Terebellum Röding, 1798

Maxwell, Stephen J., Rymer, Tasmin L. & Congdon, Bradley C., 2021, Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae), Zootaxa 4990 (3), pp. 401-453 : 434-435

Terebellum Röding, 1798 [Maxwell, this paper] nomen cladi conversum

( Pseudoterebellinae )

Figures 8D–F , 9

1753 Terebellum Klein , p. 38. Sowerby, 1820 –1825, pl. 263. Mörch 1852, p. 63. Adams & Adams 1858, p. 263. Maxwell et al. 2018b, p. 63. Excluded—pre-Linnaeus (1758).

1798 Terebellum Röding , p. 135. p. Horst & Schepman 1908, p. 223. Maxwell et al. 2018b, p. 63. Type: Terebellum nebulosum Röding, 1798 (= Bulla terebellum Gmelin, 1791 = Conus terebellum ( Linnaeus, 1758) = Terebellum terebellum ( Linnaeus, 1758)) . Eames 1952, p. 72. Bandel 2007, p. 137. = Terebellum Lamarck, 1799, p. 69 . Lamarck 1801, p. 72. Rafinesque 1815, p. 145. Bowdich 1822, p. 42, no. 10. Bronn 1824, p. 11, no. 29. Cronch 1827, p. 38. Gould 1833, p. 96. Anton 1839, p. 102. Cuvier 1834, p. 66. Gray 1847, p. 132. Cuvier 1868, p. 32. Fisher 1873, p. 377. Zittel 1885, p. 259. Cossmann 1889, p. 92. Maxwell et al. 2018b, p. 63. Type: Bulla terebellum Linnaeus, 1758 (= Terebellum terebellum ( Linnaeus, 1758)) . = Terebellum Montfort 1810, p. 379 . Type: Terebellum subulatum Lamarck, 1801 (= Terebellum terebellum ( Linnaeus, 1758)) . = Terebrina Rafinesque, 1815, p. 145 . Maxwell et al. 2018b, p. 63. Synonymized - Emendation of Terebellum Lamarck, 1799 .

1848 Lucis Gistel , p. 171. p. 72. Maxwell et al. 2018b, p. 63. Type: Lucis subulatum Lamarck, 1801 (= Terebellum terebellum ( Linnaeus, 1758)) .

1848 Artopoia Gistel , pl 7, fig. 8. p. 72. Maxwell et al. 2018b, p. 63. Type: Artopoia (Terebellum) subulata (Lamarck, 1810) (= Terebellum terebellum ( Linnaeus, 1758)) . = Artopoja Gistel — Paetel, 1888, p. 315. Maxwell et al. 2018b, p. 63. Notes: synonymised emendation of original name Artopoia Gistel, 1848 ( Jung 1974) .

Type. Conus terebellum Linnaeus, 1758 ( Winckworth 1945, p. 144, by subsequent designation)

RegNum Registration Number. 684.

Reference Phylogeny. Figure 3 .

Definition. The maximum clade consisting of Terebellum terebellum ( Linnaeus, 1758) and all species that share a more recent common ancestor with it than with Seraphs sopitus ( Brander, 1766) , Paraseraphs tetanus Jung, 1974 or Pseudoterebellum diversiornatum ( Eames, 1952) .

Diagnosis. The shell is convolute, with an evolute growth pattern. The shell lacks a posterior canal. It is typically smooth, or with greatly reduced sculpture where present, and is widest near the anterior end of the shell. The labrum of the shell is protocyrt, and there is a channeled suture between the whorls. The aperture is long and narrows anteriorly, with a smooth columella. The labium is calloused and extends just above the apex. The basal sinus is present, but shallow.

Composition. Terebellum contains seven species detailed herein, and belongs to the Pseudoterebellinae , but excludes Pseudoterebellum and Paraseraphs .

Remarks. The geological record indicates that Terebellum arose during the beginning of the Neogene, which places the direct ancestor during the Oligocene (Table 8). The earliest record of T. terebellum comes from the early Miocene of Saipan. We propose that the species arose in the Indonesian region and the clade’s ancestor resides there. The clade expanded during the early to mid-Miocene to incorporate a maximum of three species during the Langhian from India to Indonesia. Examples of Terebellum terebellum from the Miocene of Java show little or no variation from the more recent specimens, as does the trace colouration in preserved material ( Cox 1948).

A number of Turritellidae Lovén, 1847 have been wrongly assigned to Terebellum : Turritella burdenii Tuomey & Holmes, 1857 , Turritella constrictum Emmons, 1858 , Turritella etiwanensis Toumey & Holmes, 1857 , Turritella exaltata Conrad, 1841 , Turritella striatum Tuomey & Holmes, 1857 ( Tuomey & Holmes 1857; Emmons 1858; Har- ris 1890; Jung 1974).

Figures

FIGURE 3. The clade Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 derived from character analysis and contextualised with the fossil record showing the ancestral Seraphsinae and crown clade Pseudoterebellinae both new subfamilies.

FIGURE 8. Pseudoterebellum new genus and Terebellum Röding, 1798. A. Pseudoterebellum diversiornatum (Eames, 1952), holotype, NHMUK GG68239, length 10.1 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 14, figs. 12–14). B. Pseudoterebellum oympiae (Rolando, 2001), holotype, MGPD 28168, length 20.9 mm (Rolando 2001, fig. 2). C. Pseudoterebellum saudiensis (Abbass, 1972), holotype, ASU S53, length 25 mm (Abbass 1972, pl. V, figs. 1, 2). D. Terebellum cinctum Martin, 1916, holotype, RGM St10337, length 34.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 13, figs. 4, 6). E. Terebellum obtusum Sowerby, 1840, holotype, NHMUK GG21000, length 42.2 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 13, figs. 17, 18). F. Terebellum papilliferum Martin, 1916, lectotype, RGM St10339, length 28 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 13, figs. 9, 11).

FIGURE 9. Terebellum Röding, 1798. A. Terebellum delicatum Kuroda & Kawamoto in Kawamoto & Tanabe, 1956, Khánh Hòa, Nha Trang, Vietnam, length 27 mm (NMR 54693). B. Terebellum hubrechti Poppe & Tagaro, 2016, Caubian Deep, Bohol, Philippine, length 33.2 mm (image Conchology Inc.). C. Terebellum simoni Dekkers et al., 2019, Bohol Island, Philippines, length 50.6 mm (Paratype 1, AMD STR2269). D. Terebellum terebellum. D1. Vanuatu, length 63.4 mm (Coll. Guido and Philippe Poppe, 464722). D2. Solomon Islands, size unknown (NMR 44172). D3. Solomon Islands, size unknown (NMR 54964). D4. Leyte, Philippines, length 41.3 mm (Coll. Guido and Philippe Poppe, 378696).