BIGNONIACEAE

Pace, Marcelo R., Marcati, Carmen R., Lohmann, Lúcia G. & Angyalossy, Veronica, 2023, Bark anatomy of lianescent Bignoniaceae: a generic synopsis, Adansonia (3) 45 (12), pp. 167-210 : 199-200

SECTION 5. KEY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF LIANA BIGNONIACEAE GENERA USING BARK ANATOMY

1a. Cambial variant absent ............................................................................................................................... 2

1b. Cambial variant present ............................................................................................................................. 4

2a. Single periderm .......................................................................................................................................... 3

2b. Multiple sequent periderms (rhytidome) ........................................... Podranea ricasoliana (Tanfani) Sprague

3a. Phellem non-stratified .................................................................... Pandorea jasminoides (Lindl.) Schumann

3b. Phellem stratified ........................................ Tanaecium tetramerum (A.H.Gentry) Zuntini & L.G.Lohmann

4a. Intraxylary phloem (dumbbell shaped in the pith) ( Fig. 3A insert) ..................... Campsis radicans (L.) Seem.

4b. Phloem arcs in non-equidistant fashion ( Fig. 3B ) ........................... Pandorea jasminoides (Lindl.) Schumann

4c. Four equidistant phloem arcs ( Fig. 3D ) .......................................................... Perianthomega vellozoi Bureau

4d. Four to multiples of four equidistant phloem wedges ................................................................................. 5

5a. Four phloem wedges in stems thicker than 2 cm ( Fig. 3E ) ......................................................................... 6

5b. Multiples of four phloem wedges in stems thicker than 2 cm ( Fig. 3G ) .................................................... 11

5c. Included phloem wedges (close to the pith) in stems thicker than 4 cm ( Fig. 3I ) ........................................... ................................................................................................. Amphilophium Kunth emend L.G.Lohmann

5d. Multiple dissected phloem wedges, limiting rays greatly dividing and dissecting the tissues inside the stem ( Fig. 3H ) ..................................................................................... Dolichandra Cham. emend L.G.Lohmann

6a. Regular phloem non-stratified, with exclusively sclereids ................................................... Pleonotoma Miers

6b. Regular phloem stratified, with fiber bands ................................................................................................ 7

7a. Hollow stems .................................................................................................................. Stizophyllum Miers

7b. Pith not-hollow, parenchymatic ................................................................................................................. 8

8a. Phloem wedges with lateral steps ................................................................................................................ 9

8b. Phloem wedges without lateral steps, even in large stems (over 3 cm) ........ Tanaecium Sw. emend L.G.Lohmann

8c. Variant phloem non-fibrous .......................................................................................................................... .......................... Adenocalymma Mart. ex Meisn. emend L.G.Lohmann, Callichlamys Miq. , Martinella Baill.

8d. Variant phloem semi-fibrous or fibrous .................................................................................................... 11

9a. Phloem wedges lateral steps almost perfectly symmetrical on both sides (perfectly V shaped) ........................ ................................................................................................................... Cuspidaria DC. , Tynanthus Miers

9b. Phloem wedges not perfectly V shaped, lateral steps not symmetrical ....................................................... 10

10a. Fiber bands with fibers conspicuously radially elongated ........................................... Manaosella J.C.Gomes

10b. Fiber bands with rectangular to polygonal fibers ............................................................................................ Adenocalymma Mart. ex Meisn. emend L.G.Lohmann, Fridericia Mart. emend L.G.Lohmann, Xylophragma Sprague

11a. Fresh stems with strong garlic smell, non-fibrous phloem .......................................................... Mansoa DC.

11b. Fresh stems without a garlic smell ............................................................................................................ 12

12a. Variant phloem non-fibrous ..................................................................................................................... 13

12b. Variant phloem fibrous ....... Adenocalymma Mart. ex Meisn. emend L.G.Lohmann, Lundia DC. , Mansoa DC.

13a. Periderm with prismatic crystals ............................................... Amphilophium Kunth emend L.G.Lohmann

13b. Periderm without crystals ........................................... Adenocalymma Mart. ex Meisn. emend L.G.Lohmann, ..................................................... Anemopaegma Mart. ex Meisn. , Bignonia L., Mansoa DC. , Pyrostegia C.Presl

Figures

FIG. 3. — Stem cross-sections illustrating the diversity of stem architectures in Bignoniaceae lianas:A, Campsis radicans, transverse section (TS). Phloem wedges absent. Intraxylary secondary phloem and xylem present, note center of the pith totally occupied in the insert, giving a dumbbell shape to the pith; B, Pandorea jasminoides, TS, irregular, wavy cambium, forming irregular shallow arcs; C, Podranea ricasoliana, TS, irregular, wavy cambium. Insert: narrow waves of the cambium; D, Perianthomega vellozoi, TS, Type 1, four wide phloem arcs;E, Tynanthus cognatus, TS, Type 2, four phloem wedges;F, Adenocalymma nodosum, TS, Type 3, four phloem arcs, variant cambium without anticlinal divisions; G, Mansoa onohualcoides, TS, Type 4, multiple of four phloem wedges; H, Dolichandra unguis­cati, TS, Type 5, multiple dissected phloem wedges; I, Amphilophium crucigerum, TS, Type 6, included phloem wedges. Scale bars: 0.5 cm. Scale bars in inserts: 2 mm.