Josephinus reinhardi (Carvalho and Schaffner) Schwartz, 2011

Schwartz, Michael D., 2011, Revision And Phylogenetic Analysis Of The North American Genus Slaterocoris Wagner With New Synonymy, The Description Of Five New Species And A New Genus From Mexico, And A Review Of The Genus Scalponotatus Kelton (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2011 (354), pp. 1-290 : 67-71

Josephinus reinhardi (Carvalho and Schaffner) , new combination

Figures 9–11 ; plate 1 ; map 1

Slaterocoris reinhardi Carvalho and Schaffner, 1973: 84 , figs. 27–30 (orig. desc.); Schuh 1995: 198 (catalog).

DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished by the relatively large size; the variable coloration ranging from entirely pale yellowish or orange-brown to black with pale yellowish to orange-brown head; the densely distributed dorsal vestiture; and the structure of the male genitalia (fig. 10).

REDESCRIPTION: Male: Relatively large, obovate; length 3.05–3.80, width 1.53–1.78 (pl. 1). COLORATION: Entirely pale yellowish brown, except for darkened distal portion of antennal segment II and margin of cuneus, or with variable areas of contrasting pale orange-brown and dark brown, to entirely black with pale yellowish brown head; head pale yellowish brown, clypeus darker brown, sometimes sunken dorsomedial portion of frons diffusely black, or entire central region of frons dark brown to black; apex of labium brown to black; antenna pale yellowish brown, segment II usually distally dark, sometimes completely black; segments III and IV diffusely brown; pronotum pale yellowish brown; frequently with dark brown to black on humeral angles and usually along posterior margin or on variable portion of disc posteriorly, sometimes only calli pale; sometimes entire pronotum pale yellow brown or black; scutellum pale yellowish brown to black; hemelytra ranging from uniformly pale yellowish brown with darkened margin of cuneus or most uniformly brownish black to black; membrane dark brown. Venter from propleuron to abdomen ranging from pale yellowish brown to black; if calli pale and remainder of pronotal disc darker then posterior margin of propleuron brownish black; abdomen sometimes brownish black laterally; legs from coxa to apex of femur, tarsomere I, and II pale yellowish brown, tibia ranging from pale yellowish brown to black; tarsomere III dark brown to black. VESTITURE: Dense, long, silvery, suberect simple and some sericeous setae along claval suture (fig. 9C). DORSAL SCULPTURATION: With broad shinglelike plates predominating, minute, discrete punctures underlying plates present but difficult to discern; frons smooth. GENITALIA: Pygophore: Tergal process absent, only with aperture right of midline thickened (fig. 10F). Phallotheca: Aperture sinuate, widest at base on right side, continuing distally on right surface, reaching apex with large opening, curving ventrally on left side; apex of phallotheca with sclerotized plate. (fig. 10B). Endosomal spicule: Membrane attached directly to base; spicule body sinuate, thick until reaching subapex, then bifurcate, one short ramus narrow, curved, pointed, longer ramus recurved, with variable number of long, narrow spines at base, gradually decreasing in length until reaching apex; dorsal lobe present as small spine on left border of spicule (figs. 9F, 10A). Right paramere: C-shaped in lateral view, distal region with variable number of lateral serration and apical spines (fig. 10D, E, G–I). Left paramere: Attenuate distally, terminating in narrow apex (fig. 10C).

Female: Small, ovate; length 3.65–4.05, width 1.65–2.00 (pl. 1); similar to male in range of color variation, otherwise vertex wider and costal margin more arcuate. GENITALIA: See description of genus (fig. 11A–E).

HOST PLANT: The three specimens with plant records indicate that Ambrosia sp. (Asteraceae) may be a host.

DISTRIBUTION: Collection localities in the northern portion of the range are widespread in the transition subtropical dry forest and dry forests of Sinaloa, Sonora, and Nayarit in the lowlands west of the Sierra Madre Occidental. Further south J. reinhardi is found in the Sierra Madre del Sur from Michoacan, Guerrero, and Oaxaca ( map 1 ).

DISCUSSION: Slaterocoris reinhardi Carvalho and Schaffner is related to J. albicornis and J. capitatus , based on the structure of the male genitalia, especially the narrow apex of the left paramere without the mittenlike structure as in Scalponotatus . The narrow dorsally directed apex of the right paramere in reinhardi is clearly unlike the structure as in all species of Slaterocoris , that are partially diagnosed by a variable series of strong, ventrally directed spines. Additionally, no Slaterocoris species has major nonblack portions of the frons, vertex, pronotum, and hemelytron as in reinhardi . Only two new species of Slaterocoris have pale markings on the frons adjacent to the eye. The black coloration and the most basic form of the genitalia in reinhardi are related to Slaterocoris , but details of vestiture, coloration, body conformation, and especially the fine structure of the genitalia require that it be removed from Slaterocoris . Therefore, S. reinhardi is transferred to Josephinus , new combination.

This species exhibits by far the greatest coloration range of any treated within this project. Even though specimens range from completely pale yellowish brown or entirely black with a pale head, the male genitalia across the geographical distribution of J. reinhardi are remarkably similar. Color variation is greatest in Sonora, where specimens from the same collection event exhibit the complete range; from Michoacan to Oaxaca specimens are either completely pale or dark. Variation in the male genitalia was noted in the number, size, and location of spines of the right paramere, or serration on the distal surface and apex, but there was no discernable geographic pattern (cf. fig. 10D, E, G–I). No specimens were collected from Jalisco State, which is located between the northern and southern populations of J. reinhardi .

