Serratovola rubicunda (Recluz, 1843)

Dijkstra, Henk H. & Beu, Alan G., 2018, Living Scallops of Australia and Adjacent Waters (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae and Pectinidae), Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 70 (2), pp. 113-330 : 305-307

Serratovola rubicunda (Récluz in Chenu, 1843)

Figs 59C,F, 61D, 102

Pecten tricarinatus Anton, 1838: 19 (junior primary homonym of Pecten tricarinatus Defrance, 1825 ); Philippi, 1845: 99, pl. 1, fig. 4; Küster & Kobelt, 1888: 80, pl. 20, fig. 4; Dautzenberg & Bavay, 1912: 3; Bernard et al., 1993: 52; Dijkstra, 1998a: 29, pl. 4, figs 7–8 (lectotype).

Pecten asper G. B. Sowerby II, 1842: 50 , pl. 19, figs 196–197; Reeve, 1852: sp. 10, pl. 2, fig.10 (junior primary homonym of Pecten asper Lamarck, 1819 ).

Pecten rubicundus Récluz in Chenu, 1843: 3, pl. 7, figs 4–5 (replacement name for Pecten asper Sowerby ).

Pecten passerinus Hinds, 1845: 61 (replacement name for P. asper Sowerby ).

Pecten (Vola) asper Sowerby. –Küster & Kobelt, 1888: 238, pl. 63, figs 2–3.

Pecten (Serratovola) tricarinatus Anton. – Kira, 1967: 136, pl. 49, fig. 5; Koyama et al., 1981: 70; Dharma, 2005: 250, pl. 100, fig. 12.

Serratovola tricarinata (Anton) .–Abbott & Dance, 1982: 304, fig.

Serratovola aspera [sic] (Sowerby).–Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 326, pl. 93, fig. 4.

Serratovola tricarnatus [sic] (Anton).– Wang, 1989: 181, pl. 1, figs 3–4.

Serratovola rubicunda (Récluz in Chenu).–Dijkstra, 1998: 29, pl. 4, figs 7–8; Raines & Poppe, 2006: 176–177, lower figs; pl. 123, figs 1–2; Dijkstra & Maestrati, 2008: 110, figs 46–47; Huber, 2010: 197; Raines, 2010: 616, pl. 999, figs 4–5; Dijkstra, 2013: 55, pl. 15, figs 2a–d, pl. 17, figs 4a–b, pl. 27, figs 4a–b.

Serratovola passerina (Hinds) .–Hayami, 2000: 909, pl. 452, fig. 53; Xu & Zhang, 2008: 91, fig. 261.

Serratovola tricarnatus [sic] (Anton).– Wang, 2002: 241.

Serratovola asper (Sowerby) .– Wang, 2002: 242, fig. 101.

Comments on synonymy. Anton (1838) overlooked Pecten tricarinatus Defrance, 1825 , a fossil pectinid from the environs of Rome, which has nomenclatural priority.

Sowerby’s (1842) species name Pecten asper also was preoccupied by Lamarck (1819) for a fossil pectinid (see also ICZN, 1954: Opinion 311).

Récluz (1843) and Hinds (1845) both introduced new replacement names for Pecten asper Sowerby ( Pecten rubicundus and Pecten passerinus , respectively). Récluz’s name, Pecten rubicundus , has priority and should be used for the present species.

Type data. Pecten tricarinatus Anton : lectotype (pr) SMTD6937 , designated by Dijkstra (1998a: 29), figured in Dijkstra (2008: 59, figs 19–24). Type locality: China.

Pecten asper Sowerby : possible syntypes (7 pr) NHMUK20080065 , figured in Dijkstra (2008: 59, figs 13–18). Type locality: “New Guinea ”.

