Eilema, Hubner, 1819

Macià, Ramon, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel & Bau, Josep, 2022, The species of Eilema Hübner, [1819] sensu lato present in Europe and North Africa (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), Zootaxa 5191 (1), pp. 1-87 : 53-56

We hope that this paper will attract the attention of the scientific community and will contribute to the satisfactory resolution of the systematics of the vast number of species that, as has been said before, still remain attributed to Eilema .

DICOTOMIC KEY

A Distal part of saccular process and valva touching each other................................................... 1

B saccular extensions (=saccular process) not reaching or clearly separated from the end of the valva..................... 7

C saccular process long, surpassing the end of the valvae, very sclerotised and curved towards the cucullus.............. ..11

D saccular process short, wide, pointed, trapezoida........................................................... ..12

1’ saccular process and valva fused, giving the whole structure a rounded appearance; harpa or clasper triangular and small, near the valva base; uncus wide, flattened laterally, bent and finishing with a pointed peak.............................. .. 2

1’’ saccular process ending with and inwardly curved hook, not fused with the valva ending, harpa or clasper absent; uncus less laterally flattened, not bend, finished with smaller pointed peak................................................ .. 3

2’ aedeagus with two cornuti of unequal size............................................... .. Eilema caniola caniola

2’’ aedeagus with only one large cornutus present............................................ Eilema caniola torstenii

3’ narrow and elongated forewings, uniform yellowish gray coloration, without the pale coastal strip....... Manulea paliatella

3’’ narrow and elongated forewings, uniform gray, with a visible pale coastal strip................................... .. 4

4’ androconial scales present on the costal margin of the underside of the forewings.................... Manulea complana

4’’ androconial scales not present on the costal margin........................................................... 5

5’ big size, wingspan males between 28–35 mm, very marked yellow costal band....................... Manulea costalis

5’’ wingspan males smaller, between 26–31 mm ( M. iberica ) or 28–32 mm, ( Manulea pseudocomplana ), less marked yellow costal band.............................................................................................. .. 6

6’ in the evaginated vesica, the basal diverticulum carrying the large cornutus projects distally in relation to the aedeagus side........................................................................................ Manulea iberica

6’’ in the evaginated vesica, the two diverticula containing the two cornuti both project towards the same side of the aedeagus................................................................................ Manulea pseudocomplana

7’ uncus slender, not flattened, not bend, finished with a pointed tip, cucullus (= valve apex) clearly separated from sacculus apex, clasper absent....................................................................................... .. 8

7’’ uncus broad, short and robust, juxta flattened dorso-ventrally and heavily clerotized apically, imagos are of both daytime and twilight activity; females characterized by the reduction of the wings, but still able to fly.................. Setema cereola

8’ aedeagus with one big cornutus, vinculum of medium size, not much wide, with parallel weak margins................. 9

8’’ aedeagus with three small equal cornuti, vinculum very elongated, wide, with parallel weak margins.................. 10

8’’’ aedeagus with three unequal cornuti, saccular process clearly curved towards the pollex of the valve..... Indalia pygmaeola

8’’’’ aedeagus with two large very sharp cornuti..................................................... Indalia lutarella

9’ uncus very long and slim, without timbalic organ................................................. Indalia uniola

9’’ dark silver gray wings and a bright white costal band on the forewings, without timbalic organ............ Indalia albicosta

9’’’ whitish wings, enamel ochre shading. Imagos with a timbalic organ visible to the naked eye............ Indalia interposita

10’ saccular process not pointed at the pollex. Background color of the imagos uniform grayish-brownish clear.. Indalia marcida

10’’ saccular process slightly curved towards the pollex. Imagos with a brown tonality (males) and exhibiting a notable sexual dimorphism............................................................................. Indalia predotae

11’ uncus robust, sclerotised and beak ended, valvae rounded, clasper present and a very short aedeagus with two good cornuti.......................................................................................... Nyea lurideola

11’’ uncus very long, thin, tubular and curved, valvae oval and elongated, clasper absent sacculus short, bilobed and aedeagus with one apical spike and four smaller cornuti of equal size............................................ Wittia sororcula

12’ rounded cucullus..................................................................................... 13

12’’ pointed cucullus.................................................................................... .. 14

13’ aedeagus without cornuti, clasper in the inner surface of the valve, with a complex hook-like structure...... Zobida bipuncta

13’’ aedeagus with a large sclerotised cornutus...................................................... Katha depressa

13’’’ aedeagus with one single spine like cornutus and a great quantity of small, needle shape cornuti........ Pseudokatha rungsi

14’ juxta with a long apical process.............................................................. Collita griseola

14’’ juxta “V” shaped with sclerotic arms and its edges covered with a band of dark hairs.................. Muscula muscula

Key to differentiate immature stages

Common data

0.- Spherical eggs with a flat base; caterpillars with verrucae called D1, D2, SD 1, L2 and L3; on the six thoracic legs, at the end of the tarsus and on the outer side, they have two modified spatula-shaped setae (spatulated hair); on the antennae and on the side of the middle flagellum, they have an extra seta; the mouthparts have a rough thickening called the tooth (molar), with hollow interior. Pupae with circular depressions on the abdomen.

