Pygoluciola dunguna Nada, 2018

Nada, B. & Ballantyne, L. A., 2018, A new species of Pygoluciola Wittmer with unusual abdominal configuration, from lowland dipterocarp forest in Peninsular Malaysia (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae), Zootaxa 4455 (2), pp. 343-362 : 348-357

Pygoluciola dunguna Nada sp nov.

Figs 2̄37

Type. Holotype male. MALAYSIA. Terengganu: Dungun, Jengai Forest Reserve, Compartment 40, lat. 4.610939, long. 103.158919 19.vii.2016, B. Nada. ( FRIM).

Paratypes. MALAYSIA Perak: Tanjung Malim, Gunung Liang, 3.80205 N, 101.590969 E, 350 m a.s.l, 21.vi.2015, B. Nada, female (GL350) ( FRIM) . Selangor: Gombak x.4.1965, J. Buck, male ( ANIC) ; 30.i.2015, W. Jusoh & Thary , male ( MZUM). Kepong, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 3.233139 N, 101.630403 E , 14.vi.2011, Rover Track, 171 m a.s.l., O. Khirul-Faizal, male (ADULT8); 27.vi.2011, Canopy Walkway Trail, C.N. Nafaruding, male (ADULTCNPY2); 6.vii.2011, Waterfall Trail , 139 m a.s.l, M.S. Salman, male (ADULTWFALL4) ( FRIM). Kuala Kubu Bharu, Bukit Kutu, 3.55395 N, 101.734211 E , 26.v. 2015, 400 m a.s.l. and 600 m a.s.l., B. Nada, male, female (BK400) (BK600) (FRIM). Terengganu: Dungun, Besul Forest Reserve, Compartment 10, l 4.693225 N, 103.167175 E, 10.v.2016, S. Muhammad-Jafni, 2 males, female (B10); Compartment 19, lat.4.63415, long. 103.200553 , 8.viii.2016, Z.A. Saiful-Azhari, 4 males, 3 females (B19) ( FRIM). Jengai Forest Reserve, Compartment 52, 4.548261 N, 102.979878 E , 30.vi.2016, M.S. Asraf, 2 males (JI52); Compartment 40, 4.610939 N, 103.158919 E , 19.vii.2016, R.S. Raja-Ahmad-Bazli, female (JI40) ( FRIM). Jerangau Forest Reserve, Compartment 100, 4.8699 N, 103.046725 E , 20.vii.2016, M.S. Asraf, female (JU100); Compartment 99, 4.862742 N, 103.048636 E , 17.viii.2016, S. Mohd-Fadhlullah, 4 males, female (JU99) ( FRIM). Pasir Raja Barat Forest Reserve, Compartment 87, 4.858047 N, 103.009394 E , 2.viii.2016, S. Muhammad-Jafni, 6 males, 2 females, 22.viii.2016, Z.A. Saiful-Azhari, 1 female (PB87) ( FRIM). Hulu Terengganu Tambahan Forest Reserve, Compartment 27, 4.984031 N, 102.932167 E , 30.viii.2016, Z.A. Saiful-Azhari, 4 males, female (UTT27) (FRIM). All but two specimens (in ANIC and MZUM) are preserved in 70% ethanol.

Diagnosis. Dorsally pale yellowish brown with diffuse pale brown pronotal markings; ventral abdomen yellow except for white LO in V6, 7, with narrow black posterior margin of V5; 9.1¯10.6 mm long. The only species of Pygoluciola having a broad apically truncate MPP which inclines without any bend slightly upwards to engage against the under surface of the very narrow T8, and a yellow ventral abdomen with narrow black posterior margin of V5. Female macropterous and observed in flight; bursa plates in form of two elongated slender hooks which incline anteriorly and posteriorly.

