Eustala farroupilha, Poeta, Maria Rita Muniz, 2014

Poeta, Maria Rita Muniz, 2014, The orb-weaving spider genus Eustala Simon, 1895 (Araneae, Araneidae): eight new species, redescriptions, and new records, Zootaxa 3872 (5), pp. 440-466 : 451-452

Eustala farroupilha new species

Figs 56–64 , 86

Type material. Holotype: ♂, Morro da Fortaleza , Itapuã , Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 29°59’S, 51°00’W, 21.–22.IX.1992, A. Braul ( MCTP 2652 ). Paratypes: ♀, ( MCTP 2652 ); 3♀, both with same data as holotype ( MCTP 34689 ); 2♂, Parque Tingui , Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, 25°15’S, 49°14’W, VII.1995, J. Ricetti & E. Xavier ( MCTP 35516 ).

Additional material examined. BRAZIL, Santa Catarina : Florianópolis ( Reserva Biológica Marinha do Arvoredo ), 27°04’S, 48°18’W, ♂, 05.–06.X.1995, A.A. Lise et al. ( MCTP 7448 ). Rio Grande do Sul: São Francisco de Paula, 29°14’S, 50°31’W, ♂, 24.X.1996, R. Ott ( MCTP 10589 ); Guaíba , 30°00’S, 51°18’W, 2♂, 26.VIII.1994, A.A. Lise et al. ( MCTP 7979 ); Viamão ( Itapuã , Praia das Pombas ), 29°59’S, 51°00’W, ♂, 19.I.1977, E.H. Buckup ( MCN 5036 ); ♂, 15.I.2002, H.P. Romanowski ( MCN 34802 ); Glorinha, 29°52’S, 50°47’W, ♂, 14.VII.2000, A.B. Bonaldo ( MCN 33062 ); Triunfo ( Estação Ambiental Braskem ), 29°56’S, 51°43’W, 2♂, 25.III.2005, R. Ott ( MCN 39963 , 39996 ); ♂, 07.XII.2005, A. Barcelos ( MCN 40076 ); ♂, 13.IX.2011, M.A.L. Marques ( MCN 48196 ); Gravataí ( Morungava ), 29°56’S, 51°00’W, ♀, 20. VI.2013, E. Federolf ( MCTP 36785 ); Porto Alegre ( Morro São Pedro ), 30°01’S, 51°13’W, ♂, 26.XI.2003, R. Ott & A. Barcelos ( MCN 36357 ); Guabiju ( Fundação Cultural e Social Guabijuense ), 28°32’S, 51°41’W, ♂, 09.–11.X.2000, A. Franceschini ( MCN 33387 ).

Etymology. The Farroupilha Revolution was an emblematic revolutionary movement ( Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, 1835–1845). Even nowadays these battles are narrated in an epic tone and its protagonists considered as heroes, by their supposed resistance against the oppression of the political and economic center of Brazil, or by the hypothetical desire of liberalization and 'republicanization' of the country ( Zalla & Menegat 2011). The specific name is a tribute for the 32 soldiers who died by Imperial attack in 1836 at Morro da Fortaleza (type-locality).

Diagnosis. The male palp of Eustala farroupilha n. sp. ( Figs 56, 57 ) resembles those of E. mourei ( Figs 75, 76 ) and E. photographica (see Poeta et al. 2010a: 158, figures 30, 31) by the laminar terminal apophysis and by the “null" subterminal apophysis (not balloon-like) that has a transparent projection. Eustala farroupilha n. sp. palp differs from E. mourei by the apical portion of the embolus that is equal or longer than the basis of the embolus ( Fig. 56 ), which is shorter than the basis of the embolus in E. mourei ( Fig. 75 ). It also differs from this species by the subterminal apophysis projection that is shorter (mesal view, Fig. 56 ) than that present in E. mourei , which reaches the conductor ( Fig. 75 ). Differs from E. photographica by lack of the proeminet tegular projection (see Poeta et al. 2010a: 158, figures 30, 31). Eustala farroupilha n. sp. presents the tegulum with a strongly serrated border (ventral view, Fig. 57 ), which is absent in both E. mourei and E. photographica . The epigynum of E. farroupilha n. sp. ( Figs 59–63 ) has a short annulated scape, as E. cidae n. sp. ( Figs 32, 34 ), but differs by the sinuous border of the lateral plates (ventral view, Fig. 59 ) and by lack of the conspicuous projections on the median plate of E. cidae n. sp.

