Adusella Haupt, 1918

Sanborn, Allen F., 2019, The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Bolivia including the descriptions of fifteen new species, the resurrection of one genus and two species, seven new combinations, six new synonymies, and twenty-eight new records, Zootaxa 4655 (1), pp. 1-104 : 7-10

Genus Adusella Haupt, 1918 rev. stat., new record

( Fig. 1 )

Adusella Haupt 1918: 84 .

Edholmbergi Delétang 1919: 90 . rev. stat., n. syn.

TYPE SPECIES. Adusella signata Haupt 1918: 84 . (Catamarca, Argentina)

SPECIES INCLUDED. Adusella insignifera ( Berg, 1879) n. comb., Adusella signata Haupt, 1918 n. comb., Adusella venturii ( Distant, 1906c) n. comb.

REMARKS. The Argentine species of Odopoea are separated by a significant geographic distance from the other species of Odopoea found in Central America and the Greater Antilles ( Metcalf 1963a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2013; Goemans 2016). Goemans (2016) produced a molecular phylogeny of the Neotropical Zammarini using a mitochondrial gene and a nuclear gene in which the Argentine species of Odopoea form a separate clade from all other Zammarini using the individual genes as well as combining the gene sequences for the analyses. These data show the current concept of Odopoea is not monophyletic. These analyses provided evidence that the southern species should not be classified in the genus Odopoea and represent a different genus.

Detailed examination of specimens from across the range of the genus in its current concept shows there are significant differences in the genitalia structure in the northern and southern species of Odopoea . The Caribbean species, that include the type species of the genus O. dilatata ( Fabricius, 1775) , have an uncus that has lobate lateral branches, the Central American species have an extended median uncus lobe that is flattened and bent when viewed from the side while the southern species have an uncus that has a thin, extended and arched median uncus lobe with lateral flanges near the base. As a result, there is biogeographical, molecular, and morphological evidence to suggest the southern species of Odopoea represent a different genus. The previous synonymy of Adusella rev. stat. into Odopoea provides a genus in which the southern species can be assigned without the formation of a new genus. Therefore, Adusella rev. stat. is elevated from junior synonymy and the southern species transferred to Adusella rev. stat. Images of a male syntype and a female syntype of Adusella signata n. comb. in the Landesmuseum Hannover confirm the general characteristics of the genus also found in the specimens of A. insignifera n. comb. and A. venturii n. comb. that were available for the redescription.

Torres (1945) synonymized Adusella rev. stat. and Edholmbergi rev. stat., n. syn. into Odopoea Stål, 1861 . The generic synonymy was made without comment about why the taxa represented synonyms (Torres 1945). He may have transferred the species to Odopoea based on Distant’s (1906c) description of O. venturii and his synonymy of Haupt’s (1918) Argentine species to O. venturii . Distant (1906c) placed the female holotype, and only example that he had when describing the species, in Odopoea as Odopoea was the only valid generic option based on general characteristics and the inability to examine the male morphology on which he based most of his higher taxonomy. Haupt (1918) may not have had the opportunity to study Distant’s species and include it in his new genus.

In support of Torres’ (1945) view, the images of A. signata n. comb. in Haupt (1918) and E. lebruni Delétang (1919) appear to be the same species. The taxon Tettigades lebruni Distant, 1906e was misapplied by Delétang (1919) and used as the type species for his genus Edholmbergi rev. stat., n. syn. Torres also synonymized A. signata n. comb. and E. lebruni Delétang, 1919 with A. venturii n. comb. (Torres 1945) after examining Delétang’s specimens but not Distant’s species. Since A. signata n. comb. and E. lebruni are considered synonyms, Edholmbergi rev. stat., n. syn. is elevated from junior synonymy with Odopoea and instead becomes a junior synonym of Adusella rev. stat.

Although Torres (1945) synonymized A. signata n. comb. and E. lebruni Delétang, 1919 with A. venturii n. comb., we elevated A. signata n. comb. from junior synonymy with A. venturii n. comb. based on differences in the descriptions of the two species ( Sanborn & Heath 2014). In addition, we showed what appears to be geographical separation in the northerly-distributed A. venturii n. comb. and southerly distributed A. signata n. comb. ( Sanborn & Heath 2014). These differences were confirmed with the images of the syntypes of A. signata n. comb. and the available specimen of A. venturii n. comb.

DESCRIPTION. The following description is intended to clarify the taxon. I have attempted to include the characters used by Haupt (1918) and Delétang (1919) in the descriptions of their respective genera along with structures used by Distant (1906c) in his description of Odopoea venturii . Images of the Haupt syntypes (NLHD) were also studied to construct the descriptions. I have expanded the descriptions to include characters that are currently considered significant to distinguish cicada taxa like the genitalia as well as standardizing the terminology to the current standard ( Moulds 2005).

