Paraseraphs Jung, 1974

Maxwell, Stephen J., Rymer, Tasmin L. & Congdon, Bradley C., 2021, Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae), Zootaxa 4990 (3), pp. 401-453 : 426

Paraseraphs Jung, 1974 [Maxwell, this paper] nomen cladi conversum

( Pseudoterebellinae )

Figure 7

1974 Paraseraphs Jung , p. 33. Bandel 2007, p. 137. Caze et al. 2010, p. 454 .

Type. Paraseraphs tetanus Jung, 1974 by original designation ( Jung 1974, p. 33).

RegNum Registration Number. 682.

Reference Phylogeny. Figure 3 .

Definition. The maximum clade consisting of Paraseraphs tetanus Jung, 1974 and all species that share a more recent common ancestor with it than with Seraphs sopitus ( Brander, 1766) , Mauryna plicata ( d’Archiac & Haime, 1853) or Terebellum terebellum ( Linnaeus, 1758) .

Diagnosis. The shell is evolute, cylindrical and smooth, with a posterior canal present. The labrum is protocyrt, with no channelled suture and a maximum diameter near the base. The adapical canal is present, and often extends to the apex. The columella is smooth and bent backward near the base.

Composition. Paraseraphs contains ten species detailed herein, and belongs to the Pseudoterebellinae , but excludes Pseudoterebellum and Terebellum .

Remarks. The clade Paraseraphs is restricted to the Late Paleocene and the Eocene of the tropical Americas and Europe, where it arose out of the new subfamily Seraphsinae . The greatest diversity occurred during the middle Eocene ( Jung 1974; Sepkoski 2002; Caze et al. 2010; Table 6). Paraseraphs defining characteristics are a posterior canal and evolute growth pattern. Paraseraphs likely shares ancestry with the new genus Pseudoterebellum and Terebellum ( Jung 1974) .

Figures

FIGURE 3. The clade Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 derived from character analysis and contextualised with the fossil record showing the ancestral Seraphsinae and crown clade Pseudoterebellinae both new subfamilies.

FIGURE 7. Paraseraphs Jung, 1974. A. Paraseraphs ameri (Abbass, 1967), Holotype, EMC, Gastropod Section, G363, incomplete (Abbass 1967, p. 61, pl. VIII, fig. 6). B. Paraseraphs armoricensis (Cossmann, 1897), Dumas Collection, length 22.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 10, figs. 16–18). C. Paraseraphs cantamessae Maxwell et al., 2018a, holotype, USNM 135097A, length 56.9 mm (Maxwell et al. 2018a, fig. 1). D. Paraseraphs erraticus (Cooper, 1894)), UCMP 15820, length 26.8 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 12, figs. 8–10). E. Paraseraphs placitus Jung, 1974, holotype, NMB H14491, length 22.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 10, figs. 16–18). F. Paraseraphs praecedens Caze et al., 2010, holotype, MNHN A05707, Collection de Paleontologie, Paris, length 19 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 29E, F). G. Paraseraphs procerus (Merian, 1844), holotype, NMB H14374, length 71.8 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 12, figs. 1, 2). H. Paraseraphs propedistortus (de Gregorio, 1880), NMB H14509, length 53.2 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 11, figs. 12–13). I. Paraseraphs tetanus Jung, 1974, holotype, NMB H15409, length 28.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 10, figs. 5–7). J) Paraseraphs texanopsis Garvie, 2013, Texas Natural Science Centre, UT(Austin), NPL46617, length 53.3 mm (Garvie 2013, pl. 1, figs. 10, 11).