Monomia gladiator ( Fabricius, 1798 )

Huang, Yu-Hsuan & Shih, Hsi-Te, 2021, Chthonius rhodochelatus Hadzi 1933, Zoological Studies 60 (60), pp. 1-45 : 16-18

Monomia gladiator ( Fabricius, 1798) ( Figs. 3F , 10 )

Portunus gladiator – Fabricius, 1798: 368 (type locality: Tranquebar, India); Stephenson 1972: 135 ( Japan: Sagami Bay; Singapore; Sunda Strait; Thailand); Yang et al. 2008: 788 (list; China); Yang et al. 2012: 134 (part), fig. 49a–e, h–i ( China, incl. Hainan I.; Nansha Is.).

Portunus haanii – Stephenson and Cook 1973: 429 (part), figs. 6A–E, 7A–E, 8A–E, 9A, 10A, C, G (W Malay Peninsula; Magagascar); Yang and Dai 1994: 139, fig. 14, pl. 1(7) (Nansha Is.). (not Amphitrite haanii Stimpson, 1858 ).

Portunus (Monomia) gladiator – Ng et al. 2008: 151 (list).

Monomia haanii – Chertoprud et al. 2012: 314, pl. 51G ( Vietnam: Nhatrang Bay). (not Amphitrite haanii Stimpson, 1858 ).

Monomia gladiator – Trivedi et al. 2018: 66 (list; India); Windsor et al. 2019: 21, figs. 1A–D, 3A–C, 4A–D (lectotype; W Australia; Malay Peninsula; Singapore; Thailand; Myanmar; India); Sasaki 2019: 9044 (list).

? Neptunus (Amphitrite) gladiator – Shen 1937: 101, fig. 2 ( Singapore: Siglap); Shen 1940: 220 ( Hong Kong).

not Cancer gladiator – Fabricius 1793: 449. (= Cancer sanguinolentus Herbst, 1783 ).

not Portunus (Amphitrite) gladiator – De Haan 1833: 39, pl. 1(5). (= Amphitrite haanii Stimpson, 1858 ).

not Portunus (Amphitrite) gladiator – De Haan 1833: 65, pl. 18(1). (= Portunus orbitosinus Rathbun, 1911 ).

not Neptunus gladiator – Sato 1936a: 1954 ( Taiwan: Tainan); Sato 1936b: 142 ( Taiwan: Tainan). (= Amphitrite haanii Stimpson, 1858 ).

not Neptunus (Amphitrite) gladiator – Sakai 1939: 390, fig. 5a, pl. 47(3) ( Japan); Kamita 1941: 96, fig. 47 ( Korea); Lin 1949: 19 ( Taiwan: Kaohsiung); Chang 1963: 97 ( Taiwan: Penghu); Shen and Dai 1964: 49, 1 unnumb. fig. (upper) ( China). (= Amphitrite haanii Stimpson, 1858 ).

not Portunus gladiator – Sakai 1965a: 118, pl. 57(1) ( Japan); Yu 1979: 54, fig. 9 ( Taiwan: Yilan, Penghu); Yang et al. 2012: 134 (part), fig. 49f–g, pl. 1(5); Wang et al. 2013: 513 ( Taiwan: Yilan); Wang et al. 2014: 2453 ( Taiwan: Yilan), fig. 2K. (= Amphitrite haanii Stimpson, 1858 ).

not Portunus (Monomia) gladiator – Kim 1973: 624 ( Korea); Sakai 1976, 341, fig. 180a, pl. 120(1) ( Japan); Wang and Chen 1981: 153 ( Taiwan: Tainan); Yang and Chang 1996: 41, 1 unnumb. fig. (Taiwan); Wang et al. 2017: in appendix ( Taiwan: Yilan and Pingtung). (= Amphitrite haanii Stimpson, 1858 ).

Material examined: Taiwan: 1 male (53.0 × 31.2 mm) (NCHUZOOL 16506), Erzihliao Fishing Port, Kaohsiung, coll. YH Huang, 8 Jul. 2018; 1 female (44.4 × 26.0 mm) (NCHUZOOL 16511), Erzihliao Fishing Port, Kaohsiung, coll. YH Huang, 8 Jul. 2018; 1 female (57.8 × 33.7 mm) (NCHUZOOL 16571), Erzihliao Fishing Port, Kaohsiung, coll. YH Huang, 8 Jul. 2018.

Comparative material: Monomia haanii : 1 male (86.2 × 46.5 mm), 1 female (67.4 × 37.6 mm) (NCHUZOOL 16508), Erzihliao Fishing Port, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, coll. YH Huang, 8 Jul. 2018.