Caterpillars.

1.- Very long setae in the mesothorax, metathorax and in the 8 th and 9 th abdominal segments............................. 2

1´.- Long setae in the totality of segments..................................................................... 3

1´´.- Very short setae in the totality of segments.................................................................. 4

2.- Length 16 mm, light grey verrucae; white or yellowish dorsal band with a black band on each side that touches D2, white-grey or yellowish sides, with lines and dark dots of different size; cephalic capsule dark-brown; prothoracic and anal shield without defined verrucae.......................................................................... Katha depressa

2´.- Length 20–25 mm, dark-grey verrucae, with an orange-reddish dot adjacent to D1 and D2; black dorsal band and another black one at each side, touching D2; lateral area grey with black spots; dark cephalic capsule; prothoracic and anal shield with no defined verrucae.......................................................................... Wittia sororcula

3.- Length 15–20 mm, dark brown verrucae. Wide dorsal line of dark- grey to black, and a yellow-orange band at each side between verruca D1 and D2. Laterals with grey spots and lines choppy yellow or light orange, being darker on metathorax and the 4th urite. Cephalic capsule black and flattened. Brown yellow prothoracic shield with a continuous line of verrucae at the anterior end.................................................................................... Collita griseola

3´.- Length 15 mm, with light or dark brown verrucae, L1 wart, smaller, adjacent to SD 1. A narrow, dark brown, dorsal line bordered at each side by a dark band, between verruca D1 and D2. Laterals brown grey with brown dark spots. Cephalic capsule flattened, dark-brown with lighter dots. Light brown prothoracic shields, with a dark spot at each side and a continuous line of verruca at the anterior zone.............................................................. Pseudokatha rungsi

4.- Cephalic capsule totally black........................................................................... 5

4´.- Cephalic capsule black only in the upper half............................................................... 6

4´´.- Cephalic capsule not black.............................................................................. 7

5.- Dark body........................................................................................... 8

5´.- Body with sides with long or short wavy lines............................................................... 9

5´´.- Body with sides with patchy spots....................................................................... 10

6.- Anal shield with 4 well defined verruca................................................................... 11

6´.- Anal shield without verruca............................................................................ 12

7.- Cephalic capsule bright dun with the superior zone darker. Length 20–25 mm, very bright-grey verrucae. General aspect white yellowish with an orange spot under D1 and other in front of and in back of L2. Laterals with some dark stain. Prothoracic shield with four verrucae joined two by two in the terminal zone. Anal shield with indefinite verrucae... Manulea palliatella

7´.- Cephalic capsule reddish, verrucae dark-grey. Length 15–16 mm. General aspect very dark, with an orange subtriangular spot in back of L2. Laterals bright grey with widespread black spots. Prothoracic shield with four well defined verrucae. Anal shield with poorly defined black verrucae........................................................... Zobida bipuncta

8.- Length 18 mm. Dark grey verrucae. Dark body with bright grey wavy lines and a big orange spot between D1 and D2 and two white spots. Prothoracic shield with 4 verrucae at the anterior zone and two whitish broken spots.Anal shield with two elliptical verrucae and two white spots............................................................. Manulea complana

8´.- Length 17–20 mm. Verrucae black and dark grey. Dark body with white to bright-grey wavy lines, with a narrow orange spot between D1 and D2, followed by two small white spots. Prothoracic shield with four verrucae in the anterior zone and two broken and sinuous whitish spots. Anal shield with two elliptical verrucae and two white spots........... Manulea iberica

8´´.- Length 20–22 mm. Verrucae black and grey. Dark body with two small blue spots in its superior zone; in segments 1 to 8 an orange longitudinal spot is attached to the L2 wart, and from this to the gray abdomen. Prothoracic and anal shields black........................................................................................... Nyea lurideola

9.- Length 21 mm. Dark, orange or yellow verrucae. At sides, between SD 1 and L2, a wide and long, light grey wavy line and back L2 a yellow rounded spot............................................................. Eilema caniola caniola