Description. Male (holotype, MCTP 2652 ) : Carapace orange; narrow ocular area. Posterior median posterior eyes and lateral eyes with black border and a few white setae near the lateral eyes. Sternum pale yellow with white pigment and light gray border. Abdomen subtriangular, dorsum light gray crackled with greenish-gray folium and a posterior hump ( Fig. 58 ). Venter white with well-defined dark gray band from the epigastric furrow to the spinnerets and a small central white patch. Legs pale yellow with light brown bands. Total length 5.1. Carapace length 2.2, width 2.6. Leg formula 1243. Length leg I: femur 3.8; patella+tibia 4.5; metatarsus 2.8; tarsus 1.1; total 12.2. Patella+tibia II 3.7; III 1.7; IV 2.9.

Female (paratype, MCTP 2652 ) : Carapace dark yellow with white pigment; median posterior eyes and lateral eyes with black border, and a few white setae near the lateral eyes. Sternum yellow, with white pigment and gray border. Abdomen subtriangular, dorsum grayish-white crackled with a losangular brown patch and a posterior hump ( Fig. 64 ). Venter yellow with a well-defined dark gray band from the epigastric furrow to the spinnerets and a small central white patch. Legs pale yellow with light brown bands. Total length 6.1. Carapace length 2.3, width 2.0. Leg, formula 1243. Length leg I: femur 4.1; patella+tibia 3.6; metatarsus 2.4; tarsus 0.9; total 11.0. Patella+tibia II 3.2; III 1.4; IV 2.3.

Variation. Male (n=5): total 5.2–6.7; carapace length 2.2–3.2, width 2.3–2.7. Carapace orange with an anterior pair of long brown setae. Abdomen oval, pale yellow and with inconspicuous humps. Female (n=4): total 5.9–6.8; carapace length 2.0–2.5, width 1.8–2.1. The color of abdomen may be greenish-gray, without well-demarcated folium.

Distribution. Brazil: Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul ( Fig. 86 ).

Figures

FIGURES 56 – 64. Eustala farroupilha n. sp. 56, 57, Palp (56, mesal; 57, ventral). 58, Male habitus, dorsal. 59 – 63, Epigynum (59, ventral; 60, posterior; 61, lateral; 62, posterior, cleared; 63, lateral, cleared). 64, Female habitus, dorsal. Abbreviations: A, terminal apophysis; Sp, subterminal apophysis projection; Tb, tegular border. Scale bars, 56, 57, 59 – 63, 0.25 mm; 58, 64, 1 mm.

FIGURE 85 – 87. Records of the Eustala species. 85, Eustala guarani n. sp., E. catarina n. sp., E. ericae n. sp., and E. cidae n. sp. 86, Eustala lisei n. sp., E. cuia n. sp., E. farroupilha n. sp., and E. eldorado n. sp. 87, Eustala ulecebrosa (Keyserling, 1892), E. itapocuensis Strand, 1916, E. photographica Mello-Leitão, 1944, and E. mourei Mello-Leitão, 1947. Scale bars, 500 km.

FIGURES 75 – 84. Eustala mourei Mello-Leitão, 1947. 75, 76, Palp (75, mesal; 76, ventral). 77, Male habitus, dorsal. 78 – 83, Epigynum (78, ventral; 79, posterior; 80, lateral; 81, lateral (positionated as Levi 2007); 82, posterior, cleared; 83, lateral, cleared). 84, Female habitus, dorsal. Abbreviations: A, terminal apophysis; Sp, subterminal apophysis projection. Scale bars, 75, 76, 78 – 83, 0.25 mm; 77, 84, 1 mm.

FIGURES 29 – 37. Eustala cidae n. sp. 29, 30, Palp (29, mesal; 30, ventral). 31, Male habitus, dorsal. 32 – 36, Epigynum (32, ventral; 33, posterior; 34, lateral; 35, posterior, cleared; 36, lateral, cleared). 37, Female habitus dorsal. Abbreviations: S, subterminal apophysis. Scale bars, 29, 30, 0.5 mm; 32 – 36, 0.25 mm; 31, 37, 2 mm.