to the lower margin of the eye.................................................... 16

15(14). Rostrum broad in lateral view; mandibles wide, with a strongly toothed ventral cutting edge; antennae short, not reaching the base of elytra; basal margin of pronotum sinuose; without tufts of erect scales on pronotum and elytra ( Fig. 17-19 , 22-24 ) (Tribe Cratoparini )................................................................................... Euparius

15’. Rostrum flattened in lateral view, mandibles flattened, without a toothed ventral cutting edge; antennae long, reaching beyond the base of elytra; basal margin of pronotum straight to feebly sinuose; tufts of erect scales on the pronotum and elytra ( Fig. 61 , 67 ) (Tribe Platystomini )......................................................................... Toxonotus

16(14’).Antennae covered with long, erect setae; rostrum elongate (except S. frontalis Jekel , with a short rostrum), widened at apex, curved in lateral view; posterior dorsal carina of prothorax very close to the base ( Figs. 70-72 , 75-77 ) (Tribe Stenocerini , in part)........................................................................................ Stenocerus

16’. Antennae not covered with very long setae; rostrum variable; posterior dorsal carina of prothorax variable.............. 17

17(16’).Posterior carina of pronotum completely basal or curved, reaching the base only at the lateral margins (Tribe Piesocorynini , in part)............................................................................................... 18

17’. Posterior carina of pronotum completely anterior to the base (antebasal), straight.................................. 20

18(17). Tibia and tarsi of all legs covered with long, erect setae ( Figs. 44, 45 , 49, 50 )............................. Lagopezus

18’. Tibia and tarsi without long erect setae....................................................................19

19(18’).Third antennal segment longer than first (scape) and second (pedicellum) together ( Figs. 51 to 58).......... .. Piesocorynus

19’. Third antennal segment shorter than first and second together.......................................... Piezobarra

20(17’).Basal margin of scutellum below the basal margin of the elytra ( Fig. 88 ) (Tribe Gymnognathini )..................... 21

20’. Basal margin of scutellum at the same level or above the basal margin of the elytra ( Fig. 89 )........................ 22

21(20). Mesial carina of rostrum absent; eyes oblique, sinuous in the upper margin ( Fig. 90 ); pygidium elongate and narrow, with the base not wider than the apex.................................................................... Domoptolis

21’. Mesial carina of rostrum present; eyes somehow parallel, rounded ( Fig. 91 ); pygidium quadrangular or triangular, with the base wider than the apex......................................................................... Gymnognathus

22(20’). Rostrum long, at least 1.5 times longer than wide, subcylindrical or flattened at apex.............................. 23

22’. Rostrum short, quadrangular or wider than long, flattened at apex...............................................26

23(22). Eyes rounded; rostrum flattened, mesial carina absent (Tribe Stenocerini , in part............................ Allandrus

23’. Eyes elliptical or truncate at frontal margin; rostrum subcylindrical or flattened at apex, mesial carina present........... 24

24(23’). Eyes elliptical; rostrum with a mesial carina; elytra with a row of elevated tubercles in the third interspace, usually with tufts of erect setae ( Figs. 41, 42 , 46, 47 ) (Tribe Ischnocerini )............................................. .. Meconemus

24’. Eyes rounded, truncate at frontal margin; rostrum with one to three carinae; elytra variable, with smaller tubercles (Tribe Ptychoderini ).......................................................................................... 25

25(24’) Rostrum with three strong carinae, one mesial and two lateral, occasionally covered by the vestiture ( Figs. 62-64 , 68, 69 )............................................................................................. Ptychoderes

25’. Rostrum with one mesial carina................................................................ Hypselotropis

26(22’).Eyes rounded, coarsely granulate; elytra rounded ( Fig. 43 , 48 ) (Tribe Piesocorynini , in part)........................................................................................... Brevibarra

26’. Eyes oblique, finely granulate; elytra subcylindrical or quadrangular............................................ 27

27(26’). Postbasal carina of prothorax present ( Fig. 92 ).............................................................28

27’. Postbasal carina of prothorax absent..................................................................... 29

28(27). Anterior tibia with a brush-like lobe at apex ( Fig. 93 ); apex of mesosternal process rounded; elytra smooth; eyes almost touching on the inner margin........................................................................... Anthiera

28’. Anterior tibia without brush-like lobe; apex of mesosternal process angulate; elytra with tubercles; eyes not touching on the inner margin ( Figs. 59 , 65 )........................................................................ Strabus

29(27’). Rostrum with mesial carina; coxae rounded ( Figs. 60 , 66 )........................................... Homocloeus

29’. Rostrum without mesial carina; coxae angulate.................................................... .. Monocloeus