HOLOTYPE: MEXICO: Sinaloa: 42 mi NW of Mazatlan [23.734736 N 106.778156 W], 9 m, 15 Aug 1965, H.R. Burke and J. Meyer, 18 ( AMNH _ PBI 00134081 ) ( USNM).

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 226 specimens from 17 collection events in July and August are known from: MEXICO: Guerrero: 18.2 mi S of Iguala, 17.57396 N 100.366666 W, 914 m, 05 Jul 1987, Kovarik and Harrison , 18 (00093273) ( TAMU). 32 mi SE of Petatlan, 17.187346 N 100.921646 W, 10 Jul 1985, Jones and Schaffner , 1♀ (00184959) ( CNC), 18 (00118427), 218 (00058317, 00290359–00290364, 00290381– 00290394), 4♀ (00290395–00290397, 00290439) ( TAMU). Michoacan: 28.5 mi S of Nueva Italia, 18.72356 N 101.967436 W, 276 m, 09 Jul 1985, Jones and Schaffner, 18 (00118428), 98 (00118388, 00290401– 00290408), 28♀ (00093287, 00290409– 00290435) ( TAMU) ; 09 Jul 1985, J.B. Woolley and G. Zolnerowich, 38 (00093282–00093284), 6♀ (00093275, 00093285–00093286, 00290436–00290438) ( TAMU). Nayarit: Arroyo Canaveral nr Jesus Maria , 22.230876 N 104.582456 W, 864 m, 15 Jul 1955, B. Malkin, 1♀ (00119548) ( UCB). Oaxaca: 10 mi SE of Totolapan, 16.617746 N 96.053666 W, 2438 m, 20 Jul 1987, Kovarik and Schaffner, 28 (00058298–00058299) ( TAMU). Sinaloa: 3 mi E of Villa Union, 23.199996 N 106.18596 W, 24 Jul 1972, J. and M.A. Chemsak, A. and M. Michelbacher, paratypes, 18 (00290398), 2♀ (00290399– 00290400) ( TAMU), paratype, 18 (00119280), 18 (00119517), 6♀ (00119488– 00119489, 00276729–00276732), paratypes, 5♀ (00119483–00119487) ( UCB). 6 mi E of Villa Union, 23.201376 N 106.628476 W, 335 m, 23 Jul 1954, M. Cazier, W. Gertsch, and Bradts, 28 (00108423, 00108698), 3♀ (00108699–00108701) ( AMNH). 6 mi S of Culiacan, 23.972626 N 106.987236 W, 4 m, 22 Jul 1954, M. Cazier, W. Gertsch, and Bradts, 1♀ (00108424) ( AMNH). 18 mi N of Mazatlan, 23.498846 N 106.488186 W, 56 m, 28 Jul 1972, J. and M.A. Chemsak, A. and M. Michelbacher, 1♀ (00119465) ( UCB). 18 mi S of Guamuchil, 23.487446 N 106.193946 W, 169 m, 07 Aug 1964, J.A. Chemsak, 18 (00119465) ( UCB). 26 mi N of Pericos, 26.475876 N 107.466666 W, 13 Aug 1960, P.H. Arnaud Jr., E.S. Ross, D.C. Rentz, 188 (00121891–00121892, 00242661– 00242676), 2♀ (00242659–00242660) ( CAS), 58 (00134006–00134008, 00134011–00134012), 3♀ (00134009–00134010, 00134013) ( USNM). 30 mi N of Mazatlan, 23.652616 N 106.416666 W, 18 Aug 1964, H.R. Burke and J. Apperson, Ambrosia sp. , paratype, 1♀ (00118604) ( TAMU), paratype, 1♀ (00134005) ( USNM). Sonora: 1 mi W of Alamos, 27.016676 N 108.949636 W, 16 Jul 1964, H.R. Burke and J. Apperson, Ambrosia sp. , paratypes, 18 (00118602), 1♀ (00118603) ( TAMU), paratype, 1♀ (00134082) ( USNM). 10 mi W of Alamos, 27.016576 N 109.096366 W, 21 Jul 1954, M. Cazier, W. Gertsch, and Bradts, 318 (00107892, 00108440, 00108632– 00108641, 00108643–00108661), 36♀ (00108662–00108697) ( AMNH). Minas Nuevas, 27.056 N 1096 W, 07 Aug 1952, C. and P. Vaurie, 28 (00107893–00107894), 1♀ (00108133), 88 (00108702–00108709), 12♀ (00108710–00108721) ( AMNH) .

Figures

Plate 1. Dorsal habitus photographs of Josephinus species and Slaterocoris alpinus—S. croceipes (see appendix 1 for USI codes and localities).

Map 1. Localities for Josephinus species and Scalponotatus maturus.

Fig. 9. Josephinus reinhardi, scanning electron micrographs. A, B. Head. A. Anterior view. B. Lateral view. C. Hemelytron, vestiture and cuticular sculpture, dorsal view. D. Mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent-efferent system, lateral view. E. Pretarsus, apical view. F. Pygophore with endosomal spicule, left and right parameres, posterior view.

Fig. 10. Josephinus reinhardi, male genitalia. A–F. 3 mi E of Villa Union, SI. G. 32 mi SE of Petatlan, GR.H. 28.5 mi S of Nueva Italia, MI. I. 10 mi SE of Totolapan, OA.

Fig. 11. Josephinus reinhardi, female genitalia. 32 mi SE of Petatlan, GR.