Barsine hypoprepioides (Walker, 1862)

Volynkin, Anton V., Černý, Karel & Huang, Si-Yao, 2019, A review of the Barsine hypoprepioides (Walker, 1862) species-group, with descriptions of fifteen new species and a new subspecies (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae), Zootaxa 4618 (1), pp. 1-82 : 5-6

The Barsine hypoprepioides species-group

Description. Adults ( Fig. 1 ). Small or medium-sized moths. Male antennae ciliate, female antennae filiform. Body and wing coloration varies from creamy white to yellowish white, rarely pale yellow ( B. conformis , B. kuatunensis and B. takamukui ), bright yellow ( B. melanovena and B. karenkensis wushipheri ) or orange ( B. salamandra ). Forewing pattern black or fuscous and consists of subbasal spot, three elongated antemedial spots, three transverse lines (antemedial, medial and postmedial, which may be interrupted), discal spot, longitudinal strokes on veins in subterminal area of wing, and thin terminal line. Sometimes forewing pattern elements are fused into broad black or dark brown shades (in B. salamandra , B. melanovena , B. persephone , B. asotoida , and B. specialis ). Forewing cilia from blackish and fuscous to spotted and white. Hindwing pattern diffuse and consists of medial and subterminal transverse lines (sometimes may be absent) and longitudinal strokes of veins in subterminal area. Sometimes hindwing pattern is completely absent ( B. salakia ). Hindwing cilia as hindwing ground color or blackish. In B. specialis , hindwings monotonous dark brown. Male genitalia ( Fig. 2 ). Uncus elongated, narrow, laterally flattened, slightly curved, apically pointed. Tuba analis broad, membranous; scaphium thin, weakly sclerotized; subscaphium as broad setose area. Tegumen short and medium broad; juxta medium broad, with large conical medial process (sometimes absent); vinculum robust, U- or V-like. Valva elongated; costa broad, well sclerotized; medial costal process at broad base, moderately long, distally narrowed, apically pointed tapered; distal costal process dorsally directed; distal lobe of valva well developed, usually broad; sacculus well sclerotized, setose, with setose or (rarely) strongly dentate dorsal margin; distal saccular process present, varies in length and shape in different species. Aedeagus elongated and medium broad, slightly curved or almost straight; vesica broad, globular, with several short but broad diverticula armed with fields of granulation or clusters of small, but robust cornuti; basal plate of vesica ejaculatorius short, trigonal. Female genitalia ( Fig. 3 ). Papillae anales broad, rectangular with rounded edges; apophyses anteriores and posteriores long and thin. Postvaginal plate moderately sclerotized, small, sometimes broad; ostium bursae broad; ductus bursae with large, heavily sclerotized antrum and short membranous anterior part. Corpus bursae sack-like, with dense spinulose scobination and signum with dentate surface (in some species absent); appendix bursae conical, elongated, sometimes curved, with dense spinulose scobination, situated latero-posteriorly.

Remark. The species-group is related to B. marginis ( Fang, 1991) , comb. nov. ( Figs 271, 272 , 291 , 299 ), the B. callida ( Fang, 1991) — B. mesortha ( Hampson, 1898) species pair ( Figs 273–280 , 292, 293 , 300, 301 ), B. compar ( Fang, 1991) ( Figs 281, 282 , 294 , 302 ), B. honbaensis Dubatolov & Bucsek 2013 ( Figs 283–287 , 295–297 , 303 ), B. dentata ( Wileman, 1910) , comb. nov. ( Figs 288–290 , 298 ) and B. cernyi Volynkin, 2018 (illustrated by Volynkin (2018)) clearly forming six separated species-groups. However, members of the Barsine hypoprepioides speciesgroup can be easily distinguished from those related groups by their whitish or yellow wing coloration (orange or red in other species ( Figs 271–290 )) and the vesica structure ( Figs 291–298 ).

Figures

FIGURES 1–3. Morphology of the Barsine hypoprepioides species-group. 1, Pattern elements (on the example of B. hypoprepioides); 2, male genitalia, ventral view (on the example of B. maculifasciata); 3, female genitalia, ventral view (on the example of B. maculifasciata).

FIGURES 271–280. Barsine spp., adults. 271, B. marginis, ♂, China, Sichuan (MWM/ZSM); 272, ditto, ♀, China, Sichuan (MWM/ZSM); 273, B. mesortha, ST ♂, India, Khasis (©NHMUK); 274, ditto, ♀, Vietnam, Vinh Phuc (©NHMUK); 275, B. callida, holotype ♂, China, Sichuan (IZCAS); 276, ditto, ♂, China, Sichuan (MWM/ZSM); 277, ditto, ♂, NE India, Sikkim (NZCK, photo by N. Singh); 278, ditto, ♂, N Thailand (CKC); 279, ditto, ♀, N Thailand (CKC); 280, ditto, ♀, China, Sichuan (MWM/ZSM).

FIGURES 291–294. Barsine spp., male genitalia. 291, B. marginis, China, Sichuan, slide MWM 31463 Volynkin; 292, B. mesortha, India, Khasis, slide AV1855 Volynkin; 293, B. callida, N Vietnam, slide MWM 31686 Volynkin; 294, B. compar, SE China, slide MWM 34585 Volynkin.

FIGURES 299–303. Barsine spp., female genitalia. 299, B. marginis, China, Sichuan, slide MWM 31465 Volynkin; 300, B. mesortha, N Vietnam, slide MWM 33611 Volynkin; 301, B. callida, China, Sichuan, slide MWM 33568 Volynkin; 302, B. compar, SE China, slide MWM 34586 Volynkin; 303, B. honbaensis, Taiwan, slide MWM 31456 Volynkin.

FIGURES 281–290. Barsine spp., adults. 281, B. compar, ♂, China, Guangdong (SZMN); 282, ditto, ♀, China, Guangdong (SZMN); 283, B. honbaensis, holotype ♂, Vietnam (SZMN); 284, ditto, ♂, N Myanmar (MWM/ZSM); 285, ditto, ♂, China, Guangxi (SZMN); 286, ditto, ♂, Taiwan (MWM/ZSM); 287, ditto, ♀, Taiwan (MWM/ZSM); 288, B. dentata, ♂, Taiwan (©NHMUK); 289, ditto, Taiwan (MWM/ZSM); 290, ditto, holotype ♀, Taiwan (©NHMUK).

FIGURES 295–298. Barsine spp., male genitalia. 295, B. honbaensis, holotype, Vietnam, slide AV2538 Volynkin (ex prep. Dubatolov); 296, ditto, Taiwan, slide MWM 31455 Volynkin; 297, ditto, N Myanmar, slide MWM 34587 Volynkin; 298, B. dentata, Taiwan, slide MWM 34595 Volynkin.