Description of male. 9.1 – 10.6 mm long. Colour (Figs 2̄9, 14, 16̄18, 25, 26): creamy yellow semitransparent pronotum with single median, and paired reddish markings along the posterior margin, all of which often coincide with retraction of fat body beneath the cuticle (Figs 2, 4, 6¯9); retraction of fat body along anterior margin of pronotum in ethanol preserved specimens allows black head to be visible from beneath and gives the erroneous impression of a dark marking along the pronotum (e.g. Fig. 9); MN and MS brown; elytra semitransparent, very light brown with lateral margins slightly paler (underlying body outline confuses interpretation of elytral colour especially in ethanol preserved specimens where the elytral punctures are dark brown at their bases) (Figs 2, 6); one of the two pinned Gombak males (Fig. 4) pale creamy yellow dorsally, pronotum with faint traces of median ginger brown markings (single median mark and paired areas along posterior margin); head antennae and palpi black ( Figs 17, 18 ); venter of thorax pale yellow (Figs 3, 6); legs 1, 2 pale brown with black tibiae and tarsi; legs 3 light brown with slightly darker tibiae and black tarsi (BK600 single male with brown tints in middle area of coxae; B19 (1) II has tibiae 3 pale yellow); abdominal ventrites yellow with posterior margin of V5 narrowly black (Figs 3, 6, 14, 25, 26); LO in V7 white, retracted from sides and posterior margin, with white areas at side and area behind LO semitransparent with white fat body visible beneath cuticle (Figs 3, 6, 10, 14), and narrow longitudinal median line on MPP which is brown in the MZUM specimen (Fig. 6); abdominal tergites pale yellowish, semitransparent, T6 slightly darker than rest, T7, 8 slightly paler than preceding tergites ( Fig. 16 shows one of two pinned males).

Pronotum (Figs 2, 4, 5, 7¯9): width subequal to humeral width; median anterior margin broadly rounded and barely produced in front of the broadly rounded anterolateral corners; lateral margins strongly divergent along anterior 2/3 and posterolateral corners rounded and not projecting beyond median posterior margin; surface along posterior margin coinciding with the brown markings may appear elevated (only clearly visible in pinned specimens Figs 7, 8). Elytron (Figs 2, 4, 5): slightly convex sided; interstitial lines not well defined. Head: (Figs 3, 6, 17, 18, 25, 26) GHW 7 x SIW; ASD <ASW. Mouthparts: apical labial palpomere laterally flattened of the form of a broad triangle with inner edge dentate (up to 7 teeth). Antennae ( Figs 17, 18 ): length> 2 x GHW but not attaining 3 x GHW; scape clavate, all other segments elongate slender about 7 x as long as wide. Abdomen (Figs 3, 6, 10̄16): posterior margin of V7 with elongate apically truncate MPP which curves gently upwards with the apex engaging against the underside of T8 ( Fig. 12 ); dorsally reflexed margins of V7 well defined and anterior margin to either side of MPP produced into short rounded pieces (arrowed in Fig. 11 ); reflexed margin in two parts on dorsal surface of MPP where the narrow margin between left and right side is visible from beneath as a line in the middle of the MPP ( Figs 10, 11, 13 ); much darker markings observed in pinned male ( Fig. 13 ) may be due to age and appear to be accumulated material. T8 with narrow triangular posterior margin, lateral wing like projections and elongate slender anterolateral prolongations that diverge ( Fig. 15 ).

Aedeagal sheath ( Figs 22 ̄24): basal ¾ of sheath sternite with narrow sclerotized margins which expand in apical ¼ where they are terminated by a slightly curved, transverse narrow strip of cuticle; to the sides of the apical ¼ (coinciding with the area of expansion of the median strip) there are wider more membranous portions ( Fig. 22 ); tip of sternite terminates in paired narrowed hairy membranous lobes arising at the sides of the transverse strip, and are not clearly visible in Fig. 22 ; anterior margin of tergite shallowly emarginated. Aedeagus ( Figs 19 ̄21): 2.5 x as long as wide and evenly wide along its entire length; basal piece well defined and in two well cuticularised narrow parts; membranous apical section of LL having short apically acute hair bearing lobe at the outer margin just before origin of the more membranous portion (arrowed in Figs 19, 21 ); with dense line of long hairs originating at this lobe and continuing inside their lateral margins ( Fig. 21 ); membranous portion of LL as wide at base as at apex with both lobes having apices irregularly inclined ventrally (assumed to be an artefact of preparation) ( Figs 19 ¯21); ML tapering to a rounded narrow apex, much shorter than LL and extending a little beyond the posterior margin of the darker basal portion of the LL which is widely separated for slightly more than half its length in middorsal line; anterior margin of basal portion of LL asymmetrical, being produced on its left side and margin rounded ( Fig. 20 ).

