Cynipini

Melika, George, Pujade-Villar, Juli, Nicholls, James A., Cuesta-Porta, Victor & Stone, Graham N., 2021, Three new Nearctic genera of oak cynipid gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini): Burnettweldia Pujade-Villar, Melika & Nicholls, Nichollsiella Melika, Pujade-Villar & Stone, Disholandricus Melika, Pujade-Villar & Nicholls; and re-establishment of the genus Paracraspis Weld, Zootaxa 4993 (1), pp. 1-81 : 10-11

Key to Nearctic Cynipini genera with transscutal articulation and toothed tarsal claws

In the key below only those Nearctic genera are included in which the transscutal articulation is present, straight, usually complete, tarsal claws are toothed, with an acute basal lobe, without malar sulcus, ventral spine of hypopygium variable but never broadest at the apex and between which there are genera with forewings of normal length (longer than body) and with shortened, rudimentary forewings or apterous genera. The following key allows for differentiation of asexual females of the three newly described genera from other Nearctic genera: Amphibolips , Andricus , Atrusca , Disholcaspis , Dros , Femuros , Kinseyella , Striatoandricus ; and also from Acraspis Mayr, 1881 and Paracraspis , as well as from two morphologically similar genera ( Philonix Fitch, 1859 , Trichoteras Ashmead, 1897 ) that share the character state of modified forewings with Acraspis and Paracraspis . The remaining known Nearctic genera, defined by other diagnostic character states, are not included in the key below. Numerous Nearctic genera are under revision and some of them are under re-establishment and these taxonomic treatments will be published soon in other upcoming papers.

1. Forewing of normal length, longer than body............................................................... 2

- Forewing shortened, rudimentary or absent............................................................... 12

2. Head, mesoscutum, mesopleuron smooth, shining, without surface sculpture ( Figs 224–225 )...................... Dros

- Head, mesoscutum and/or mesopleuron always sculptured, never smooth........................................ 3

3. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum coarsely dull rugose or longitudinally carinate ( Fig. 226 )................. Amphibolips

- Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum reticulate, punctate, smooth.................................................. 4

4. Hind tibia with longitudinal dark carinae, hind femur with a lobe on posterior margin ( Fig. 227 )............... Femuros

- Hind tibia without longitudinal carinae.................................................................... 5

5. Second abscissa of Rs strongly angulated, radial cell short, 2.0–2.5x as long as broad; forewing with dark spots and/or dark stripes along veins.............................................................................. Atrusca

- Second abscissa of Rs straight or very slightly angulated; radial cell 3.0x or more longer than broad; forewing without dark spots and/or dark stripes along veins...................................................................... 6

6. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium with parallel sides, broad distally, as long as or only slightly longer than broad from ventral view, with long dense setae extending far beyond apex of spine and forming a distinct tuft................ 7

- Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium needle-like, gradually narrowing towards apex, at least 2.0x as long or longer as broad, with long or short, dense or sparse setae, but without tuft or with only an inconspicuous tuft................. 10

7. Second metasomal tergum micropunctate or smooth ( Figs 63–64 , 164–165 )...................................... 8

- Second metasomal tergum sculptured, alutaceous to reticulate, sometimes striate ( Figs 107–108 )...................... 9

8. All terga laterally with dense long white setae and micropunctures ( Figs 50–51 )................ Burnettweldia gen. nov.

- Only second metasomal tergum with setae anterolaterally, all subsequent terga smooth, glabrous, without setae or micropunctures ( Figs 164–165 ).............................................................. Disholandricus gen. nov.

9. Second metasomal tergum striate or striate-reticulate ( Figs 107–108 ); lateral propodeal carinae present, rarely incomplete but if so then central propodeal area has different sculpturing to lateral propodeal area ( Fig. 106 )....... Nichollsiella gen. nov.

- Second metasomal tergum reticulate or with a distal reticulate band ( Figs 228 – 230 ); lateral propodeal carinae are absent or indistinct, central and lateral propodeal areas with the same sculpturing ( Fig. 231 )......................... Kinseyella

10. Head narrower than mesosoma in frontal view; mesosoma with dense setae; notaulus incomplete, extending only along half the length of mesoscutum ( Fig. 232 ); state of lateral propodeal carina variable, can be complete, circular or fragmented, incomplete or absent.................................................................................. Disholcaspis

- Head as broad or broader than mesosoma in frontal view; mesosoma with sparse setae; notaulus usually complete, reaching pronotum; lateral propodeal carina always complete, reaching anterior edge of propodeum but never circular........... 11

11. Second metasomal tergum striated or partially striate and reticulate; subsequent terga striate and/or reticulate ( Fig. 231 )........................................................................................... Striatoandricus

- Metasoma never striate or reticulate; second metasomal tergum smooth or micropunctate distally; subsequent terga smooth or micropunctate........................................................................... Andricus (part)

12. Forewing rudimentary or absent...................................................... Acraspis and Philonix *

- Forewing as long as body, with nearly normal venation...................................................... 13

13. Second abscissa of Rs strongly angulated, radial cell short, less than 2.0x as long as broad; forewing with dark spots and/or dark stripes along veins.............................................................................. Atrusca

- Second abscissa of Rs straight or very slightly angulated; radial cell longer than broad; forewing without dark spots and/or dark stripes along veins................................................................................... 14

14. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium as long as broad, with parallel sides, long setae reaching far beyond apex of spine...................................................................................... Paracraspis

- Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium longer than broad, needle-like, gradually narrowing towards apex................................................................................................. Trichoteras **

Figures

FIGURES 224–232. 224–225, Dros perlentum Kinsey, 1937: 224, mesopleuron, lateral view, 225, mesoscutum, dorsal view. 226, Amphibolips quercuscinerea (Ashmead, 1881), asexual female, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 227, Femuros integrum Kinsey, 1937, ind leg (arrows indicate darker lines on hind tibia). 228–230, Kinseyella lapiei (Kieffer, 1911), asexual female, 228–229, metasoma: 228, lateral view, 229, dorsal view; 230, propodeum, dorsoposterior view. 231, Striatoandricus georgei (Pujade-Villar, 2011), asexual female, metasoma, lateral view. 232, Disholcaspis pedunculoides Weld, 1926, asexual female, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, dorsal view.

FIGURES 62–64. Burnettweldia corallina, comb. nov., asexual female. 62, forewing. 63–64, metasoma: 63, lateral view, 64, ventral view.

FIGURES 164–165. Disholandricus lasius, comb. nov., asexual female. 164–165, metasoma: 164, lateral view, 165, ventral view.

FIGURES 107–109. Nichollsiella arizonica, comb. nov., asexual female. 107–108, metasoma: 107, lateral view, 108, dorsal view, part. 109, asexual galls.

FIGURES 48–51. Burnettweldia conalis, comb. nov., asexual female. 48, mesosoma, dorsal view. 49, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view. 50–51, metasoma: 50, ventral view, 51, lateral view.

FIGURES 103–106. Nichollsiella arizonica, comb. nov., asexual female. 103, mesosoma, lateral view. 104, mesoscutum, dorsal view. 105, mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 106, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view.