Therevidae

Lambkin, Christine L. & Turco, Federica, 2013, Collessiama (Diptera: Therevidae: Agapophytinae: Taenogera genus-group), a new genus from eastern Australia, with a key to the Australian genera of Therevidae, Zootaxa 3680 (1), pp. 96-117 : 113-115

Key to genera of Australasian Therevidae

The following key to genera is updated from Winterton (2011b) and Winterton and Lambkin (2012) and includes all genera found throughout the region east of Wallace’s Line, incorporating landmasses such as Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, and eastern Indonesia. The Taenogera genus-group is included within Agapophytinae.

1 Femora with adpressed or scale-like setae, as well as short dark setae admixed with longer pale setae, thus multiple vestiture types evident; strong macrosetae usually present; two spermathecae in female, ventral apodeme of parameral sheath not forked, usually narrow, dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath well developed, usually broad and hood-like..............................................................................................subfamily THEREVINAE ... 2

- Femora never with adpressed or scale-like setae, short dark setae admixed with longer pale setae present, thus only simple small setae evident; macrosetae sometimes present; three spermathecae (rarely reduced to one or two); ventral apodeme of parameral sheath forked or anteriorly emarginate, never as single narrow apodeme; dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath usually forked or greatly reduced, rarely broad or hood-like............................ subfamily AGAPOPHYTINAE...4

2 (1). Male frons narrow so that eyes almost contiguous medially; usually a single row of postocular setae dorsomedially in male; mid coxal pile present; wing cell m3 open or closed; femora with distinct adpressed pile ( Indonesia, Papua New Guinea) (relatively slender flies)..................................................................... Irwiniella Lyneborg

- Male frons usually wider than ocellar tubercle so that eyes widely separated; usually many rows of postocular setae dorsally in both sexes; mid coxal pile absent (rarely present in Anabarhynchus ); wing cell m3 open; femora with multiple vestiture types, sometimes without distinct adpressed pile (robust flies)........................................................ 3

3 (2). Size variable, but never uniformly black; ( Australia, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Fiji, New Zealand)............................................................................................. Anabarhynchus Macquart

- Large, black, robust flies; female sternite 8 with posterolateral slits ( New Zealand)............... .. Megathereva Lyneborg

4 (1). Hind femur without subapical anteroventral setae............................................................ 5

- Hind femur with one (rarely more) subapical anteroventral seta................................................ 17

5 (4). Elongate strip of velutum (velvet pubescence) on ventromedial surface of fore and hind femur present; patch of velutum on ventral surface of male gonocoxite often present (rarely reduced or absent); wing cell m3 open or closed ( Australia, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia)................................................................................ 6

- Femora without velutum patches; gonocoxites without velutum patch ventrally; wing cell m3 open ( Australia)....................................................................................... 18 ( Taenogera genus-group) part

6 (5). Wing cell m3 open..................................................................................... 7

- Wing cell m3 closed.................................................................................... 9

7 (6). Short, relatively small flies; male genitalia with ventral lobe of male gonocoxite not broad or enlarged; medial atrium (Winterton et al. 2001: fig 22) usually present ( Australia).................................... Parapsilocephala Kröber (part)

- Elongate, small to relatively large flies; ventral lobe of gonocoxite broad, enlarged; medial atrium absent................ 8

8 (7). Eyes relatively small; occiput concave, postocular ridges angled, not in same plane; relatively few postocular setae, arranged in a poorly defined single row; setae absent on posterior surface of mid coxa; postspiracular setae absent; mid femur without elongate velutum patch; distiphallus spinose apically ( Australia)................................... Belonalys Kröber

- Eyes regular size; occiput concave or convex, postocular ridges straight or almost in same plane, usually with multiple rows of postocular setae dorsally, some males with only a single row; setae sometimes present on prosternum, and on posterior surface of mid coxa; postspiracular setae sometimes present; additional elongate velutum patch on posteroventral surface of mid femur often present; distiphallus without spines ( Australia).................................... Laxotela Winterton & Irwin