FIGURES 2–9. (2, 3 J152 (1); 4 Gombak pinned male ANIC; 5, 6 Gombak pinned male MZUM; 9 B192)). 2‾6 habitus, 2, 4, 5 dorsal, 3, 6 ventral; 7‾9 pronota dorsal. Scale line is 1 mm.

Female. ( Figs 25 ̄37). 9.2̄10.3 mm long. Macropterous and taken in flight. Coloured as for male except for white LO in V6 only and V7, 8 pale coloured; V7 may have narrow darker marking in anteromedian area and the darker anterior apodeme of V8 may be visible through the transparent cuticle (e.g. Figs 27 , 30, 33). Abdomen: LO occupying all of V6 only. Reproductive system differs little from what has been described elsewhere. An elongate vagina leads into a muscular bursa which may or may not be expanded ( Figs 36, 37 show muscular striations). Just behind the bursa is the median oviduct (no median oviduct plates were detected). The bursa bears at its anterior end a thinner walled digesting gland, and towards its posterior end a stalked spermatheca which has an expanded base ( Figs 35, 36 ). In some cases these may attain similar size (possibly due to immersion in water during dissection) and it may be difficult to determine which is which e.g. Ballantyne & Lambkin (2006 fig. 37) indicated the spermatheca and digesting gland of essentially equal size. In this species a large spermatheca was observed but whether this was due to immersion in water or not is not clear. There are two long slender needle shaped bursa hooks projecting either forwards or backwards and lying free in the bursa cavity, with the point of attachment to the bursa wall at their junction ( Figs 34 ̄37). Both curve slightly inwards at their apices but their exact method of functioning within the bursa, and how it relates to a spermatophore, is not entirely clear. The posterior ‘plates’ may ensure the spermatophore is held within the bursa.

FIGURES 29–33. Females. (29, 30 PB87 (4); 31 JU100 (6); 32, 33 B19 (2-3)). 29, 31, 32 dorsal; 30 33 ventral. Scale line is 1 mm.

Ecological information. Pygoluciola dunguna sp. nov. is present in forested areas where shallow streams flow. The streams were less than 30 cm deep and 3̄ 10 m wide. All the streams have small rocks and sandy edges ( Fig. 38 ). They were found mainly flying among the undergrowth of the forest, 10̄15 meters above ground ( Fig 39 ). On frequent occasions, the females were collected apparently resting on herbaceous plants. Pairs of P. dunguna sp. nov. were also collected while mating on stems or leaves of undergrowth.

Figures

FIGURE 38. Example of a stream in the habitat of P. dunguna. These streams are shallow having small rocks and sandy edges.

FIGURE 39. The adults of P. dunguna sp. nov. were recorded flying within the undergrowth level of the forest, between 10 and 15 m above ground. Mating pairs were collected on stems and leaves of this vegetation.

FIGURES 17, 18. Head, antennae and mouthparts, dorsal (17) and left lateral. Scale line is 1 mm.

FIGURES 10–16. (10 Gombak pinned male ANIC; 11‾16 Gombak pinned male MZUM). 10 terminal abdomen from behind, ventral surface uppermost; 11 dorsal surface V7 (rounded projections of reflexed dorsal margin arrowed); 12 right lateral terminal abdomen; 13 dorsal surface MPP only; 14, 16 whole abdomen ventral (14) and dorsal; 15 T8 with lateral ‘wings’ arrowed. Scale line is 1 mm.

FIGURES 19–24. 19‾21 Aedeagus 19 ventral; 20 dorsal; 21 left lateral (hairy lobes on LL arrowed). 22‾24 aedeagal sheath 22 ventral (position of bulbous apical lobes arrowed); 23 dorsal; 24 right lateral, hairy lobes arrowed. Scale lines are 1 mm.

FIGURES 25–28. Ventral aspect, mating pairs, male to left (25 JI40 (8), 26 B10 (gap 5-6)). 27, 28 dissected abdomen, anterior end to top of page (B19 (2-3)) 27 ventral; 28 dorsal. Scale line is 1 mm.

FIGURES 34–37. Female reproductive system (B19 (2-3)). 34 system without ovaries, ovipositor to left and digesting gland to right, from above; 35 as for 34 from side expanded base of spermatheca arrowed; 36 detail bursa and expanded base of spermatheca (arrowed); 37 bursa in area of bursa hooks from above. Figure legend: B = bursa; SDG = spermatophore digesting gland; V = valvifers of the ovipositor. Scale lines are 1 mm.