Thraulodes spangleri Traver & Edmunds 1967

Kluge, Nikita J., 2020, Systematic position of Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) and descriptions of new and little-known species, Zootaxa 4756 (1), pp. 1-142 : 91-94

12. Thraulodes spangleri Traver & Edmunds 1967

( Figs 379–410 )

Thraulodes spangleri Traver & Edmunds 1967: 377 , figs 30, 53, 57 (♂ and ♀ imago).

Material examined. PANAMA, Provincia Chiriqui, La Esperanza, 7 km NNW Gualaca , Rio Chiriqui (8°35’N, 82°20’W), 15–22.I.2018, coll. N. Kluge & L. Sheyko: 5 S-I ♂, 4 S-I ♀, 1 I ♀, 2 L /S ♂.

Descriptions.

Larva. CUTICULAR COLORATION ( Figs 379–483 ). Dorsal side of head, thorax and abdomen mostly brown with few blanks: pronotum bordered by light laterally; abdominal terga with blanks on lateral parts, area mediad of tergalii attachments nearly unicolor brown, terga VIII–IX with diffusive blank medially. Femora mostly brown, with blanks; tibiae and tarsi uniformly light brown.

HYPODERMAL COLORATION. Abdominal hypodermal coloration unknown. Tergalii yellowish with gray, tracheae black ( Fig. 385 ).

SHAPE AND SETATION. Clypeus parallel-sided; labrum 1.2–1.3 times wider than clypeus ( Fig. 389 ). Labrum widest at midlength, with narrow median emargination exposed ventrally; if all 5 denticles present, bottom of median emargination formed by 3 narrower denticles and its sides formed by 2 wide denticles ( Fig. 390–391 ) (some denticles can be fused); anterior transverse setal row wider than all 5 denticles, in its median part represents field of irregularly situated setae ( Figs 393–394 ). Maxilla with 17 pectinate setae in apical-ventral row.

Femora: Stout setae on anterior surface narrowed distally or parallel-sided, apically blunt ( Fig. 387 ). Irregular row of hairs near inner margin absent on fore femur, present on middle and hind femora.

Fore tibia ( Fig. 386 ): outer hairs form two irregular rows; inner-anterior row of recurved hairs absent; inneranterior row of stout setae represented by few (2–3) stout setae near tibia base; inner field of stout pointed setae, consists of 2 well-distinguishable rows: one regular anterior row formed by short, curved, tridentate or bidentate (i.e. vestigial bipectinate) pointed stout setae, and one regular posterior row formed by long, straight, non-pectinate, pointed stout setae.

Hind tibia ( Fig. 388 ): outer-anterior and outer-posterior rows of stout setae consist of narrowed distally, blunt stout setae of various lengths and long spoon-like setae; hairs located between these rows, numerous and form more than one row (besides row of hairs posteriad of outer-posterior row of stout setae); stout setae of inner-anterior row of various lengths, narrowed distally and blunt.

Claws with 6–8 denticles on rigid portion, with or without minute denticles on articulatory portion.

Tergalii ( Fig. 385 ): each lamella slender, tracheae without side branches.

Male genitalia in last larval instar ( Fig. 407 ): protogonostyli moderately long and separated one from another by emargination with convex setose bottom. Each protopenis lobe smoothly stretched to gonopore-bearing process located near median margin; gonopores opened caudally.

Subimago ( Figs 384, 386–387 , 406 ). CUTICULAR COLORATION. Cuticle with colorless, light brownish and dark brown areas. Pronotum medially colorless, lateral areas diffusively shed by light brown. Mesonotum with diffusively outlined light brown macula occupying median part of anteronotal protuberance and anteronotal transverse impression; antelateroparapsidal and lateroparapsidal sutures dark brown either entirely ( Fig. 396 ), or partly ( Fig. 397 ); posterior part of lateroscutum and median part of posterior scutal protuberance brown; chromozones either colorless ( Figs 397 ), or chromozone of medioscutum colored as a light brownish stripe separated from brown light macula on anteronotal transverse impression ( Fig. 396 ). Thoracic pleura and sterna mostly colorless. On fore leg femur partly colorless, on outer and inner margins brownish, with narrow dark brown band at apex; tibia brown, darker brown proximally and distally; tarsus brown. Middle and hind legs lighter, without dark brown band on apex of femur, with tibia uniformly light brown. Cuticle of wings colorless, microtrichia light brownish. Abdominal terga light brownish with composite maculation; sterna colorless; gonostyli and caudalii light brown.