9 (6). Flagellum elongate, narrow cylindrical in cross-section; scape also narrow elongate, usually more than 3× length of pedicel; antennae typically longer than head (rarely equal in length); antennae appear positioned on middle or upper region of head, rarely on lower frons; antennae usually not projecting anteroventrally to body axis................................. 10

- Flagellum conical, turbinate or oval-shaped, usually flattened laterally; scape length variable but never elongate and narrow cylindrical, usually less than 3× pedicel length, sometimes bulbous; antennae shorter than head, although sometimes close to equal head length, antennae positioned very low on head and projecting anteroventrally to body axis.................. 12

10 (9). Flagellum shorter than or equal to scape length; scape usually longer than head ( Australia, Papua New Guinea)............

.................................................................................... Agapophytus Guérin - Flagellum longer than scape length; scape never longer than head.............................................. 11

11 (10). Palpi spatulate; face narrow, not expansive or protruding ( Australia)............................ Pipinnipons Winterton

- Palpi narrow to acuminate, not broadened apically; face expansive and often protruding anteriorly ( Australia).................................................................................................... Acupalpa Kröber

12 (9). Black individuals with silver-white velutum stripe along lower half of thorax and abdomen; male genitalia with articulated gonocoxal process absent or greatly reduced; ventral lobe greatly enlarged into blade-like structure ( Australia)................................................................................................. Vomerina Winterton

- Body colour and markings otherwise (silver velutum stripe on pleuron present in some genera); male genitalia with well-developed articulated gonocoxal process; ventral lobe not large and blade-like......................................... 13

13 (12). Wing typically strongly banded; abdomen slender and narrow basally, diameter of thorax distinctly greater than base of abdomen; hind femur longer than fore and mid femora; male genitalia with medial atrium absent......................... 14

- Wing hyaline or variably infuscate, but not banded; abdomen thicker basally, diameter similar to thorax, slightly tapered posteriorly but not slender; femora approximately equal length; male genitalia with medial atrium present.................. 15

14 (13). Small species (usually <6.0 mm body length); scutellum often dorsally acuminate; male with single row of postocular setae; frequently excellent ant mimics ( Australia, Papua New Guinea, Timor).............................. Acraspisa Kröber

- Relatively larger species (8.0–12.0 mm body length), usually larger than 6.0mm total body length; scutellum rounded, never dorsally acuminate; male with multiple rows of postocular setae ( Australia)............... Acraspisoides Hill & Winterton

15 (13). Ventral lobe very long and narrow, length equal to gonostylus; plate or cuplike velutum patch on gonocoxites; frons flattened or rounded, without callus above antenna ( Australia)......................................... Patanothrix Winterton

- Ventral lobe shorter than gonostylus; velutum barely evident on gonocoxite, found mainly on atrium membrane; frons typically with glossy callus above antenna........................................................................ 16

16 (15). Three spermathecae present; transverse velutum plaques absent on male abdomen; gonocoxal apodemes and distiphallus short; ejaculatory apodemes strongly sclerotized but not enlarged ( Australia).............. Parapsilocephala Kröber (part)

- One spermatheca present; transverse velutum plaques often present on male abdomen; gonocoxal apodemes and distiphallus often greatly elongate; ejaculatory apodemes greatly enlarged ( Australia)................... Bonjeania Irwin & Lyneborg

17 (4). Wing cell m3 open, male hypandrium without patch of strong posteriorly directly setae.... 19 ( Taenogera genus-group) part

- Wing cell m3 closed, male hypandrium with patch of strong posteriorly directly setae ( Australia)........ Acatopygia Kröber

18 (5). Male gonocoxite with processes absent; male usually with a single row of postocular setae dorsally; medium-sized flies; colouration and markings variable, scutum often yellow or tan ground colour with dark brown tessellate or spotted pattern ( Australia)................................................................................. Neodialineura Mann

- Male gonocoxite with gonocoxal process present; male usually with multiple poorly defined rows of postocular setae dorsally; relatively small flies; grey and black colouration and markings ( Australia)........................... Manestella Metz

19 (17). Elongate strip of velutum (velvet pubescence) on ventromedial surface of hind femur present; antennae usually longer than head, flagellum cylindrical; occiput often overlain with silver, gold and matte black pubescence ( Australia).............................................................................................. Evansomyia Mann stat. rev.

