Oressinoma sorina Florczyk, Fåhraeus & Pyrcz, 2021

Florczyk, Klaudia, Fåhraeus, Christer, Boyer, Pierre, Zubek, Anna & Pyrcz, Tomasz W., 2021, A new species of the enigmatic genus Oressinoma Doubleday from the Andes of central Peru (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), Zootaxa 4999 (2), pp. 157-168 : 160-164

Oressinoma sorina Florczyk, Fåhraeus & Pyrcz , n. sp.

( Figs. 1A–D , 2A–D , 6A )

Types: Holotype ♂: Peru, Junín, route Satipo vers Concepción via Mariposa km 64, 2600 m, 2–12.xi.2006, P. Boyer leg., currently in PB, to be deposited in MUSM ; Allotype ♀: Peru, Pasco, la Antena, près de Oxapampa , 2600–2800 m, 11.xii.2003, P. Boyer leg., prep. genit. 6287/ K. Florczyk, PB ; Paratypes (9♂, 3♀): 1 ♂: Peru, Pasco, la Antena, SE Oxapampa 2350–2550 m, 15.iii.2003, P. Boyer leg., prep. genit. 6165/K. Florczyk, CEP-MZUJ ; 1 ♂: same data, PB ; 2♂, 2♀: Peru, Pasco, Yanachaga-Chemillén NP, INRENA Refugio El Cedro , S10 o 32.717 W75 o 21.492, 31.i.2003, cc. 2310–2460 m, leg. A. Kun & B. Benedek, HNHM expedition, no. 47 ; 1♀: Peru, Pasco, Yanachaga- Chemillén NP, INRENA Refugio El Cedro , S10 o 32.717 W75 o 21.492, 4.ii.2003, cc. 2310–2460 m, leg. A. Kun & B. Benedek, HNHM expedition, no. 55 ; 1♂: Peru, Pasco, Yanachaga-Chemillén NP, INRENA Refugio El Cedro , S10 o 32.717 W75 o 21.492, 3.ii.2003, cc. 2310–2460 m, leg. A. Kun & B. Benedek, HNHM expedition, no. 47 ; 2♂: Peru, Junín, Calabaza , 2200 m, 30.x.2013, C. Fåhraeus & M. Miranda leg, CF ; 1♂: Peru, Huánuco, Carpish , 2700 m, 15.ii.2013, C. Fåhraeus & M. Miranda leg, CF ; 1♂: Pasco, La Suiza Alta , 15km SO Oxapampa, 1040/ 7530, 2290m, 14.i.2004, J. Grados leg, DNA Sample 06-89 C. Peńa, MUSM .

Comparative material: A total of 142 ♂ and 19 ♀ specimens of Oressinoma typhla were examined ( Bolivia: 9, Peru: 38, Ecuador: 18, Colombia: 18, Venezuela: 73, Costa Rica: 5), and 23 ♂ and 2 ♀ specimens of Oressinoma sorata ( Peru: 7, Bolivia: 18) .