Diagnosis: Carapace transversely hexagonal, 1.7 times broader than long, surface densely pilose, with granular patches. All carapace ridges absent, except epibranchial regions with a pair of granulated ridges ( Fig. 10A ). Front with 4 rounded teeth, median 2 smaller than lateral, sulcus between median teeth continuing ventrally to triangular projection. Epistome with median tooth projecting beyond front. Supraorbital margins with 2 notches, lateral notch with tooth-like elevation before anterolateral tooth 1. Inner supraorbital angles tooth-like, with ventromesial ledge. Infraorbital margins with deep lateral notch. Anterolateral margins with 9 teeth, tooth 9 largest and projecting laterally ( Fig. 10A ). Basal antennal segment with lateral blunt lobe entering orbital cavity. Chelipedal merus with 4 spines on inner margin, 2 on outer margin; carpus with spine each on inner and outer margins; palm with 2 spines on dorsal surface. P5 with merus granulated on distal inner and outer margins. Maxillipeds 3 with merus longer than broad, anteroexternal angle strongly expanding to a prominent auriculiform structure. Male pleon with pleomere 6 longer than broad, lateral margins slightly convex. G1 with distal half slender and bent laterally, tip with spines ( Fig. 10B–E ).

Coloration: Carapace and chelipeds white with orange stripes, P5 with white band on propodus ( Fig. 3F ).

Distribution: New Caledonia; Australia; New Guinea; Taiwan (Erzihliao Fishing Port, Kaohsiung; Fig. 1 : no. 7); China (incl. Hong Kong; Hainan I.); Vietnam; Malaysia (Malay Peninsula); Singapore; Thailand; Myanmar; India ( Tranquebar); Sri Lanka; Madagascar; Mauritius; South Africa ( Sasaki 2019; this study).

Ecological notes: The habitats are 30–100 meters deep, with bottoms composed of sand, broken shells or pebbles ( Sakai 1976).

Remarks: Monomia gladiator ( Fabricius, 1798) is similar to M. haanii (Stimpson, 1858) , but can be distinguished by a suit of characters ( Windsor et al. 2019). Our specimens agree with M. gladiator by the following characters: (1) carapace with granular patches prominently and protruding in M. gladiator ( Fig. 3F ; Windsor et al. 2019: fig. 1C, D) (vs. smaller and less protruding in M. haanii ; Windsor et al. 2019: fig. 1F); (2) carapace with bright orange and white stripes in M. gladiator ( Fig. 3F ; Windsor et al. 2019: fig. 1C, D) (vs. uniformly tannish and reddish granules in M. haanii ; Windsor et al. 2019: fig. 1F); (3) distal propodus and dactylus of P5 without purple spot and area in M. gladiator ( Fig. 3F ; Windsor et al. 2019: fig. 1C, D) (vs. distal propodus with large purple spot and distal dactylus with purple area in M. haanii ( Windsor et al. 2019: fig. 1E, F); (4) The anterolateral margins of male pleomere 6 slightly convex in M. gladiator ( Windsor et al. 2019: fig. 3A–C) (vs. margins subparallel and converging anteriorly in M. haanii ; Windsor et al. 2019: figs. 2B, 3D–F); (5) G1 with distal half bent laterally, with angle below 90° in M. gladiator ( Fig. 10B–E ; Windsor et al. 2019: fig. 4A–D) (vs. angle bent almost at 90° in M. haanii ; Windsor et al. 2019: figs. 2C, 4E– H). With regard to the earlier records of “ M. gladiator ” from Taiwan, Ng et al. (2001 2017) considered they should be confused with M. haanii . As a result, this is the first confirmed record of M. gladiator from Taiwan.

Figures

Fig. 3. Species of the family Portunidae. A, Carupa ohashii Takeda, 1993, female (34.9 × 23.1 mm) (NCHUZOOL 16500), Dongsha I.; B, Lupocycloporus minutus (Shen, 1937), male (17.5 × 9.7 mm) (NCHUZOOL 16534), Zuoying, Kaohsiung; C, Lupocyclus inaequalis (Walker, 1887), male (21.6 × 16.3 mm) (NCHUZOOL 16551), Erzihliao Fishing Port, Kaohsiung; D, Lupocyclus tugelae Barnard, 1950, male (17.5 × 13.1 mm) (NCHUZOOL 16560), Erzihliao Fishing Port, Kaohsiung; E, Podophthalmus minabensis Sakai, 1961, male (25.2 × 14.9 mm) (NCHUZOOL 16499), Dalinpu, Siaogang, Kaohsiung; F, Monomia gladiator (Fabricius, 1798), male (53.0 × 31.2 mm) (NCHUZOOL 16506), Erzihliao Fishing Port, Kaohsiung; G, Monomia lucida Koch & Ďuriš, 2018, male (54.8 × 30.7 mm) (NCHUZOOL 16538), Erzihliao Fishing Port, Kaohsiung; H, Xiphonectes tuberculosus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861), males (24.3 × 14.3 mm) (NCHUZOOL 16530), Zuoying, Kaohsiung.

Fig. 10. Monomia gladiator (Fabricius, 1798), male (53.0 × 31.2 mm) (NCHUZOOL 16506). A, carapace; B–E, right G1; B, C, dorsal view; D, E, ventral view.

Fig. 1. Taiwan main island and adjacent islets, with the collection localities shown in gray circles (see Table 1).