Annachlamys kuhnholtzi (Bernardi, 1860)

Dijkstra, Henk H. & Beu, Alan G., 2018, Living Scallops of Australia and Adjacent Waters (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae and Pectinidae), Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 70 (2), pp. 113-330 : 214-217

Annachlamys kuhnholtzi (Bernardi, 1860)

Figs 47A,C, 51D–E,G–H, 52, 53C, 54A–B,D–E

Pecten kuhnholtzi Bernardi, 1860: 378 , pl. 13, fig. 1; Küster & Kobelt, 1888: 140, pl. 40 fig. 1.

Pecten leopardus var. kuhnholtzi Bernardi. –E. A. Smith, 1884: 114; E.A. Smith, 1885: 299.

Annachlamys leopardus rena Iredale, 1939: 359 .

Annachlamys kuhnholtzi (Bernardi) .–Dijkstra, (1983–1994) 1986: 19, 21; Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 238, fig. 711; Dijkstra & Marshall, 1997: 99, pl. 11, figs 1–7; Raines & Poppe, 2006: 94–95, upper figs; pl. 26, figs 2–3, 5; pl. 27, figs 1–3; pl. 28, figs 1–3; Huber, 2010: 197.

Annachlamys flabellata kuhnholtzi (Bernardi) .–Dijkstra et al., 1990: 9–10, fig.

Annachlamys flabellata (Lamarck) .–Lamprell & Whitehead, 1992: [26], pl. 11, fig. 63 (in part).

Type data. Pecten kuhnholtzi Bernardi : lectotype designated by “ holotype ” statement by Fischer-Piette (1950: 19) (ICZN, 1999: 83, Article 74.6), (pr) MNHN Moll.21202, the larger of the 2 syntypes, marked “fig’d” (Fig. 54A–B, D–E) ; paralectotype (pr) MNHN Moll.21203. Type locality: New Caledonia .

Annachlamys leopardus rena Iredale : lectotype designated here (pr) AM C.119783, paralectotypes (pr) AM C.170619, C.119633, C.058366. Type locality: Australia, QLD, GBR, Capricorn Group , North West Island, 23°18'S 151°42'E.

Comments on type data. The type data of Pecten kuhnholtzi are on a card file prepared by B. Métivier (MNHN). Fischer-Piette (1950: 19) designated the specimen figured by Bernardi (1860: pl. 13, fig. 1) as the holotype (that is, the lectotype) .

Iredale (1939: 358) did not clearly select a holotype of Annachlamys leopardus rena , although he mentioned “a perfect specimen measures 64 mm across and 58 mm in height, the ears being 34 mm across” ( Iredale 1939: 359). This specimen was not figured and is difficult to recognize in the syntype series. Therefore, under ICZN (1999: 80, Recommendation 73F), “avoidance of assumption of holotype ”, the type material consists of syntypes, and we designate a lectotype here.

Figure 53. A, B, D, Annachlamys iredalei (Powell) , specimens in Fig. 51C, F; lv interior (A), lv exterior (B), lv exterior of specimen with secondary riblets (D). C, Annachlamys kuhnholtzi (Bernardi) , specimen in Figs 47A, C, 51D, E, G, H; rv exterior. E, G, Annachlamys reevei (A. Adams) , lv only, WAM S64891 , off Cloates Reef, Ningaloo Marine Park, WA, 40–44 m; lv exterior (E), lv interior (G). F, H, Minnivola pyxidata (Born) , pair, AM C.097546, S of Woody Island, Hervey Bay, QLD, 9 m; lv exterior (F), rv interior (H). Scale bars represent 20 mm (A, B, D–H), 30 mm (C).

