Manulea costalis (Zeller, 1847)

Macià, Ramon, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel & Bau, Josep, 2022, The species of Eilema Hübner, [1819] sensu lato present in Europe and North Africa (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), Zootaxa 5191 (1), pp. 1-87 : 22-23

Manulea costalis (Zeller, 1847)

Original combination: Lithosia costalis Zeller, 1847 , Isis von Oken, 1847:16.

T. L.: Bursa (“Brussa”), Turkey.

= Lithosia morosina Herrich-Schäffer, 1847 .

Material examined. CYPRUS: 3 ♂, Kapoura, Adelfoi-Forest , 1200 m, 3.ix.2003, Hentscholek leg. ; 5 ♂ and 3 ♀, Agyia, Pafos Forest , 400 m, 28.viii.2003, Hemtscholek leg.

GREECE: 5 ♂, Assites , Creta, 800 m, 27.ix.1959, H. Reisser leg. ; 4 ♀, Omalos , Creta, 1200 m, 5.viii.2011, Hentscholek leg.

TURKEY: 6 ♂ and 10 ♀, Cirali , Antalya, 15 m, 6.viii.2014, S. Schelhorn leg. ; 5 ♂ and 7 ♀, Antalya, Kemer , 700 m, 19.x.2011, A. Saldaitis leg.

Diagnosis. Compared to Eilema caniola , it is a large, narrow-winged species, and differs externally by the narrower, dark greyish earth-coloured wings, with a fine short ochre line on the inner margin. Hindwing pale ivory with a fine yellow costal stripe and faint grey diffusion towards anal area. The forewings are narrower and the costal stripe is thinner, distally more tapered than in Manulea complana and androconia are absent on the underside. It is more contrasting in colour than Manulea pseudocomplana and Manulea palliatella , with a better-defined costal stripe.

Re-description. Imago ( Figs. 11–12 ). Average wingspan males 30.3 mm (n=10; 26–34 mm); average wingspan females 33.0 mm (n=10; 29–36 mm).

Genitalia ( Fig. 55 ). Male genitalia: Structure similar to that of Manulea complana and Manulea pseudocomplana from which it differs mainly in the slightly more pointed valva and the sternite of the 7th segment, which is very pointed in its upper part and less marked. Female genitalia: Bursa copulatrix displaced to the right, as in the previous species, with two small signum; cervix bursa of a great size, with many membraneous warts internally covered with very dense areas of spinules; ductus seminalis begins with a big membraneus process also covered with spinumes.

Immature stages. Not studied.

Molecular data. We sequenced a topotypical specimen of M. costalis that happened to cluster together with an unidentified sample from Greece (LEASW1169-20). These two samples were found to contribute to a wellsupported Manulea costalis node (PP=1) with a considerable within-group distance (0.93% ± 0.37SE), which may be partially due to geographic isolation of the Cyprus population. In agreement with the morphological data, the Bayesian Inference analysis ( Figures 119 , 120 ) places this species within Manulea , closer to the Manulea complana group (average TN-dist=4.14%) than to Eilema caniola (TN-dist=5.80%). RESL algorithm produced a distinct cluster with a Nearest Neighbour distance of 3.52%, matching no registered BIN.

Biology. Univoltine, with a flight period from July to September. Hygrophilous, frequent in mixed and open deciduous forests of valleys and streams, extending to slightly above timberline. Sometimes locally abundant. Adults of both sexes are attracted to artificial light and can be seen during the day feeding at flowers. The larvae feed on lichens ( Witt & Ronkay, 2011).

Distribution ( Fig. 101 ). Ponto-mediterranean. Widespread but localized and infrequent in the southern half of the Balkans ( Serbia, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Albania and Greece). It is also known from some Aegean islands including Thasos and Samotracia, and also from Crete, Rhodos, and Samos. Outside Europe present in Asia Minor and the Middle East.