Genital dissections: O. sorata : BOLIVIA: ♂ : Depto. Cochabamba, Prov. Carrasco, Villa Tunari-Locotal , 2200 m, 13.viii.2000, T. Pyrcz & Y. Gareca leg., prep. genit. 6180/ K. Florczyk ; PERU: ♂ : Puno, Sina-Yanahuayo , 2300– 2350 m, 04.xi.2017; T. Pyrcz leg., prep. genit. 6164/ K. Florczyk; ♀ : Depto. Junín, Chanchamayo , Mina Pichita, 2000 m, 02.vi.2002, T. Pyrcz leg., prep. genit. 6498/ K. Florczyk; ♀ : BOLIVIA: prep. genit. 6500/K. Florczyk. O. typhla : COLOMBIA: ♂ : Cauca, Mocoa via Pitalito km 64, 1500 m, 26.i.2015, C. Prieto, A. Zubek, J. Lorenc leg., prep. genit. 6174/ K. Florczyk; Western Cordillera , Tambito Forest Res. , 1500 m, 08.ii.1997, Wojtusiak & Pyrcz leg., prep. genit. 6173/ K. Florczyk; ♂ : Dept. Antioquia, Cocorná , 23.v.2004, 2300 m, G. Rodríguez leg., prep. genit. 6172/K. Florczyk ; ECUADOR: ♂ : Prov. Morona-Santiago, Via Limon , 2000 m, 03.i.2004, T. Pyrcz leg., prep. genit. 6167/ K. Florczyk; ♂ : Prov. Tungurahua, Rio Pastaza, 1250 m, 26.i.2004, J. Wojtusiak leg., prep. genit. 6166/K. Florczyk; ♂ : Prov. Zamora-Chinchipe, Valladolid , 1750 m, 25.v.1998, K. Jasiński leg., prep. genit. 6168/K. Florczyk; ♂ : Prov. Zamora-Chinchipe, San Andres-Calderon , 2000–2600 m, 20.v.1998, K. Jasiński leg., prep. genit. 6169/K. Florczyk ; ECUADOR: ♀ : Prov. Pastaza, Río Anzu , 1150 m, 25.i.2003; J. Wojtusiak leg., prep. genit. 6501/K. Florczyk ; PERU: ♂ : Depto. Amazonas, Rodriguez de Mendoza , 2003, B. Calderon leg., prep. genit. 6171/ K. Florczyk; ♂ : Depto. Pasco, P.N. Yanachaga-Chemillén, Pampa Hermosa , 23.ii.2003, 1300 m, Wojtusiak & Pyrcz leg., prep. genit. 6170/K. Florczyk; ♂ : Depto. Puno, Sandia-Masiapo, Sector Camarón , 1400–1450 m, 06.xi.2017, T. Pyrcz leg., prep. genit. 6163/ K. Florczyk ; VENEZUELA: ♂ : Edo. Aragua, Colonia Tovar, Cuesta de Pto. Maya , 1800 m, 03.viii.2009, T. Pyrcz & A. Zubek leg., prep. genit. 6160/ K. Florczyk; ♂ : Edo. Aragua, Colonia Tovar , 1800 m, xi.2004, T. Pyrcz leg., prep. genit. 6159/ K. Florczyk; ♂ : Edo. Aragua, P.N. Macarao, 1250 m, 05.iii.2011, A. Viloria & A. Zubek leg., prep. genit. 6176/K. Florczyk; ♂ : Edo. Mérida, Timotes, La Joya , 1900–2000 m, 07.iii.20018; M. Sánchez leg., prep. genit. 6161/ K. Florczyk; ♂ : Edo. Barinas, Barinitas-S. Domingo, Minas de San Isidro , 1400–1450 m, 31.vii.2009, T. Pyrcz & A. Zubek leg., prep. genit. 6177/ K. Florczyk; ♂ : Edo. Mérida, Via Ejido , IVIC Mérida, 1820 m, 04.vi.2010, J. Wojtusiak leg., prep. genit. 6178/ K. Florczyk; ♂ : Edo. Táchira, S. Cristobal, Hacienda Pánaga , 700 m, 23.xi.1988, F. Rey leg., prep. genit. 6179/K. Florczyk; ♂ : Edo. Zulia, Sierra de Perijá, 30 km West Villa de Rosario / Las Antenas , 1800 m, 07.iv.2011, T. Pyrcz leg., prep. genit. 6162/K. Florczyk; ♂ : Edo. Bolivar, prep. genit. 6296/ K. Florczyk; ♀ : Edo. Trujillo, Valera-Boconó, Los Chorros , 1200 m, 13.iv.2006, T. Pyrcz leg., prep. genit. 6499/ K. Florczyk; ♀ : Edo Zulia, Tucuco , v.1987, prep. genit. 6502/K. Florczyk ; BOLIVIA: ♂ : Depto. Tarija, P.N. Tariquía, Salinas , 600 m, 15.ii.2009, J. Wojtusiak leg., prep. genit. 6175/K. Florczyk ; COSTA RICA: ♂ : Cartago, prep. genit. 6297/ K. Florczyk .

Diagnosis: This species differs immediately from its other two congeners by the shape of the HWV marginal tangerine orange band, which is smooth and parallel to the outer margin, in this species, but scalloped from apex to vein CuA 1 in O. sorata ( Figs. 1E–H ) and O. typhla ( Figs. 1I–P ). This species is also larger and has a darker appearance due to more extensive dark brown pattern and the narrower white median band.