Additional material examined. — AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: Cape York Peninsula, Escape River mouth, 10°58'S 142°40'E, alive, 4–6 m (1 pr, C.365471); GBR, 0.5 ml SE of Lizard Island, 14°41'S 145°29' E, dead, 35 m (1 v, C.119779); off Cardwell, 18°29'S 147°01'E, alive, 58 m (1 pr, C.337122); 6–7 ml E of Keeper Reef, off Townsville, 18°45'S 147°23'E, dead, 43 m (4 v, C.105125; 11 v, C.131709);S of Townsville, 19°17'S 147°32'E, dead, 24 m (2 v, C.365231); off Abbot Point, N of Bowen, 19°53'S 148°05' E, alive, 10 m (1 pr, C.365472); E of Sarina, 21°27.5'S 150°08'E, alive, 42 m (1 pr, C.365468); Swain Reefs, 3 km NE of W side of Bylund (Gillett) Cay, 21°42'S 152°26' E,dead, 64–73 m (many v,C.365240);inside Swain Reefs, 22°14'S 152°27'E, alive, 60 m (2 pr, QM MO.33652); off Yeppoon, 22°30' S 151°26'E,dead, 55 m (1 v,C.365230); off Yeppoon, 22°40'S 151°16'E, dead, 58 m (2 v,C.365229); 30 ml NE of Yeppoon, 22°50'S 151°11'E, alive, 46–55 m (many, C.073246); off Yeppoon, off North Keppel Island, 23°02'S 151°10'E, alive, 51 m (2 pr, C.365465); 1.5 ml NW of South Keppel Island, 23°08'S 150°56'E,alive, 13–20 m (2 pr, C.365464);Capricorn Channel,4 ml E of North Reef, 23°09'S 151°58'E, dead, 64 m (many v,C.116522); Keppel Bay, off Keppel Island, 23°09' S 150°56'E,dead (2 v, C.365234); GBR, Capricorn Group, North West Island, 23°18'S 151°42'E, alive (12 v [paralectotypes], C.119633; 1 pr [lectotype of A. leopardus rena ], C.119783; 18 v [paralectotypes], C.170619, many juveniles [paralectotypes], C.058366; 1 v, C.365232); near Heron Island, 23°23.5'S 151°56.5'E, dead, 40 m (3 v, C.365236); Keppel Bay, 23°25'S 150°55'E, alive (2 pr, C.132766; 2 pr, C.133557); Capricorn Group, Heron Island, 23°26'S 151°57'E, alive (1 pr, C.097669); Capricorn Group, One Tree Island, 23°30' S 152°05' E, dead, 55 m (many v, C.124007); Capricorn Group, Masthead Island, 23°32'S 151°45'E, dead, 31–37 m (many v, C.018844); Capricorn Channel, E of Lady Musgrave Island, 23°50.10' S 152°32'10'E, dead, 132 m (4 v, C.148173); off Burnett Heads, 24°46'S 152°24'E, alive, 46 m (2 pr, C.064359); off Bundaberg, 24°50'S 153°21'E, dead, 27 m (1 v, C.365233); Hervey Bay, 25°06'S 152°49'E, alive, 18–27 m (3 pr, C.132765); Keppel Bay, between Outer Rock & Man & Wife, NE of South Keppel Island, 23°08'S 150°56'E, dead, 24–26 m (3 v, C.365239); off South (Great) Keppel Island, 23°12'S 150°58'E, alive, Figure 54. A, B, D, E, Annachlamys kuhnholtzi (Bernardi) , lectotype, pair, MNHN Moll.21203, New Caledonia; rv exterior (A), rv interior (B), lv exterior (D), lv interior (E) (MNHN photos by Barbara Buge). C, F, Annachlamys reevei (A. Adams) , separate valves; (C) specimen in Fig. 53E, G; lv exterior; (F) WAM S64890 , off Osprey Reef, Ningaloo Marine Park, WA, 59– 58 m; rv exterior. Scale bars represent 30 mm (A, B, D, E), 20 mm (C, F).

