Setema Freina & Witt, 1984

Macià, Ramon, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel & Bau, Josep, 2022, The species of Eilema Hübner, [1819] sensu lato present in Europe and North Africa (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), Zootaxa 5191 (1), pp. 1-87 : 36

Genus Setema Freina & Witt, 1984

Setema de Freina et Witt, 1984 . Nota lepidopterologica. 7 (4): 331–332.

Type species: Bombyx cereola Hübner, [1803] . Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge 3: 24 f. 99, by original designation.

Diagnosis.

Imago. Forewings broad, with nearly straight costal margin and a pale subcostal line; scaling often sparse making wings to look semitransparent. Females often have brachypterous wings ( Dubatolov, 2015).

Male genitalia. Uncus moderate in width; valvae contracted apically, with distinct ventral process curved upwards, exceeding the limit of the valves and turning towards them until contacting the cucullus; clasper absent; juxta rectangular without apical processes; vinculum triangular of a moderate size; aedeagus cylindrical, short, without an apical sclerotised fascia or apical spur; two cornuti spike-like, equal in size; vesica bag-shaped with several cone-like cornuti.

Female genitalia. Anal papillae very robust and sclerotised; lamella postvaginalis heart-shaped slightly sclerotised; ostium bursae wide, V-shaped and strongly sclerotised; ductus bursae wide, trapezoidal, also strongly sclerotised and a well-developed posteriors enlargement of the corpus bursae located opposite the asppendix bursae.

Molecular data. The three species belonging to the Setema genus included in the extended analysis, Setema cereola , Setema debilis (Staudinger, 1887) and Setema bicolor (Grote, 1864) , cluster together in close proximity to Indalia lutarella ( Fig. 119 and 120 ). It is worth mentioning that mitochondrial and nuclear markers from a single specimen of Setema debilis from Russia have been sequenced for the first time and included in the BOLD Dataset (EILE Eilema – Lepidoptera ). The species Setema debilis and Setema bicolor , even though they have been sequenced, are not part of the studied area.

Taxa included.

Setema cereola (Hübner, [1803])

Figures

FIGURE 119. Radial representation of the unrooted phylogenetic tree obtained by Bayesian Inference. The combined data from the mitochondrial marker COI and the nuclear markers ArgK and DDX23 have been run in three different partitions in the BEAST2 software. Posterior probability values are displayed beside the nodes. For clarity, the branches under the species or subspecies nodes have been collapsed indicating the number of specimens for each taxon. Font colour indicates distinct groups as discussed in the text: Green: Eilema genus; Light blue: Manulea genus; Dark blue: lutarella group from Indalia genus; Yellow: uniola group from Indalia genus; Orange: predotae group from Indalia genus; Red: Nyea genus; Violet: Setema genus; Black: remaining species under study and outgroup species (Nudaria mundana).

FIGURE 120. Phylogenetic tree representation obtained by Bayesian Inference of the extended dataset including the COI Barcode sequences published in BOLD as Eilema or Manulea genus and the sequences obtained in this study. The combined data from the mitochondrial marker COI and the nuclear markers ArgK and DDX23 have been run in three different partitions in BEAST2. Posterior probability values are displayed beside the nodes. For clarity, the branches under the species or subspecies nodes have been collapsed indicating the number of specimens for each taxon next to the countries of collection (AU: Austria; CRO: Croatia; CYP: Cyprus; CZR: Czech Republic; DE: Denmark; FI: Finland; Fr: France; GE: Germany; GR: Greece; IT: Italy; MAC: Macedonia; NL: Netherlands; NOR: Norway; PAK: Pakistan; RU: Russia; SP: Spain; UK: United Kingdom). Branches in grey color and font correspond to clades not reviewed in the current work. In all other cases, font colour indicates distinct clades as discussed in the text: Green: Eilema genus; Light blue: Manulea genus; Dark blue: lutarella group from Indalia genus; Yellow: uniola group from Indalia genus; Orange: predotae group from Indalia genus; Red: Nyea genus; Violet: Setema genus; Black: remaining species under study and outgroup species (Nudaria mundana).