Description: MALE: ( Figs. 1A, B ): Head: eyes chestnut brown, not covered with setae, surrounded with white hairs, frons with a tuft of short red-brown hairs, palpi nearly twice the length of the head, dark-brown above, white underneath, with a row of black hairs, antennae one third of the length of costa. Abdomen: dorsally dark brown, ventrally milky white. Wings: FW (FW length: 24–26 mm) apex gently rounded, outer margin slightly convex; HWD with an undulated outer margin and tapering to the tornus. Dorsal pattern: FW crossed by a wide median white band, of approximately the same width throughout, not reaching costal margin, basally grey brown with a ripple pattern of dark brown, distally all the way to distal margin almost entirely blackish brown except for a faint submarginal, narrow whitish band, fading away in subapical area. HW with the median white band the same width as on the FW at costa, then gradually narrowing to a tip at tornus, basally, as on the FW, grey brown with a dark ripple pattern, distally from it black except for a narrow white submarginal line, broken at the veins. Ventral pattern: FW white band shaped as on the upperside but milky white, basally slightly lighter than on the upperside and with a more prominent ripple pattern, distally divided by half into a basal blackish brown section and a distal light brown section heavily suffused with whitish scales, becoming gradually denser towards the border of the two sections, and with a narrow submarginal orange band. HW with the median band shaped as on the upperside, milky white, basally brown with heavy dark brown ripple patterns and prominent whitish scaling especially along anal margin, and distally blackish brown, turning white just before reaching a submarginal orange band, slightly wider than on the FW and more intensely coloured, following the outline of the wing, marginal area brown. Male genitalia ( Figs. 2A–D ): Tegumen slender with a slightly arched dorsal surface; uncus long, stout, twice as long as the tegumen, as long as that of O. sorata ( Figs. 3A–D ) and longer and narrower than in O. typhla ( Figs. 4A–D, 5A–D ), slightly arched, with a sharp tip; gnathos slender, strongly adhered to the base of the tegumen, with a spatulate tip; pedunculus short, massive; subscaphium moderately scletorized, large, bulbous with a spiny surface; vinculum straight; saccus relatively shallow, compressed dorso-ventrally; valva elongated, longer than tegumen+uncus, compressed in the middle with an elongated basal arm attaching it to the vinculum, apical part wide, with a stout, rounded apex smoothly extending into a prominent dorsal crest with a serrated edge, wider and less irregularly serrated than in O. sorata ( Figs. 3A–D ); aedeagus slightly shorter than valva, straight, tubular, gradually narrowing distally. FEMALE ( Figs. 1C, 1D ): Slightly larger (FW length: 26 mm), with slightly wider white bands, and HW submarginal crescents composing the submarginal line brighter. Female genitalia ( Fig. 6A ): Papillae anales prominent, oval in lateral view, densely hairy; posterior apophyse present as a short tip; anterior lamella moderately sclerotized, thin in the middle, extending into lateral lobes with a mildly rippled surface; posterior lamella wide pocket-like with a smooth surface; von Siebold organ present; antrum sclerotized; ductus bursae long, slender, gradually opening into a large balloonlike bursa, with a smooth surface, and with two parallel signa, two-thirds the length of bursa, in ventral position (which is not apparent on the photograph because ductus bursae is twisted); seminal duct originating near antrum. Female genitalia differ marginally from those of O. sorata ( Fig. 6B ) and O. typhla ( Figs. 6C, 6D ).

Barcode data: Three sequenced specimens of Oressinoma sorina cluster together on the ML tree in a highly supported (bs: 99) clade ( Fig. 7 ) which confirms its separate specific status. The monophyly of O. sorata presents a total support. The clade containing 8 samples of O. typhla is highly supported (bs: 99), indicating the presence of three geographic clusters from southern Peru, eastern slopes of the Andes from central Peru to Venezuela and western slopes of the Andes in Ecuador. The sister-species status of O. typhla and O. sorata is weakly supported (bs: 59). The monophyly of the genus Oressinoma containing three species presents a moderately high support (bs: 83). Maximum infrageneric genetic distances in Oressinoma are 4.5%. Maximum infraspecific distances in O. typhla are 3%, slightly above the barcode species gap, whereas in O. sorata and O. sorina n. sp. they are 1.4%. Genetic distances between O. sorata and O. sorina n. sp. are 3.2–4.1% markedly above the barcode species gap ( Table 1).

Etymology: This species is dedicated to René Sorin, a French butterfly enthusiast and collector, and a long-time friend of Pierre Boyer.

Distribution and bionomics: This species is known so far from central Peruvian departments of Pasco (two spots above Oxapampa), Junín (the road from La Mariposa to Calabaza), and Huánuco (the area of Carpish tunnel) ( Fig. 8 ). It occurs in high elevation rainforest, between 2300 and 2800 m, in relatively well-preserved habitat. Found along the road nearby the forest, flying slowly and low above the ground, like the other two species of Oressinoma .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Adults (upperside, underside): A–B: Oressinoma sorina Holotype male, Concepción—vía Mariposa, Junín, Peru; C–D: Oressinoma sorina Allotype female, La Antena, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru; E–F: Oressinoma sorata male, Sina, Puno, Peru; G–H: Oressinoma sorata female, Bolivia; I–J: Oressinoma typhla male, Puente La Palma, vía Mariposa, Junín, Peru; K–L: Oressinoma typhla female, Pastaza, Río Anzu; M–N: Oressinoma typhla male, El Paramito, Escuque, Trujillo, Venezuela; O–P: Oressinoma typhla female, Trujillo, Trujillo-Boconó, Venezuela.

FIGURE 6. Female genitalia (in lateral view):A: Oressinoma sorina n. sp., prep. genit. 6287; B: Oressinoma sorata prep. genit. 6500; C: Oressinoma typhla prep. genit. 6501; D: Oressinoma typhla prep. genit. 6499.

FIGURE 7. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree based on COI mitochondrial marker with bootstrap branch support values.

FIGURE 8. Distribution map for Oressinoma sorina n. sp. and Oressinoma sorata.

FIGURES 2–5. Male genitalia (in lateral and dorsal view, aedeagus extracted in lateral and dorsal view): 2A–D: Oressinoma sorina n. sp., prep. genit. 6165; 3A–D: Oressinoma sorata prep. genit. 6164; 4A–D: Oressinoma typhla prep. genit. 6498; 5A–D: Oressinoma typhla prep. genit. 6161.