9–15 m (2 pr, C.365463); off Frazer Island , 25°09.6'S 153°34'E, dead , 48 m (1 v, C.365235); off S end of Frazer Island, 25°28' S 153°0'E, alive (4 pr, C.365243); off S end of Frazer Island , 25°48'S 153°46'E, dead , 73 m (13 v, C.365238); off Wide Bay, 25°50'S 153°27.4' E, dead , 45 m (16 v, C.097555); off Tin Can Bay, 25°50' S 153°27.5'E, alive (2 pr, C.062477);off S end of Frazer Island , 25°57.9'S 153°34.4'E, dead , 58–60 m (16 v, C.365237); off Tin Can Bay, 26°09.5' S 153°18.5'E, dead , 56 m (2 v, C.101153); NE of Cape Moreton , 26°55.5' S 153°33.5' E, dead , 115–124 m (1 v, C.365244). NEW SOUTH WALES: off Tweed Heads , 28°17'S 153°44'E, dead , 73 m (23 v, C.117657; 1 v, C.123867); E of Brunswick Heads , 28°25'– 28°29'S 153°48'– 153°49'E,dead , 119 m (1 v, C.120395). CORAL SEA:Chesterfield Islands , alive, 65–68 m (1 pr, ZMA Moll.143175); Bancs Landsdowne-Fairway, alive , 86 m (1 pr, ZMA Moll. 142259). —NEW CALEDONIA: Poum, Recif Baie , 20°13'S 164°03'E, alive , 0–4 m (1 pr, C.365467); 21°0'S 165°0'E, alive (1 pr, C.027879; 2 pr, C.365245). TASMAN SEA: Lord Howe Rise , 31°34.9'S 159°0.3'E, alive , 73 m (2 pr + 9 v, C.123973); Lord Howe Rise , 31°37.1'S 159°13'E, dead , 51–55 m (6 v, C.123846). See also Dijkstra & Marshall (1997: 99).

Description. Most specimens up to c. 50 mm high, a few specimens to c. 100 mm; solid, moderately inflated, juveniles circular, adults subcircular (wider than high), right valve slightly more convex than left, inequivalve, equilateral (juveniles) to more prosocline (adults), auricles of the two valves unequal, umbonal angle 105–120°. Left valve blotched with red or brown on cream background, some specimens with dark red or brown radial streaks on plicae. Right valve paler or whitish with yellow umbonally. Interior yellowish or reddish yellow.

Both valves sculptured with 18–20 evenly spaced radial plicae. Plicae of right valve somewhat broader and more rounded in cross-section than those of left valve. Interspaces of left valve wider than those of right valve. Commarginal microsculpture of closely spaced lamellae, polished where they cross plicae on most specimens. Posterior auricles somewhat larger than anterior auricles, with very weak radial costae in early growth stage, no costae present later. Delicate commarginal lamellae on both auricles. Dorsal margin of left valve straight, of right valve more declined. Internal rib carinae prominent near ventral margin, weaker near muscle insertion. Resilifer narrowly triangular. Hinge teeth prominent, consisting of one resilial tooth and one dorsal tooth on each side in right valve, and corresponding sockets in left valve. Byssal notch and ctenolium weak in juveniles, lacking in adults.

Dimensions. Illustrated specimens: QLD, off Burnett Heads, 46 m ( AM C.064359): rv: H 61.0, L 66.5 mm; lv: H 60.1, L 68.2 mm; D 22.7 mm; lectotype of Pecten kuhnholtzi , New Caledonia ( MNHN Moll21203): lv: H 66.5, L 71.5 mm; D 24.7 mm .

Habitat. Living free (not byssally attached to substrate) in the littoral zone to on the continental shelf, in colonies on soft sediment (sand and/or mud).

Distribution. Eastern Australia, Coral Sea, New Caledonia and Lord Howe Island, alive at 10–69 m (Dijkstra & Marshall, 1997: 99). Maximum depth range 4–120 m (unpublished data HHD). Present material from northern Queensland (Cape York Peninsula) southwards to northern New South Wales (Brunswick Heads), living at 4– 60 m.

Remarks. Annachlamys kuhnholtzi is often treated as a geographical morph of A. flabellata (see also Lamprell & Whitehead, 1992). However, specimens of the two species do not interbreed and no intermediate variations have been observed.

Table 3 lists the characters distinguishing Annachlamys kuhnholtzi from A. flabellata .