Comments on type data. A sample with possible type specimens of Pecten asper Sowerby from “New Guinea ” is in the NHMUK general collection. This material was part of the Mrs de Burgh (d. 1880) collection. One of the specimens matches the measurements given in the original description and also resembles Reeve’s figure, and seems likely to be a syntype. However, Reeve (1852) did not indicate that his illustrated specimen was from the de Burgh collection (pers. comm. K. M. Way) .

Additional material examined. — AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: SE of Swain Reefs , 22°31.4'S 152°32.6'E,dead, 100 m (many v, C.151488;15 v,C.165198). NEW SOUTH WALES: ENE of Danger Point, 28°04'– 27°59'S 153°50'E, dead, 137–146 m (1 v,C.116432); E of Tweed Heads, 28°11'– 28°14'S 153°50'E, dead, 146 m (1 v,C.310685).—CHINA:off Guangdong,alive, 10–100 m (1 pr, ZMA Moll.145740). TAIWAN: SW of Taiwan, alive, 40 m (4 pr, ZMA Moll.140566). —PHILIPPINE ISLANDS : Bohol, alive, 100–120 m (1 pr, ZMA Moll.142737). —INDONESIA: off Bali, alive, 140 m (1 pr, ZMA Moll.142738) .

Description. Shell up to c. 35 mm high, circular, inequivalve, equilateral, left valve flat or very weakly inflated, right valve convex, auricles almost equal in size, unequal in shape; umbonal angle c. 115°; internal rib carinae short, prominent near ventral margin; hinge teeth weak; left valve with numerous red dots and/or streaks, right valve paler or whitish.

Left valve sculptured with 17–18 evenly spaced radial plicae of angular section (with sloping sides and narrow crests), solid or with hollow sections laterally. Each interspace slightly wider than one plica; interspaces bearing widely spaced commarginal lamellae; more closely spaced lamellae present on plicae late in ontogeny. Posterior auricle slightly larger and closely similar in shape to anterior one, both with similar sculpture of closely spaced commarginal lamellae and a few very weak radial ridges.

Right valve with 18–19 evenly spaced radial plicae, angular in section in early growth stage but with more rounded crests in late ontogeny, with similar microsculpture to left valve. Byssal notch very shallow, functional ctenolium lacking.

Dimensions. Illustrated specimen: QLD, S of Swain Reefs, 100 m, two unmatched valves (AM C.151488); rv: H 32.8, L 34.9 mm; lv: H 35.1, 37.5. mm.

Habitat. Living rarely in shallow waters, more frequently on the continental shelf, on soft sediment (sand and/or mud).

Distribution. Indo-West Pacific, Philippine Islands , Borneo, South and East China Sea, Taiwan, Xisha Islands to Honshu, Japan, 10–100 m (Bernard et al., 1993: 52); Papua New Guinea, 45–100 m (Dijkstra, 1998a: 29); Solomon Islands , 191–381 m, dead; Fiji, 80–120 m; and Tonga, 79–82 m (Dijkstra & Maestrati, 2008: 111). Maximum depth range of live-taken specimens is c. 10–150 m, occurs generally on the outer continental shelf. Now also known from Queensland and New South Wales. Present material dead at 100– 146 m.

Remarks. Serratovola rubicunda is a new record for Australia. The present material from Queensland and New South Wales is identical to Serratovola rubicunda in all characters. In the literature, Serratovola species from the Indo-West Pacific are often misidentified or references are mixed. For distinctions between the different species see Table 9 .

Serratovola angusticostata Dijkstra, 2008 , from Taiwan, the Philippine Islands , Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, has often been confused with S. rubicunda in the literature (see Dijkstra, 2008: 60). For morphological differences between the two species see Table 9 (below) and Dijkstra (2008: 62). Serratovola gardineri ( Smith, 1903) , from the northern Indian Ocean, differs from the present species by having angulated radial ribs (Dijkstra, 2008: 58, figs 5–6) with closely spaced commarginal lamellae on both valves ( S. rubicunda more simply rounded) (Dijkstra, 2013: pl. 15, figs 2a–c).

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