TEXTURE. On tarsi of all legs, 1st tarsomere with microtrichia (as tibia), 2nd–5th tarsomeres coved by blunt microlepides; pointed microlepides present near apical margins of 2nd–4th tarsomeres of middle and hind legs (as in Fig. 473 ).

Male imago ( Figs 398–400 ). Anterior part of head (bearing antennae) whitish, posterior part (bearing ocelli) brown with ocher. Antenna ocher, pedicellus either orange, or with apex brown. Dorsal eyes contiguous medially, dull orange.

Pronotum ocher with blackish-brown median stripe and brown lateral areas. Mesonotum and metanotum ocher with brown. Thoracic pleura ocher with interrupted blackish-brown stripe above coxa. Mesothoracic basisternum ocher; episterna and furcasternal protuberances from orange to brown; furcasternal median impression ocher, with peculiar round dark brown spot ( Fig. 400 ).

Cuticle of legs mostly colorless; on fore leg apex of femur and base of tibia with cuticle light brown. Legs with following hypodermal pigmentation on whitish background. Fore femur: middle 1/3 on anterior-inner side orange with blackish-brown; middle 1/3 on posterior side occupied by blackish-brown spot; distal 1/3 on both sides occupied by orange band; on posterior side apical orange band separated from middle brown spot by oblique non-pigmented stripe; inner margin of femur at distal 2/3 blackish-brown. Fore tibia apically blackish-brown; tarsus with last segment apically brown. Middle and hind femur with irregular, diffusive gray-brown spot in middle part and multicolored pre-apical band located within apical 0.4 of femur; pre-apical band mainly orange-brown, proximally with blackish-brown, on inner side with blackish-brown longitudinal stripes; apical 0.1 of femur non-pigmented. In selected individual, relation of fore femur to fore wing length 65:280; proportions femur/tibia/tarsomeres on fore leg 65:97:3:18:15:11:9; on middle leg 63:70:3:3:3:2:8; on hind leg 75:75:3:3:3:2:8.

Fore wing with well developed costal cross veins proximad of bulla; pterostigmatic cross veins moderately dense, either simple, or partly anastomosed ( Fig. 398 ). Longitudinal veins light ocher, cross veins brown; dark brown macula on crossing of costal brace and Sc; cross veins of anterior-proximal area of wing (including proximal costals) bordered by brown. Hind wing with all veins light ocher, without coloration (even costal brace non-colored), with prominent costal projection ( Fig. 408 ). Coloration of fore wing partly appear during larval development, being in subimago less contrasting than in imago.

Abdominal hypodermal coloration: Tergum I brown. Terga II–VI light ocher, translucent, with pair of wide brown oblique lateral stripes widest on tergum II and narrowest on tergum VI; pleura with small brown stigmatic dots. Terga VII–X orange with whitish median stripe; tergum VII with whitish poster-lateral areas; tergum VIII with whitish lateral and posterior areas connected with whitish median stripe. Sterna I–IX ocher. Caudalii whitish, with black spots on each joining; in proximal part of caudalius each 2nd joining with enlarged black spot, in distal part of caudalius each 4th joining with enlarged black spot.

Genitalia ( Figs 402–406 ): Styliger light ocher; gonostyli mostly light ocher, preapical segment brown. Dorsal extension of styliger long and parallel-sided. Penis lobes sharply widened and divergent apically, with prominent lateral pouches. Apico-lateral area forming ear, projected laterally. Telopenes in form of spear-like rolls, attached on dorsal side and directed medially-dorsally, nearly straight, with groove opened dorsally-laterally ( Figs 403, 405 ).

Female imago ( Fig. 401 ). Abdominal terga II–VI brownish with ocher; in other respects coloration similar to that of male.