Figures

FIGURES 80–83. Species of Anthribidae recorded from Panama, distinctive characters. (Position of antennal insertions): 80. Dorsal (Choraginae). 81, Lateral (Anthribinae). (Lateral carina of prothorax): 82, Complete. 83, Incomplete. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 75–79. Species of Anthribidae recorded from Panama, lateral habitus. (Tribe Stenocerini) 75, Stenocerus angulicollis Jekel. 76, Stenocerus longulus Jekel. 77, Stenocerus frontalis Gyllenhal. (Tribe Zygaenodini) 78, Ormiscus sp. (Tribe Araecerini) 79, Araecerus fasciculatus DeGeer. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURES 84–87. Species of Anthribidae recorded from Panama, distinctive characters. 84, Antennal club 3-articulate. 85, Mesial sinus in rostrum (Eugonus sp.). 86, Antennal insertion foveiform (Corrhecerus sp.). 87, Antennal insertion sulciform (Phaenithon sp.). Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 9–14. Species of Anthribidae recorded from Panama, lateral habitus. (Tribe Basitropini) 9, Eugonus subcylindricus Fahraeus. 10, Phaenithon albosparsus Labram & Imhoff. 11, Phaenithon curvipes (Germar). 12, Phaenithon discifer Jordan. 13, Phaenithon jucundus Jordan. 14, Phaenithon perfectus Jordan. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURES 15–19. Species of Anthribidae recorded from Panama, dorsal habitus. (Tribe Corrhecerini) 15, Corrhecerus hector Jekel. 16, Nemotrichus dorsomaculatus Jekel. (Tribe Cratoparini) 17, Euparius ajax (Jekel). 18, Euparius clitelliger Fahraeus. 19, Euparius stratus Jordan. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURES 20–24. Species of Anthribidae recorded from Panama, lateral habitus. (Tribe Corrhecerini) 20, Corrhecerus hector Jekel. 21, Nemotrichus dorsomaculatus Jekel. (Tribe Cratoparini) 22, Euparius ajax (Jekel). 23, Euparius clitelliger Fahraeus. 24, Euparius stratus Jordan. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURES 3–8. Species of Anthribidae recorded from Panama, dorsal habitus. (Tribe Basitropini) 3, Eugonus subcylindricus Fahraeus. 4, Phaenithon albosparsus Labram & Imhoff. 5, Phaenithon curvipes (Germar). 6, Phaenithon discifer Jordan.7, Phaenithon jucundus Jordan. 8, Phaenithon perfectus Jordan. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURES 70–74. Species of Anthribidae recorded from Panama, dorsal habitus. (Tribe Stenocerini) 70, Stenocerus angulicollis Jekel. 71, Stenocerus longulus Jekel. 72, Stenocerus frontalis Gyllenhal. (Tribe Zygaenodini) 73, Ormiscus sp. (Tribe Araecerini) 74, Araecerus fasciculatus DeGeer. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURES 59–64. Species of Anthribidae recorded from Panama, dorsal habitus. (Tribe Platyrhinini) 59, Strabus niger (Jordan). 60, Homocloeus pardalis Jordan. (Tribe Platystomini) 61, Toxonotus pistor Jordan. (Tribe Ptychoderini) 62, Ptychoderes brevis Jordan. 63, Ptychoderes jordani Frieser. 64, Ptychoderes rugicollis Jordan. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURES 65–69. Species of Anthribidae recorded from Panama, lateral habitus. (Tribe Platyrhinini) 65, Strabus niger (Jordan). 66, Homocloeus pardalis Jordan. (Tribe Platystomini) 67, Toxonotus pistor Jordan. (Tribe Ptychoderini) 68, Ptychoderes brevis Jordan. 69, Ptychoderes jordani Frieser. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURES 41–45. Species of Anthribidae recorded from Panama, dorsal habitus. (Tribe Ischnocerini) 41, Meconemus tuberculatus Labram & Imhoff. 42, Meconemus metallicus (Jordan). (Tribe Piesocorynini) 43, Brevibarra scotosagis Jordan. 44, Lagopezus morio Jordan. 45, Lagopezus tenuicornis (Fabricius). Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURES 46–50. Species of Anthribidae recorded from Panama, lateral habitus. (Tribe Ischnocerini) 46, Meconemus tuberculatus Labram & Imhoff. 47, Meconemus metallicus (Jordan). (Tribe Piesocorynini) 48, Brevibarra scotosagis Jordan. 49, Lagopezus morio Jordan. 50, Lagopezus tenuicornis (Fabricius). Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURES 51–54. Species of Anthribidae recorded from Panama, dorsal habitus. (Tribe Piesocorynini) 51, Piesocorynus brevis (Jordan). 52, Piesocorynus homoeus (Jordan). 53, Piesocorynus plagifer (Jordan). 54, Piesocorynus tristis (Jekel). Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURES 88–93. Species of Anthribidae recorded from Panama, distinctive characters. 88, Scutellum below basal margin of elytra (Gymnognathini). 89, Scutellum above basal margin of elytra. 90, Eyes oblique, upper margin sinuous (Domoptolis. sp.). 91, Eyes parallel, rounded (Gymnognathus sp.). 92, Postbasal carina (Anthiera sp.). 93, Front tibia with brush-like lobe (Anthiera sp.). Scale bar: 0.5 mm.