Figures

FIGURE 55. Manulea costalis male and female genitalia, gen. prep. 7309JG, Kapoura Picnic, Adelfoi forest (Cyprus); 7310JG, Kapoura Picnic, Adelfoi forest (Cyprus).

FIGURE 119. Radial representation of the unrooted phylogenetic tree obtained by Bayesian Inference. The combined data from the mitochondrial marker COI and the nuclear markers ArgK and DDX23 have been run in three different partitions in the BEAST2 software. Posterior probability values are displayed beside the nodes. For clarity, the branches under the species or subspecies nodes have been collapsed indicating the number of specimens for each taxon. Font colour indicates distinct groups as discussed in the text: Green: Eilema genus; Light blue: Manulea genus; Dark blue: lutarella group from Indalia genus; Yellow: uniola group from Indalia genus; Orange: predotae group from Indalia genus; Red: Nyea genus; Violet: Setema genus; Black: remaining species under study and outgroup species (Nudaria mundana).

FIGURE 120. Phylogenetic tree representation obtained by Bayesian Inference of the extended dataset including the COI Barcode sequences published in BOLD as Eilema or Manulea genus and the sequences obtained in this study. The combined data from the mitochondrial marker COI and the nuclear markers ArgK and DDX23 have been run in three different partitions in BEAST2. Posterior probability values are displayed beside the nodes. For clarity, the branches under the species or subspecies nodes have been collapsed indicating the number of specimens for each taxon next to the countries of collection (AU: Austria; CRO: Croatia; CYP: Cyprus; CZR: Czech Republic; DE: Denmark; FI: Finland; Fr: France; GE: Germany; GR: Greece; IT: Italy; MAC: Macedonia; NL: Netherlands; NOR: Norway; PAK: Pakistan; RU: Russia; SP: Spain; UK: United Kingdom). Branches in grey color and font correspond to clades not reviewed in the current work. In all other cases, font colour indicates distinct clades as discussed in the text: Green: Eilema genus; Light blue: Manulea genus; Dark blue: lutarella group from Indalia genus; Yellow: uniola group from Indalia genus; Orange: predotae group from Indalia genus; Red: Nyea genus; Violet: Setema genus; Black: remaining species under study and outgroup species (Nudaria mundana).

FIGURES 9–16. 9. Manulea pseudocomplana (Daniel, 1939). Male: Lukov, Znojmo, Moravia, República Checa, 24.viii.1997, P. Vitek leg.; 10. Female: Lukov, Znojmo, Moravia, República Checa, 24.viii.1997, P. Vitek leg.; 11. Manulea costalis (Zeller, 1847). Male: Kapoura, Adelfoi-Forest, Chipre, 1200 m, 3.ix.2003, Hentscholek leg.; 12. Female: Agyia, Pafos Forest, Chipre, 400 m, 28.viii.2003, Hemtscholek leg. 13. Manulea palliatella (Scopoli, 1763). Male: Sierra de Valdemaca, Collado Bajo (Cuenca) Spain, 1500 m, 31.vii.1999, R. Macià & J. Ylla leg.; 14. Female: Valle de Valdevecar, Albarracín (Teruel) Spain, 1100 m, 23.viii.1997, R. Macià leg.; 15. Indalia marcida (Mann, 1859). Male: Puerto de Ojen (Cádiz) Spain, 200 m, 28.viii.1991, J. Gastón leg.; 16. Female: Porto Cristo, Manacor (Mallorca) Spain, 30 m, 30SDE27, 27.vi.2007, G. Zsolt leg.

FIGURES 95–109. 95. Eilema caniola caniola; 96. Eilema caniola torsteni; 97. Manulea complana; 98. Manulea iberica; 99. Manulea pseudocomplana; 100. Manulea palliatella; 101. Manulea costalis; 102. Indalia marcida; 103. Indalia predotae; 104. Indalia albicosta; 105. Indalia interposita; 106. Indalia uniola; 107. Indalia lutarella lutarella; 108. Indalia lutarella luqueti; 109. Indalia pygmaeola pygmaeola.