Eggs ( Figs 409–410 ). Mostly barrel-shaped. Each KTC surrounded by wide, smooth ring-like cover. Large and small protuberances densely located close to these rings and less densely on other chorion.

Dimension. Fore wing length (and approximate body length) 6–7 mm.

Distribution. Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica ( Traver & Edmunds 1967); Panama (this study).

Figures

FIGURES 379–388. Thraulodes spangleri. 379–383, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 379–381, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 382, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 383, abdominal terga and sterna; 384, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva; 385, tergalius; 386, larval fore tibia with subimaginal tibia inside and hypodermal dark brown markings; 387, anterior side of larval hind femur; 388, anterior side of larval hind tibia.

FIGURES 389–395. Thraulodes spangleri, labrum. 389–391, one specimen: 389, general view with focus on dorsal side and posterior transverse setal row; 390, focus on ventral side and denticles; 391, outline of denticles separated by four sensilla (shown as dots). 392–395, another specimen: 392, focus on dorsal side and posterior setal row; 393, focus on anterior transverse setal row (transformed to field of irregularly situated setae); 394, focus on denticles and tips of irregularly situated setae of the anterior row; 395, outlines of vestigial denticles separated by incisions and two sensilla.

FIGURES 396–402. Thraulodes spangleri. 396–397, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 398–400, male imago in lateral, dorsal and ventral view; 401, female imago; 402, genitalia of male imago.

FIGURES 403–408. Thraulodes spangleri. 403–404, genitalia of male imago in lateral and ventral view; 405, apex of penis in dorsal view; 406, subimaginal exuviae of styliger, gonostylus and spear-like rolls; 407, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 408, hind wing.

FIGURES 409–410. Thraulodes spangleri, eggs.

FIGURES 411–426. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 411, larval claw; 412–413, 414–418 and 419–420, larval exuviae of three specimens at the same magnification; 421, larval abdomen with ocher cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 422, anterior side of hind femur; 423, anterior side of fore tibia; 424, the same with focus on more posterior setae; 425, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 426, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (412–413, holotype).

FIGURES 427–438. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 427–428, head and thorax of male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 429, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 430, the same of male subimago; 431, subimaginal mesonotum; 432–433, genitalia of male imago with focus on styliger and on penis; 434, female imago; 435, its left fore wing; 436–437, its fore and middle legs; 438, subimaginal exuviae of fore wing (427–429, 432–433, 438, holotype).

FIGURES 439–447. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 439, apex of penis in dorsal view; 440, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 441, their subimaginal exuviae; 442, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 443, hind wing; 444–447, tergalii I, III, VI and VII.

FIGURES 448–449. Thraulodes niger sp. n., eggs.

FIGURES 450–463. Larvae, presumably attributed to Thraulodes nigrabdominalis sp. n. 450–455, parts of last instar larva at the same magnification: 450, fragment of head with labrum and mandibles; 451, pronotum and mesonotum; 452, hind leg; 453, abdominal terga; 454–455, tergalii IV–V; 456–458, exuviae of young larva at the same magnification: 456–457, fore and hind legs; 458, abdominal terga and sterna; 459, young larva with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal coloration; 460, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 461, anterior side of hind femur; 462, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 463, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae.

FIGURES 464–473. Thraulodes nigrabdominalis sp. n. (holotype). 464, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 465, 466, male imago; 467–469, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 470, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg; 471, genitalia of male imago; 472, apex of penis; 473, subimaginal exuviae of tarsus.

FIGURES 474–478. Thraulodes nigrabdominalis sp. n. 474, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 475, their subimaginal exuviae; 476, hind wing; 477–478, protogonostyli and protopenis of presumably associated larva, with subimaginal gonostyli and styliger at early stage of development shown by interrupted line (474–476, holotype).

FIGURES 479–490. Thraulodes nigripes sp. n. 479–483 and 484–486, larval exuviae of two specimens at the same magnification: 479, abdominal terga; 480, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 481 and 484–486, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 482–483, fore and hind legs; 487, anterior side of hind femur; 488, anterior side of fore tibia; 489, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 490, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (484–486, holotype).