- Elongate strip of velutum on femora absent................................................................ 20

20 (19). Body usually large to medium-sized, robust, glossy dark metallic blue or orange; abdomen abruptly tapered; small patch of postspiracular setae present on thorax; wing extensively black (sometimes hyaline basally) or orange infuscate.......... 21

- Body size variable, usually relatively slender, never glossy metallic blue, rarely orange; abdomen elongate, evenly tapered; thoracic postspiracular setae absent; wing infuscation variable, usually banded or hyaline, never uniform orange or black.. 22

21 (20). Scape short, setae on antennae and head relatively short; two pairs of scutellar setae; wing with uniform orange infuscation.................................................................................... Eupsilocephala Kröber

- Scape elongate with numerous enlarged setae; single pair of scutellar setae; wing either with uniform black infuscation or hyaline basally................................................................... Johnmannia Irwin & Lyneborg

22 (20). Body distinctly covered with glaucous grey and brown pubescence; head higher than long; wing usually mottled, wing vein R2+3 reflexed anteriorly........................................................ Medomega Winterton & Lambkin

- Body pubescence variable, but usually not densely grey and brown; head not distinctly higher than long, usually longer than high; wing vein R2+3 with gentle curve or straight, not with abrupt kink..........................................23

23 (22). Male and female occiput convex, variously overlain with bronze, matte black, silver and gold pubescence; multiple rows of postocular setae in male; abdomen of equal diameter along length; distiphallus broad, cylindrical; medium to large individuals...................................................................................... .. Taenogera Kröber

- Male occiput typically flat to concave, not distinctly convex, rarely overlain with bronze, matte black, silver and gold pubescence; usually single row of postocular setae in male; abdomen tapered distally; distiphallus usually narrow; size variable.......................................................................................................24

24 (23). Antennae shorter than or equal to head length; scape usually <2× pedicel length, usually with only small setae on scape and frons...............................................................................................25

- Antennae longer than head; scape> 3× pedicel length, often with strong setae on scape and frons..................... 26

25 (24). Occiput with multiple rows of postocular setae in both sexes; male with articulated gonocoxal process greatly reduced or absent; gonocoxite sometimes with large horn-like posterior process ( Australia)........... Actenomeros Winterton & Irwin

- Occiput with single row of postocular setae in male; male with articulated gonocoxal process well developed; gonocoxite without horn-like posterior process ( Australia)............................................ Nanexila Winterton & Irwin

26 (24). Occiput overlain with silver and matte black pubescence; male with single row of postocular setae; typically larger species.................................................................................................... 27

- Occiput overlain with grey pubescence; male often with multiple rows of postocular setae; smaller species with hyaline or slightly suffused wings ( Australia)............................................... Taenogerella Winterton & Irwin

27 (26). Banded wings with orange infuscation basally and apically in males and females ( Australia)...................................................................................................... Collessiama Lambkin gen. nov.

- Wings without orange infuscation basally, some females and males (very rarely) have orange infuscation apically........ 28

28 (27). Male with medial atrium between gonocoxites, inner gonocoxal process sometimes greatly reduced; velutum patch present ventrally on gonocoxites; colouration and markings often sexually dimorphic ( Australia, New Zealand).................................................................................................. Ectinorhynchus Macquart

- Male without medial atrium between gonocoxites, inner gonocoxal process well developed; velutum absent on gonocoxites; colouration and markings not sexually dimorphic ( Australia, Papua New Guinea)................... Squamopygia Kröber