9´.- Length 17 mm. Orange to bright grey verrucae. At laterals, between SD 1 and L2, a short bright-grey wavy line and behind L2 an elongated bright-grey to bright-orange spot............................................ Eilema caniola torstenii

10.- Length 18–19 mm. Grey verrucae. Lateral background color grey with diversified black spots, and behin L2 an orange subtriangular spot. All shields with four warbs......................................... Manulea pseudocomplana

10´.- Length 17 mm. Brown bright verrucae. Background color of the sides bright brown with brown sinuous spots. Anal shield with four wards.............................................................................. Indalia predotae

10´´.- Length 11–14 mm. Grey wards. Background color of the sides grey with a great around SD 1. Anal shield with six wards.................................................................................... Indalia lutarella luqueti

11.- Length 15–17 mm; yellow verrucae; dorsal line black choppy, with a band light-brown at each side. Laterals with four lines touching verruca D2 and SD. Anal shield with four thick verrucae on the trailing edge................... Indalia marcida

11´.- Length 15 mm, verrucae bright grey. Dorsal line black and continuous, with an orange or yellow band at each side. Scattered black spots on the sides. Anal shield with four small verrucae on the trailing edge.................... Indalia interposita

11´´.- Length 13 mm, grey to bright-grey verrucae. Dorsal line black, sometimes choppy with two brigth-brown spots at each side, in front of D1 and in back of D2. Laterals with scattered black spots. Anal shield with four small scattered verrucae...................................................................................... Indalia pygmaeola pallifrons

12.- Length 16 mm, yellow verrucae. Dark dorsal line, winding and choppy. One band grey-yellowish and at each side a very bright ban grey-yellow. Laterals with a band that touches the wart SD 1 and with two more lines that touch the wart L2. Prothoracic shield with four well defined verrucae at the anterior zone.......................................... Indalia uniola

12´.- Length 15 mm, yellow verrucae. Dark and broken dorsal line with a sinuous white-yellowish line at each side. Laterals whiteyellowish with various dark spots. Prothoracic shield with four well defined verrucae at the anterior zone.. Indalia albicosta

PUPAE

1.- End of abdomen with spines............................................................................. 2

1´.- End of abdomen without spines.......................................................................... 3

1´´.- End of abdomen with a small conical outgrowth.............................................. Pseudokatha rungsi

2.- End of abdomen with four spines, the lateral ones longer than central ones............................ Katha depressa

2´.- End of abdomen with two spines curved sideways............................................... Wittia sororcula

3.- With one depression at the dorsal zone of the thorax end and beginning of abdomen................................ 4

3´.- Without the former depression........................................................................... 5

4.- Brown color, with dark spots on the back. Clypeus short................................... Eilema caniola torstenii

4´.- Bright brown color, without dark spots on the back. Clypeus not appreciable. The depression in male pupae is softer than in female one........................................................................ Indalia lutarella luqueti

5.- Slim body........................................................................................... 6

5´.- Thick body.......................................................................................... 7

6.- Clypeus short........................................................................................ 8

6´.- Clypeus not appreciable................................................................................ 9

7.- Clypeus short, rough body with small spots.................................................. Manulea palliatella

7´.- Clypeus not appreciable, back with spots.................................................................. 10

7´´.- Clypeus not appreciable, back without spots............................................................... 11

8.- Pale spots spread all over the back...................................................... Eilema caniola caniola

8´.- Pale bright spots spread all over the back.................................................... Indalia interposita

8´´.- Dark brown spots spread all over the back...................................................... Zobida bipuncta

8´´´.- Wihtout spots over the back................................................................. Indalia marcida

9.- Dark brown spots spread all over the back..................................................... Indalia albicosta

9´.- Small dark spots over the back.............................................................. Indalia predotae

9´´.- Back without spots......................................................................... Nyea lurideola

10.- Spots spread all over the back................................................................ Indalia uniola

10´.- Sub-square spots only in the central zone........................................... Indalia pygmaeola pallifrons

10´´.- Linear spots only in the central zone................................................. Manulea pseudocomplana

11.- Bright brown, 10,5 mm length............................................................ Manulea complana

11´.- Bright brown 10,0 mm length.............................................................. Manulea iberica

11´´.- Brown, 9,50–10,50 mm length. With two outgrowths on either side of the anal opening, reminiscent of anal legs.................................................................................................. Collita griseola

Figures

A Distal part of saccular process and valva touching each other................................................... 1

B saccular extensions (=saccular process) not reaching or clearly separated from the end of the valva..................... 7

C saccular process long, surpassing the end of the valvae, very sclerotised and curved towards the cucullus.............. ..11

D saccular process short, wide, pointed, trapezoida........................................................... ..12