Body size variable (20.9–36 mm body length). Head including eyes as wide as the base of the mesonotum. Frons and anteromedial vertex very inclined, forming a right angle with the dorsal head, vertex at area of ocelli as long as or a little longer than frons. Ocelli almost twice to more than twice as far away from the eyes as from each other. Postclypeus apex flaccidly curved when viewed from above, anterior of frons about as wide as the postclypeus apex visible from above. Postclypeus roof-shaped (flatly arched) ventrally, not profoundly centrally sulcate, central sulcus that may or may not reach apex, the transverse ridges prominent, rostrum length species specific, ranging in length from slightly passing the intermediate coxae to barely reaching the hind trochanters. Six or seven segmented antennae. Pronotum shorter than mesonotum with lateral expansions extended much further than eyes, not prominently angulated but angularly rounded, the anterior margin slightly curved, the posterior margin straight, mesonotum longer than pronotum, cruciform elevation with open V-shaped posterior margin covering dorsal metanotum, metanotum extends laterally beyond wing groove. Trochantin 1 split obliquely into two truncated, humpback-like distensions, with a notch on either end of the split. Fore femur primary spine finger-like almost or adpressed to femur, secondary spine smaller, wider at base, upright or slightly angled distally, tertiary spine very small to half the size of secondary spine. Hind tibiae with two tibial spurs laterally and two tibial spurs medially (tibial spurs reported on the middle tibiae and number on the hind tibia reduced from Haupt (1918) description). Male operculum large covering tympanal cavity, semicircular, posterior margin may have straight region, overlapping on the midline, female operculum similarly shaped but smaller reaching medially only to meracanthus, meracanthus triangular, elongated and tapering to a point, not reaching to middle of male operculum, female meracanthus of similar shape to male for each species extending beyond posterior margin of female operculum. Fore wings generally broad, with rounded apex, fore wing length to width ratio 2.57 in A. signata n. comb., 3.04 in A. venturii n. comb., and 3.13 in A. insignifera n. comb., narrow costal membrane widening only near the base, with eight apical cells (seven apical cells in drawing and description by Haupt (1918) but images of both male and female syntypes have eight apical cells), the origins of the median vein and cubitus anterior veins are separated by approximately the vein width at the basal cell, basal cell longer than broad, infuscation and pterostigma present, may be intense, cubitus anterior 1 longer beyond crossvein than proximal to crossvein, radial and radiomedial crossveins generally parallel. Hind wing with six apical cells, anal vein 3 curved at distal end, anal lobe broad. Abdomen roof-shaped, about as long as or slightly longer than the distance between the apex of the head and the cruciform elevation, lateral margins parallel at base until the abdomen begins narrowing posteriorly to the genitalia, tympana concealed by opercula. Timbal cover with a sinusoidal upper margin (Haupt describes as ~-shaped) exposing the dorsal timbal, apex curved and bent mediad, timbal extending below wing bases. Male sternite VIII V-shaped. Pygofer dorsal beak very small, broadly triangular, distal shoulders rounded, upper pygofer lobe absent, basal pygofer lobe short, median uncus lobe roof-shaped at base becoming smoothly curved distally where it curves anteriorly, lateral branch of uncus extending at an angle from median uncus lobe at about half distance to median uncus lobe apex forming a tripartite tip of the uncus, male aedeagus simple, curving in a gentle arc. Female sternite VII lacks a posterior extension of the notch beyond the transverse posterior margin adjacent to the notch with a curved posterolateral margin. Female abdominal segment 9 with dorsal beak well defined, posterior margin sinuate ovipositor sheath extending beyond the length of the dorsal beak.

DIAGNOSIS. The genus Adusella can be distinguished from all Zammarini except Odopoea by a combination of the three tarsomeres, the separate attachment of the median and cubitus anterior veins on the basal cell, and the width of the pronotum being less than 1.5 times the width of the head as these characters separated Odopoea from all other Zammarini ( Goemans 2010) . The species of Odopoea can be distinguished by the uncus with lobate lateral branches, the dorsal beak in the male being extending beyond the dorsal shoulder, the transverse posterior margin in the female operculum, and the posterior extension at the posterior notch in female sternite VII of the Caribbean species and the flattened median uncus lobe bent when viewed from the side, a dorsal beak extending the length of the pygofer dorsal shoulder, and the posterior extension of the female operculum, and the posterior extension at the posterior notch in female sternite VII in the Central American species rather than the thin, extended, and arching median uncus lobe with lateral branch of the uncus extending laterally near the base of the median uncus lobe forming a tripartite uncus, the very small dorsal beak not extending the length of the dorsal pygofer shoulders, the semicircular female operculum and lack of posterior extension at the posterior notch in female sternite VII found in Adusella .

DISTINGUISHING FEATURES. The species of Adusella can be distinguished from the other Bolivian cicada taxa by the lateral extensions of the pronotum. In addition, the tribal characteristics can be used to distinguish the species of the genus.

DISTRIBUTION. Species of the genus have been recorded previously from Argentina and Peru ( Metcalf 1963a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2013; Sanborn & Heath 2014). The first records for Bolivia are provided here and fill a gap in the previously known distribution.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Comparison of Adusella rev. stat. and Odopoea morphology: A, Adusella venturii (Distant, 1906c) n. comb. (top) and Odopoea dilatata (Fabricius, 1775) (bottom) habitus; B, Adusella venturii n. comb. dorsum; C, Odopoea dilatata dorsum; D, Adusella insignifera (Berg, 1879) n. comb. lateral view of male genitalia; E, Adusella insignifera n. comb. posterior view of genitalia; F, Odopoea funesta (Walker, 1858b) lateral view of male genitalia; G, Odopoea funesta posterior view of male genitalia; H, Adusella venturii n. comb. ventral view of female genitalia; I, Odopoea cariboea Uhler, 1892 ventral view of female genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B–C, 5 mm; D–G, 1 mm; H–I, 2 mm.